lndil‘ ubin is the active ingredient of Danggui Longhui Wan‘ a mixture of herbal medici l1e t hat is used to treat chronic myelocytic leukemia in tradi t ional Chinese medicine‘ He re, we show that new indirubin deri vatives 5' -ni tro-indirubinoxime, 5' -f1 uoro-indiru binoxime and 5’ -tri rnethylacetamino-i nd i 1'1.1 bi noxi me‘ have potent a n ti- proliferative activity on various human cancer cells and oncogenic RK3E-ras rat kidney cells with lC50 con centration ranging from 1-25 μ M, When the RK3E-ras cells were treated with indirubin derivatives for 24 h, the activity of caspase-3 and caspasc-7 was induccd followed by apoptosis , 011 the other hand, the activity of SAPK/JNK was inhi bited over the same period , lndirubin deri vatives a lso s howed strong ant i-tumor activity in rat s이 id and oral tumor models The inhibition of tlUl10r g:rowth was observed in animals beaJ‘ing RK3E-ras-induced turnor given subcutaneous dose of 100 mg/kg every other day for 10 days, Histologically, μeatment of indirubin derivatives caused significant inhibition of tumor formation associated wi th increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation of tumor cell s , These findings provide the potential value of indirubin derivatives as a novel candi date fOl 없l tJ -cancer agents ,

A novel indil‘ubin analog‘ 5’ nitro-indirubinoxime(Ol1) inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis again st variolls hllman cancer cell s. ln this stlldy, we performed the microarray analysis to identify genes diffel'enti ally expressed in the KB oral sqllamollS carcinoma cells after treatment with 011 Of the 10‘ 800 genes a nalyzed , 1700 genes(15.7%) showed di fferent expression level in the 011-treated cells with respect to untreated control cel1s Arnong those‘ 263 genes(15, 5%) were down -reg띠 ated and 220 genes(12, 9%) were IIp-regulated more than 2-fold, Functionally related gene clllsters inclllde genes associated with signal transdllction(18, 1%) , especially genes re lated with a poptosis(3, 5%) and cell cycle reglllation(5. 8%) . Our application of microarray ar뻐ysis on 01l-treated 01'외 cancer cells al lows the identifi cati on of candidate genes for providing novel insights into the 011-mediated anti -tllmor actl Vl ty ,

The myotubularin (MTM) family constitutes one of the most highly conserved protein-tyrosine phosphatase subfamilies in eukaryotes. MTM1, the archetypal member of this family, is mutated in X-l띠ked myotubular myopathy, whereas mutations in the MTM related (MTMR)2 gene cause the type 4B Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a severe hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy. In this study, we investigated the role of pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of MTMR2. We demonstrate here that the PH domain of MTMR2 directly interacts with phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns)(3)P, PtdIns(5)P, and to a Iesser extent Pt，이 ns(4)P. Furthermore, MTMR2-PH domain is required for targe띠g Mη00 to the 다πoplasmic compartment. Mutation in the PH domain abolished its phospholipid binding ability and MTMR2 subcel1ular localization. These results su잃.est that the PH domain regulates MTMR2 1αalization and function through its interaction with phosphoinosi디des and give us the clue to understand the pathogenic effect of PH domain

파이 프 설 t서는 다양한 두께 및 직경， 길이 룹 가진 파이프뜰로 이 루 어진 ':rL조 늄로 서 정확한 해석 을 위해서논 3차원의 유한 요소 모델이 필요 하다 그러나 유한효소 모덴에 의한 헤석 l상빈은 계산 시 간이 길어 칠 뿐만 아니라 방대한 양의 컴퓨터 용량을 핀요로 한다. 반변에， 파이 프 륜 보 요소로 가 정한 단순 한 해석 모덴은 파이프 설비의 정확한 서동을 예측하기에 문제점이 많 다. 따라서， 본 연구에서는 파이프 설비의 효율적인 해석 모탤을 제안하고자 한다. 제안된 해석 모델 은 보요소로 구성된 모델에 접합부 요소만을 추가함으로써 보요소만으 로 구성된 모델만큼 단순하며， 또 한 파이프 접합부의 국 부적 인 변형을 고려하기 때 문 에 파이프 설비의 거동 을 정확히 예 꽉 할 수 있다. 예제 해석 올 통하여 결과들을 비교함으로써 본 연구에서 제안한 모델의 효융성올 입 증하였다.

