In this study, clothing items recorded in Nappyemulmok (納幣物目) and Ugwimulmok (于歸物目) in the early 20th century were examined. These clothing items were recorded on the lists of goods for wedding gifts from the 1910s to the 1930s. A large quantity of these lists were organized into eight categories by analyzing the fabrics of each item of clothing. Representative fabrics used for skirts and Jeogori (such as Myeongju, 明紬) were used widely. Jeoksam was mostly made with ramie fabric. Pants mostly used cotton such as Dangmok, Mumyung, and calico, with some use of silk. Gojaengi mostly used cotton such as Dangmok, Mumyung, and calico, with some use of ramie. Danui (單衣) used silk fabrics such Pparinseu, Myeongju, and Gyoju for decorative features that were revealed when rolled up. Naeui (內衣) is believed to be the closest underclothes to the body, and Mumyung was mostly used. Dangmok and calico were used for the Yodae (腰帶) and fabrics such as silk, Nobangju, and JuhangNa were used for outdoor use. This type of categorization is significant, as it can be used as academic evidence to verify and reproduce the clothing of the time by identifying fabrics, colors, and characteristics of certain items of clothing. Lastly, it is expected that the analysis of clothing will provide theoretical data in the same way that movies, dramas, and museum exhibitions feature modern traditional weddings.

본 연구는 감마스펙트럼 비율을 이용한 매립된 선원의 깊이 평가방법 개발 및 적용성 확인을 위해 진행되었다. 이를 위해 현장측정 HPGe 계측기 및 MCNP 전산모사를 이용하여 137Cs, 60Co, 152Eu 선원의 매질 내 깊이와 계측거리에 따른 Peak to Compton, Peak to Valley 비율(Q)의 변화를 평가하였다. 해당 결과를 이용해 계측거리 50 cm를 기준으로 PTV 및 PTC 비율(Q)과 매립 선원의 깊이 간의 상관 식을 도출하였다. 그리고 PTC 및 PTV 방법 이용 시 계측거리 변화에 따른 민감도를 평가한 결과, 50 cm 기준으로 계측거리가 20 cm로 감소할 경우 오차가 3 ~ 4 cm까지 증가하였다. 하지만 100 cm로 증가할 경우 계측거리에 의한 영향이 미미함을 확인하였다. 그리고 PTV 및 PTC 방법과 피크 영역의 계수율 변화를 통해 선원의 깊이를 평가하는 Two distance measurement 방법을 상호 비교하였다. 평가 결과 PTV 및 PTC 방법은 최대 1.87 cm의 오차, Two distance measurement 방법은 최대 2.69 cm의 오차를 나타내어 PTV, PTC 방법의 정확도가 비교적 높음을 확인하였다. 선원의 수평 방향 위치 변화 민감도 평가 결과 Two distance measurement 방법은 선원이 off-center 방향으로 30 cm 이동하였을 경우 최대 오차가 25.59 cm로 나타났다. 반면 PTV 및 PTC 방법은 최대 오차 8.04 cm로 현장 적용 시 높은 정확도를 나타낼 것으로 예상된다. 그리고 PTC 방법은 동일 시간 측정 시 다른 방법과 비교하여 낮은 표준편차를 나타내 신속한 평가가 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

As a preclinical study, many researchers have been attempted to convert the porcine PSCs into several differentiated cells with transplantation of the differentiated cells into the pigs. Here, we attempted to derive neuronal progenitor cells from pig embryonic germ cells (EGCs). As a result, neuronal progenitor cells could be derived directly from pig embryonic germ cells through the serum-free floating culture of EB-like aggregates (SFEB) method. Treating retinoic acid was more efficient for inducing neuronal lineages from EGCs rather than inhibiting SMAD signaling. The differentiated cells expressed neuronal markers such as PAX6, NESTIN, and SOX1 as determined by qRT-PCR and immunostaining. These data indicated that pig EGCs could provide valid models for human therapy. Finally, it is suggested that developing transgenic pig for disease models as well as differentiation methods will provide basic preclinical data for human regenerative medicine and lead to the success of stem cell therapy.