High-quality and high-phytonutrient watermelon fruits have strong market opportunities besides their health related benefits. Hence, investigating quality and nutritional related traits of watermelon genetic resources could provide important baseline data in breeding for increased lycopene content thereby increasing the marketability of watermelon. To this end, we have examined some fruit morphological traits and lycopene content of 105 genetic resources. Seeds, originally obtained from 22+ countries, were obtained from the National Agrobiodiversity Center, Jeonju, South Korea, grown in an experimental field and harvested at a fully mature stage. The size of pistil scar (SPS), the width of stripes (WS), weight of fruit (WF), length of fruit (LF), width of fruit (WIF), the thickness of pericarp (TP), soluble solids content (SSC), fruit shape in longitudinal section, ground color of skin, the intensity of the green color of skin, fruit shape at the apical part, grooving distribution, conspicuousness of stripes, and main color of the flesh were recorded on the field and inside laboratory and the lycopene was measured using spectrophotometric and HPLC methods. Watermelon fruits have shown a diverse morphological characters. Red and pink fleshed fruits dominated in the entire collections. Fruits with higher thickness of rind were found to exhibit less soluble solid content (SSC). Korean origin fruits were characterized by intermediate SSC while the United States of America (USA), Russia (RUS), Tajikistan (TJK), Turkmenistan (TKM), Taiwan (TWN), and Uruguay (URY) originated fruits had the highest SSC. The lycopene content varied between 41.37 and 182.82 ㎍/g, 2.81 and 163.72 ㎍/g, and 3.54 and 255.47 ㎍/g using HPLC, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and microplate reader spectrophotometer, respectively. Red- and pink-fleshed fruits had the highest levels of lycopene content compared to the yellow- and orange-fleshed. Lycopene content had a significant positive correlation with SSC, however, no correlations were detected between lycopene and other quantitative fruit morphological characters. Our study demonstrated high diversity exists in fruit morphological traits and lycopene content of the germplasm collections which provide beneficial baseline data for a future breeding program and utilization of watermelon germplasm collections in gene banks for the maintenance and improvement of the current levels of production, marketability, and health-related benefit of watermelon fruits.

기존의 저수지 운영 연구들은 미래의 기후가 과거와 유사하다는 정상성의 가정을 전제로 하였다. 하지만 기후의 비정상성으로 인해 불확실성이 더욱 커질 경우에는 큰 불확실성에서도 안정된 최적해를 찾을 수 있는 로버스트 최적화 과정(Robust Optimization, 이하 RO)이 필요하다고 알려져 있다. RO는 입력자료의 비정상성으로 인해 야기되는 불확실성을 제어하는 로버스트 항을 목적함수에 추가하여 기존의 최적화 방법을 개선한다. 본 연구는 기후변화의 비정상성을 대비하는 저수지 운영규칙 산정을 위해 추계학적동적계획법(Stochastic Dynamic Programing, 이하 SDP)과 RO를 결합하는 Robust-SDP를 제안하였고, 이를 최근 4년간 가뭄을 겪었던 보령댐에 적용하였다. 즉, 비정상성이 반영된 미래 유입량 자료를 생성하고 이를 6가지의 평가지표와 2가지의 의사결정 지원그림을 사용하여 과거 유입량 자료로부터 산출된 저수지 운영규칙의 수행능력을 평가하 였다. 그 결과, Robust-SDP가 기후의 비정상성 하에서 극단적인 물 부족 사건의 발생률과 물 부족 사건의 실패의 크기를 감소시켰지만, 작은 크기의 물 부족 발생률은 증가하는 상충관계(trade-off)를 가져옴을 확인할 수 있었다. 이를 바탕으로 의사결정자가 우선시하는 평가지표의 결과에 따라 최적화 모형을 선택할 수 있음을 제안하였다.

본 연구는 벼 품종에 따른 미음 가공특성을 구명하기 위하여 국립식량과학원에서 육성한 9개 벼 품종의 호화점도 특성과 미음의 색도, pH, 점도 및 퍼짐성을 측정하고, 초미세구조를 관찰하였다. 신속점도계를 이용한 호화 점도(페이스팅) 분석에서, 치반점도는 한아름4호, 화선찰이 각각 -45.84 및 -27.50 RVU, 최종점도는 화선찰, 한아름4호가 각각 109.00, 213.42 RVU로 미음죽의 노화가 다른 품종들에 비해 느릴 것으로 판단된다. 쌀 낟알과 미음의 미세구조를 주사현미경(SEM)으로 관찰하였는데, 쌀알은 다각형의 전분립으로 구성된 구 형태의 전분체와 이러한 전분체로 구성된 전분세포로 구성되어 있었다. 도담쌀은 구 모양의 전분체가 관찰되었고 다른 품종들에 비해 빈 공간이 더 많았으며, 한아름4호는 일반 멥쌀의 형태와 같은 다각형의 전분립을 확인하였고, 화선찰벼는 전분체를 구성하는 전분립들의 부서짐이 많은 것을 관찰하였다. 그리고 이 품종들로 만든 미음죽 호화양상은 품종별로 달랐는데 이는 주로 아밀로오스 함량 차이에 기인하는 것으로 판단되나, 같은 고아밀로오스 품종이라 하더라도 도담쌀에 비해 고아미4호는 잘 풀어지고 호화가 잘 되는 것으로 나타나는 바(data not shown), 이에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요하다 하겠다. 품종별 미음 제조 후, 관능검사에서 통일형(초다수성) 벼품종과 자포니카 벼 품종들의 차이가 뚜렷하게 나타나지 않아 초다수성 벼 품종으로 자포니카 벼 품종을 대체할 수 있을 것으로 판단하였다(data not shown). 또한 아밀로오스 함량 차이에 따른 벼 품종들 간의 점도 차이가 확연하게 나타났는데 아밀로오스가 없는 찰벼 품종은 미음죽의 점도를 낮추고, 고아밀로오스 품종들은 미음죽의 점도를 높였다. 통일형(초다수성 벼)을 포함한 일반메벼 품종들의 점도는 찹쌀과 고아밀로오스 품종들로 만든 미음의 중간정도를 보였으며 품종간의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 요컨대, 통일형 품종은 일반쌀 품종에 비해 밥용으로 식미가 나쁜 것으로 알려져 있으나, 미음에 대한 가공적성 평가 결과, 통일형쌀 품종과 일반쌀 품종 간에 품질 차이가 없었다. 쌀미음의 점도와 퍼짐성은 쌀미음의 품질을 결정하는 중요한 요소이며 9개 품종(통일형 4개 품종, 일반형 5개)의 쌀미음 가공적성을 평가한 결과, 고아밀로오스(31.8%-42.8%) 쌀 품종들은 점도가 높아(낮은 퍼짐성) 걸쭉하였고, 저아밀로오스(5.0%)인 찹쌀 품종은 낮은 점도(높은 퍼짐성)로 유동적이었다. 중간정도의 특성을 가진 멥쌀(18.2%-19.9%) 품종들이 쌀미음에 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 멥쌀 품종들 중에서 생태형(통일형/일반형)에 따른 쌀미음의 점도와 퍼짐성에서 차이가 없었다.