목적 : 마이봄샘기능저하증(meibomian gland dysfunction, MGD)을 수반하는 염증성 건성안의 감별진단에 대한 ‘TNF-α, IL-6, MMP-9’ 검사키트의 유용성을 평가하였다. 방법 : 건성안 이외의 안질환이 없는 20~30대 중 OSDI 설문 검사에 따른 건성안 총 118안을 대상하였고, 결막낭 메니스커스로부터 소량의 눈물을 채취하여 TNF-α, IL-6 및 MMP-9 검사를 하였다. 각막염색과 결막충혈 이 모두 Grade 1 이상인 경우는 염증성 건성안으로, 마이봄샘폐쇄와 마이봄샘구멍막힘이 모두 grade 1 이상인 경우는 MGD 관련 건성안으로 평가하였다. 염증성 건성안 및 MGD와 TNF-α, IL-6, MMP-9과의 상관성은 카 이제곱검정(Chi-square test)으로 분석하였고, ‘TNF-α, IL-6, MMP-9’ 검사키트의 염증성 건성안과 MGD를 수반하는 염증성 건성안 감별능력은 ROC 커브를 이용하여 민감도, 특이도 및 AUC(Area under the curve)를 구하고 정확도를 평가하였다. 결과 : 염증성 건성안은 TNF-α와 IL-6와 유의한 상관성을 보였고(p＜.050), ‘TNF-α, IL-6, MMP-9’ 검사 키트는 MMP-9 검사키트와 80.20%의 높은 일치도를 나타냈으나(p＜.050), 염증성 건성안 감별에 대한 민감도, 특이도, 정확도는 MMP-9 검사키트보다 낮았다. MGD는 MMP-9 검사와 상관성을 보이지 않았고, TNF-α와 IL-6 검사와는 유의한 상관성을 보였으며, MGD 감별에 대한 민감도, 특이도, 정확도는 각각 85.50%, 34.70%, 0.601, 85.50%, 32.70%, 0.591로 나타났다. MGD 수반한 염증성 건성안 감별에 대한 ‘TNF-α, IL-6, MMP-9’ 검사키트의 민감도, 특이도 및 정확도는 100.00%, 34.10%, 0.670로 MMP-9 검사키트보다 더 높았다. 결론 : MGD 진단에는 TNF-α, IL-6 검사가 유용하며, ‘TNF-α, IL-6, MMP-9’ 검사키트는 MGD를 수반한 염증성 건성안 평가에 유용할 것으로 사료된다.

The fruit of Chaenomeles sinensis (Thouin) Koehne (Chaenomelis Fructus) known as “Mo-Gua” in Korea has been commonly used in traditional medicine to treat inflammatory diseases, such as sore throat. However, its effect on bone metabolism has not been elucidated yet. Here, we examined the effect of Chaenomelis Fructus ethanol extract (CFE) on receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB ligand (RANKL)-mediated osteoclast differentiation and formation. CF-E considerably inhibited osteoclast differentiation and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinuclear cell formation from bone marrow-derived macrophages and osteoclast precursor cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the formation of actin rings and resorption pits were significantly suppressed in CF-E-treated osteoclasts as compared with the findings in non-treated control cells. Consistent with these phenotypic inhibitory results, the expressions of osteoclast differentiation marker genes (Acp5, Atp6v0d2 , Oscar, CtsK, and Tm7sf4) and Nfatc1 , a pivotal transcription factor for osteoclastogenesis, were markedly decreased by CF-E treatment. The inhibitory effect of CF-E on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis was associated with the suppression of NFATc1 expression, not by regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and NF-κB activation but by the inactivation of phospholipase C gamma 1 and 2. These results indicate that CF-E has an inhibitory effect on osteoclast differentiation and formation, and they suggest the possibility of CF-E as a traditional therapeutic agent against bone-resorptive diseases, such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and periodontitis.

본 연구는 관상가치가 뛰어난 산꼬리풀의 분화 재배법을 확립하고자 차광, 기비, 추비, 왜화제 및 적심처리를 각각 달리하여 수행하였다. 연구의 결과 차광 시 산꼬리풀의 생육이 감소 하였으며, 차광률이 증가할수록 크게 억제되었다. 기비 처리는 초장, 절간장, 경직경 및 엽수를 유의적으로 증가하였으나, Hyponex를 이용한 추비 처리는 무처리와 비교했을 때 생육증가에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다. 왜화제 처리시 diniconazole은 농도에 관계없이 왜화효과가 나타났으며, 농도가 증가할수록 크게 억제되었다. Daminozide는 저농도 처리시 무처리와 비교하여 큰 차이가 없었으나, 2000mg·L-1 농도로 처리하였을 때 왜화효과가 나타났으며, 개화율은 diniconazole 저농도에서 가장 낮은 결과를 보였다. 한편 적심 처리에 따른 유의적인 생육 차이는 확인되지 않았다.

대류열전달은 겨울철 온실 열손실의 중요한 원인이 되며, 일반적으로 복사열에 의한 손실보다 더 크다. 스크린의 대류열전달계수를 자연상태에서 측정한 연구가 수행된 바는 있지만 상하면의 재질이 동일하고 공극이 없는 스크린에 대해서는 적용을 할 수 없는 방법이다. 이러한 재질의 스크린은 한국에서 많이 사용되고 있으나 대류열전달 특성을 파악하는데 많은 어려움이 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 공극이 없는 3가지 종류의 스크린에 대해 대류열전달계수를 구하였으며, 계수를 산정하기 위하여 복사열수지 이론에 근거하여 산정방법을 개발하였다. 실험장치에 스크린을 설치하고 일사량, 장파복사량, 대기온도, 스크린 및 흑색천의 표면온도, 풍속 등을 측정하였다. 스크린의 표면온도와 주변온도의 차이에 따른 대류열전달계수를 산정하였다. 풍속이 거의 없는 상태에서 온도의 차이가 증가함에 따라 계수는 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.

Background: Mobilization and cranio-cervical flexion exercise has been reported in reducing pain from cervical part and improving its motor function; also, has been represented that alleviate of neck pain and recover of neck muscles improve the normal gait performance. However, few studies have identified the effects of mobilization and exercise on pain and gait parameters with preceding issues. Objective: To examine the effects or changes of pressure pain threshold (PPT) and gait parameters in patients with chronic neck pain. Design: Cross-Sectional Clinical Trials Methods: Twenty patients with the history of neck pain (>3 months) performed the cervical mobilization and cranio-cervical flexion exercise. Gait parameters were assessed with wireless device and collected data were transmitted to the personal computer via Bluetooth. The PPT was measured posteroanterior direction at the prone position and the mean of subsequent three PPT measurements was used for the final analysis. Results: Both cervical central posteroanterior mobilization (CCPAM) (p<.000) and sling-based cranio-cervical flexion exercise (SBCCFE) (p<.000) group showed a significant increase in the PPT and the gait parameters, cadence (p<.023), was significantly increased in the CCPAM group, however slightly increased in the SBCCFE group. The comparison between the CCPAM and the SBCCFE groups after treatment did not show significant differences for the score on the PPT and gait parameters. Conclusions: This study suggests that CCPAM and SBCCFE increase PPT, cadence, and gait speed.