BACKGROUND Ca2+ oscillations during fertilization induce eggs activation and embryonic development in mammalian eggs.. The type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R1) is in charge of Ca2+ oscillations for the release of stored Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum. The capacity of this oscillation is obtained during egg maturation and corresponds with an increase in the sensitivity of the IP3R1 and their localization in cytoplasm. Cluster formation of IP3R1 in the egg cortex is important to initiation of Ca2+ oscillations during egg and sperm fusion. In this study, we investigated that cell cycle–coupled redistribution of IP3R1 and Ca2+- oscillatory activity in mouse zygotes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Metaphase II arrested eggs were collected from ICR female mouse after super ovulation induction. At 14 hr post hCG, MII eggs were collected, and artificially activated in Ca2+ free CZB medium with 10 mM SrCl2 for 2 hrs. Pronuclear zygotes (PN) were collected from Strontium activated eggs at 8 hr post activation, and the first mitotic eggs were collected at 16~17 hr post activation. To identify cell cycle coupled IP3R1 redistribution, MII eggs, zygotes, and first mitotic eggs were collected, and fixed for immunostaining with anti-IP3R1antibody (CT-1) and observed on CLSM. Ca2+-oscillatory activity was monitored with fluorescence microscope mounted SimplePCI program (Hamamatsu) after injection of cRNA of mouse phospholipase C zeta (mPLCZ). RESULT IP3R1 were shown clusters, 1~2 um in diameter, in cortex of ovulated MII eggs with high Ca2+ oscillatory activity by mPLCZ injection. These eggs represent more than 6 spikes per 60 min. However, IP3R1 clusters were disappeared in PN eggs and these eggs showed very low Ca2+- oscillatory activity by mPLCZ. In mitosis I stage eggs, clusters of IP3R1 were appeared and Ca2+-oscillatory activity was reactivated slightly (2 spikes per 60 min). CONCLUSIOINS This study introduced the redistribution of IP3R1 clusters were occurred in egg activation according to cell cycle dependent manner. Also, functional modification of IP3R1 including protein phosphorylation was associated with cortical clustering of IP3R1 in cell cycle coupled Ca2+ oscillatory activity.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the association between the appearance of hypodense hepatic nodules on dynamic CT images and acute alcoholic hepatitis in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Sixty-two patients (male:female=57:5, mean age=51.4±10.9 years) with alcoholic cirrhosis were included. Patients were divided into 3 groups; group A (nodules, n=23), group B (fatty liver < 40 Hounsfield unit (HU) without nodules, n=18), and group C (control, n=21). Liver nodules in Group A had characteristic low density during pre- and all post-contrast phases versus liver parenchyma and fewer or complete resolution of nodules on follow up CT after alcohol withdrawal. Densities (HU) of nodules and hepatic parenchyma, ascites scores, and laboratory values were analyzed. Mean densities of hepatic parenchyma in groups A and B were significantly lower than in the control group. Serum bilirubin, AST (aspartate transaminase), ALT (alanine transaminase), PT (prothrombin time), and ascites scores were significantly higher in group A than in the other two groups. As numbers of liver nodules increased nodules’ attenuation decreased. Mean serum AST and ALT were higher in patients with many nodules than in patients with few nodules. Hypodense hepatic nodules in alcoholic steatohepatitis in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis are probably benign nodules resulting from focal steatosis or hepatocellular necrosis rather than metastases.

The atmosphere strongly affects the Earth’s spin rotation in wide range of timescale from daily to annual. Its dominant role in the seasonal perturbations of both the pole position and spinning rate of the Earth is once again confirmed by a comparison of two recent data sets; i) the Earth orientation parameter and ii) the global atmospheric state. The atmospheric semi-diurnal tide has been known to be a source of the Earth’s spin acceleration, and its magnitude is re-estimated by using an enhanced formulation and an up-dated empirical atmospheric S2 tide model. During the last twenty years, an unusual eastward drift of the Earth’s pole has been observed. The change in the Earth’s inertia tensor due to glacier mass redistribution is directly assessed, and the recent eastward movement of the pole is ascribed to this change. Furthermore, the associated changes in the length of day and UT1 are estimated.