Background: Because of the lack of accurate values for applied forces in manual therapy, manual therapists relies on the magnitude of the individual’s perception during applying the force. However, excessive loading maneuvers carry risks for patients. Objective: To establish the relationship between the maximal force applied to swine skin with the specific region, sex, and baseline parameters of the subject. Design: Ex-vivo Study and laboratory Experimental research Methods: 3.5 kg of Korean pork sirloin that is a piece of swine was handled and it was set 3 dimensions; #A; #B; #C. Forty-seven participants who has no experience in physical therapy randomly carried out the experiment, indicated to push each place of the pressure spots with same posture and process under supervision from the instructor who has over 15 years of manual therapy, and we measured the pressure force in each time. Results: The biggest pressure force was recorded in spot #A, and #B was represented after #C. Pressure on #A showed certain statistic relation with height (r=.317, p<.05) and weight (r=.434, p<.01); pressure on #B showed certain relation which has statistical meaning with only height (r=.401, p<.01); pressure on #C emerged to have statistic relationship with height (r=.308, p< .05)and weight (r=.428, p<.01). The age aspect revealed relation with pressure on #A, #B and #C, but that was not statistically significant. Conclusions: It can be inferred that there is the most loss of pressure in the area where cartilage is like an island in the middle.

To enhance mechanical properties through improvement of dispersion stability of carbon black (CB) in epoxy resins, fluorine functional groups were introduced on the CB surface by fluorination. The changes in the chemical properties and dispersion stabilities after fluorination were evaluated with different partial pressures of fluorine gas. The mechanical properties of the fluorinated CB/epoxy composites were evaluated by the test of tensile, impact strengths and creep behavior. The fluorinated CB/epoxy composites showed approximately 1.6 and 1.1 times enhancement in the tensile and impact strengths compared to that of neat epoxy, respectively. Moreover, when a constant load was applied at 323 K, the fluorinated CB/epoxy composites lasted longer and had smaller strain changes than those of the raw CB/epoxy composites. Thus, well-dispersed CB by fluorination in epoxy resins effectively transfers mechanical stress.

Fibrous adsorbents, such as activated carbon fibers (ACF) have acknowledged advantages of rapid adsorption rate and ease of modification compared with granular and powdered adsorbents. Based on the surface modification of lyocell-based ACF, we observed different surface characteristics of ACF samples with variation in the mixing ratio and impregnation time of H3PO4, NaCl, and KMnO4 solution. For an engineering application, we also explored the adsorption characteristics of thusproduced ACF samples onto volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Isothermal adsorption experiments were performed using toluene and benzene as adsorbates. Results indicate that both physical and chemical surface properties have an effect on the adsorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

본 연구는 아이스플랜트의 기능성 소금 대체제로서의 가능성을 조사하고자 천연 및 정제소금과의 NaCl, Dpinitol, 총 페놀, 총 플라보노이드 및 DPPH 라디칼 소거능에 대한 기초자료를 비교 조사하였다. 아이스플랜트 동 결건조분말의 NaCl 함량을 분석한 결과 19%이었고 Dpinitol의 함량은 777 mg/100 g으로 천일염 및 정제염에 비해 NaCl 함량은 유의적으로 낮으나 D-pinitol을 함유하고 있어 건강기능성에는 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다. 또한, 아이스플랜트 동결건조분말의 총 페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량은 각각 115 mg/100 g 및 985 mg/100 g을 함유 하고 있어 DPPH라디칼 소거능의 항산화효과를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 아이스플랜트 분말의 bioactive compound을 함유한 대체 소금 천연소재로서 가능성을 확인한 기초 연구를 제공하였다.