In this study, strain properties of high strength concrete (HSC) have been evaluated at elevated temperature. To evaluate the strain behaviour of HSC at elevated temperatures, ø100 × 200 mm cylindrical specimens of HSC with compressive strengths of 80, 130 and 180 MPa concrete were heated to 700 °C at a rate of 1 °C/min. As a results, Total strain of HSC was showing shrinkage with compressive strength increasing.

This study aimed to evaluate 105 tomato accessions conserved in National Agrobiodiversity Center regarding their resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum, a soil-borne vascular bacterium that causes lethal wilt diseases of a wide range of crops worldwide. All the accessions are Solanum lycopericum var. lycopersicum including cultivar or breeding lines. At the four leaf stage, the seedlings were inoculated by drenching the soil with the bacterial suspension concentrated of 108 CFU/ml. Plant roots were wounded before inoculation by cutting with the knife. Seven accessions including IT 32899 were rated as resistant, while other 98 accessions were rated as susceptible. IT 32899 scored 0.1 of disease rate and 0.7 of disease index. The selected accessions will be used as a material to reveal the mechanism of wilt tolerance and to identify the host gene involved in defense response.

The application of software engineering is not common in the development of astronomical observation system. While there were component-wise developments in the past, large-scale comprehensive system developments are more common in these days. In this study, current methodologies of development are reviewed to select a proper one for the development of astronomical observation system and the result of the application is presented. As the subject of this study, a project of operation software development for an astronomical observation system which runs on the ground is selected. And the output management technique based on Component Based Development which is one of the relatively recent methodologies has been applied. Since the nature of the system requires lots of arithmetic algorithms and it has great impact on the overall performance of the entire system, a prototype model is developed to verify major functions and performance. Consequently, it was possible to verify the compliance with the product requirements through the requirement tracing table and also it was possible to keep to the schedule. Besides, it was suggested that a few improvements could be possible based on the experience of the application of conventional output management technique. This study is the first application of the software development methodology in the domestic astronomical observation system area. The process and results of this study would contribute to the investigation for a more appropriate methodology in the area of similar system development.

Muscle strength and endurance activities of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer; KG) were compared with those of wild simulated cultivation ginseng (WCG) in mice. Fifty male ICR mice were divided into five groups: A (vehicle); B (WCG 100 mg/kg); C (WCG 500 mg/kg); D (KG 100 mg/kg); E (KG 500 mg/kg). Subsequently, the mice were subjected to the forced swimming test (FST) and treadmill test at the 4th and 7th weeks. The glycogen content in the muscle and blood analysis (levels of glucose, triglyceride (TG), IGF-1) were also performed immediately after the last FST and treadmill test at the 7th week. Immobility times in FST were shorter in WCG- than KG-treated groups, and the results of the treadmill tests were also significant except for KG-treated at 100 mg/kg. The glycogen content was increased in both groups with a peak at 500 mg/kg of WCG groups. Serum concentrations of TG and glucose were decreased by administration of KG and WCG and all treated groups showed increase in the level of IGF-1 in serum. These results suggest that KG and WCG supplementations are effective in escalating the muscle strength and endurance.

To produce abiotic stress resistant transgenic cucumber, the cotyledonary node explants of cucumber (c.v. Eunsung) were inoculated with A. tumefaciens strain EHA105 containing the binary vector (pPZP211) carrying Nit gene. The 491 explants inoculated with bacterium solution for 30 min were maintained on 50 mg/L paromomycin contained shoot induction (SI) medium for first 2 weeks and then subcultured on 100 mg/L paromomycin to obtain transgenic adventitious shoots for 4 x 14 days. So far, 5 plant were selected, and then acclimated in soil. Of them, 3 transgenic plants with Nit gene were confirmed by Southern blot analysis.