농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원에서는 2017년 빅립 형태의 분홍색계 팔레놉시스 ‘Lovely Angel’을 개발하였다. 2009년 백색 팔레놉시스 P. ‘Timonthy’와 빅립을 가지는 분홍색 P. World Class ‘Big Foot’을 모본과 부본으로 교배하였다. 2013년 생육이 우수하고 화색, 화형, 꽃대수 등 개화 특성이 우수한 ‘09056-12’를 개체선발하여 기내 화경배양을 통해 증식하였다. 2014년부터 2017년에거쳐 1차, 2차 특성검정을 통해 품종의 안정성과 균일성을 확인하여 ‘Lovely Angel’을 육성하였다. 이 품종은 밝고 선명한 보라빛 분홍색(RHS, PVG81C)을 띄며, 줄 무늬를 가지고 있고 설판이 큰 빅립 형태가 특징적이다. 안아피는 형태의 꽃은 길이와 폭이 각각 6.1, 5.6cm이며, 1개의 꽃대에 20.6개의 소화가 착생하여 꽃 수가 비교적 많이 달리고, 꽃대 길이는 31.8cm 이다. ‘Lovely Angel’는 생육시 잎은 반하수로 자라며 길이는 18.7cm, 폭은 6.8cm이다. 신품종인 ‘Lovely Angel’은 소형 분화용으로 이용 가능할 것이다.

미국선녀벌레에 방제효과가 높은 3종 (데리스, 시트로넬라, 계피)의 식물추출물과 보조제 (잔탄검과 실리콘 계열 화합물)를 함유하는 조성물을 개발하였다. 이 조성물은 인삼 재배지에서 미국선녀벌레 방제효과가 90% 이상으로 높았다. 또한 다른 흡즙성 해충에도 살충률이 높아 PLS (positive list system) 전면 시행에 따른 대응방안으로 활용이 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

화훼작물의 새로운 품종 개발과 특성을 개선하기 위해 교잡 및 돌연변이 육종과 같은 기존 기술에서 유전자변형기술에 이르기까지 다양한 육종 기술이 사용되고 있으며, 특히 화훼류의 유전자변형기술은 화색변형, 화형 및 형태변형, 개화시기 조절, 꽃 수명연장, 내환경성, 내병성, 내충성 등의 목적으로 이루어지고 있다. 국내에서의 GM 화훼류 연구는 2000년대부터 진행되었고, 현재는 장미, 국화, 카네이션, 페튜니아 등을 대상으로 형질전환체를 개발하고 있다. 호주의 Florigene사에서 개발한 푸른 카네이션이 상업화되면서 일본 SUNTORY사 의 파란색 장미 그리고 호주 Florigene사의 시들지 않는 카네이션이 개발되어 상용화되고 있으며, 더 많은 품종 개발과 판매 시장이 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 이처럼 GM 화훼작물에 대한 연구성과는 급속도로 발전하고 있으며, 국내에서도 생명 공학 기술을 기반으로 형질이 우수하고 소비자의 선호도가 높은 새로운 화훼 신품종 개발로 수출확대를 도모함으로써 농가 소득 향상을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 본 보고에서는 국내외에 최근 보고된 GM 화훼작물의 형질전환체 연구개발 성공 사례들을 소개하고, 그 요인 분석을 통해 향후 더 성공적인 GM 화훼작물 개발 전략을 수립하는데 도움이 되고자 한다.

We reach at conclusion that title of the 2021 GAN in Jeju Korea is “This Is Peace Island Care.” We have two reasons: one is that as we have basic assumption “ Jeju Island should need Peace Island Care in Asia Pacific region,” at village level beyond trauma of Jeju 4.3 Grand Tragedy (1947-1954), we try to illuminate Peace Island Village Care models to heal its trauma at grass roots level by both participants and villagers through Jeju World Peace Academy for 4 years (2016-2019) such as Jeju 4.3 damaged Buchonri, Dongkwang-ri, Ora-ri and Chungsoo ri assisting its resilience beyond its atrocities. It is important for us to connect the Peace Island Care models with other global care models globally. So, we introduce three village models to audience at the Toronto GAN Biennial conference : This Is Long Term Care 2019. It says “Transforming Ageing Together, a global approach to This Is Long Term Care 2019.

We report the performance of the 13.7-meter Taeduk Radio Astronomy Observatory (TRAO) radio telescope. The telescope has been equipped with a new receiver, SEQUOIA-TRAO, a new backend system, FFT2G, and a new VxWorks operating system. The receiver system features a 16-pixel focal plane array using high-performance MMIC preamplifiers; it shows very low system noise levels, with system noise temperatures from 150 K to 450 K at frequencies from 86 to 115 GHz. With the new backend system, we can simultaneously obtain 32 spectra, each with a velocity coverage of 163 km s−1 and a resolution of 0.04 km s−1 at 115 GHz. The new operating system, VxWorks, has successfully handled the LMTMC-TRAO observing software. The main observing method is the on-the-fly (OTF) mapping mode; a position-switching mode is available for small-area observations. Remote observing is provided. The antenna surface has been newly adjusted using digital photogrammetry, achieving a rms surface accuracy better than 130 µm. The pointing uncertainty is found to be less than 5'' over the entire sky. We tested the new receiver system with multi-frequency observations in OTF mode. The aperture efficiencies are 43±1%, 42±1%, 37±1%, and 33±1%, the beam efficiencies are 45±2%, 48±2%, 46±2%, and 41±2% at 86, 98, 110, and 115 GHz, respectively.

A liver mass was incidentally revealed in a 10-year-old male neutered Himalayan cat on radiographic examination conducted in a local animal hospital. The abdominal distention had worsened over the past five months, along with intermittent vomiting and nausea for two weeks. Serum chemistry was unremarkable, except for elevated alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels. Radiography revealed a round-shaped soft mass in the cranial abdomen. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a well defined, massive, fluid-filled cyst with multiple lobes, and heterogeneous echogenicity in the pancreas. Computed tomography examination revealed hypoplasia of the left lobes of the liver, but the vascular changes and enhancement of the mass were not observed on contrast computed tomography images. The herniation of the abdominal fat through the diaphragm was incidentally observed on sonography and computed tomography scan. The patient was tentatively diagnosed with pancreatic cyst. The laparotomy revealed that the origin was not related to the pancreas, but was suspended from the liver. The mass was multilobular and filled with approximately 120 ml of fluid containing a few white blood cells. The patient recovered from anesthesia, but showed postoperative respiratory depression and died of cardiac arrest 15 hours later. Histopathologically, the mass was definitively diagnosed to be hepatic cellular carcinoma.

Persistent left cranial vena cava (PLCVC) is a remnant vessel connected with the coronary sinus and draining into the right atrium. A 3-month-old intact male Bichon Frise was evaluated for the presence of a mechanical murmur auscultation in the local animal hospital. No significant clinical signs were present on physical examination except mechanical murmur. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) was diagnosed in the imaging procedure. During the left thoracotomy, PLCVC was found. The vascular malformation made the surgical process difficult by hiding PDA from the left thoracotomy surgical view. PLCVC and the vagus nerve was carefully dissected and lifted to secure a clear surgical view of PDA. The ductus arteriosus was ligated. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) was performed postoperatively. On CTA, left brachiocephalic vein retaining connection with the coronary sinus draining into the right atrium was observed. CTA is highly recommended for dogs with PDA to provide better postoperative results.

The South Korean government is actively assisting the supply of the smart factory solutions to SMEs (Small & Medium-sized Enterprises) according to its manufacturing innovation 3.0 policy for the smart manufacturing as the 4th industrial revolution era unfolds. This study analyzed the impacts of the smart factory solutions, which have been supplied by the government, on the companies performances. The effects of the level of smart factory and the operation capabilities for the smart factory solutions on company performances, and the mediating effects of manufacturing capabilities have been analyzed using SPSS and AMOS. The data for this survey-based study were collected from the SMEs which implemented the smart factory solutions since 2015. The results show that the level of smart factory solutions adopted and operation capabilities for the smart factories do not have direct effects on the company performances, but their mediating effects on the manufacturing capabilities matter and the manufacturing capabilities effect directly on the company performances. In addition significant factors boosting the operation capability for the smart factory and the levels of the smart factory solutions are identified. Finally, the policy direction for enhancing the smart factory effects is presented, and the future research directions along with the limitations are suggested.