목 적: 착용한 실리콘 하이드로겔 렌즈 표면에 침착된 성분을 X-선광전자분광법으로 관찰하였으며, 투광성과의 관련성을 연구하였다. 방 법: 표면을 플라즈마 코팅한 Lotrafilcon A 재질의 실리콘 하이드로겔 렌즈를 착용한 다음, 표면에 침착물의 성분과 화학결합을 X-선광전자분광분석기(XPS)로 분석하였으며, 침착에 따른 광투과율을 관찰하였다. 결 과: 착용 초기에는 점액질의 침착이 주로 일어나 40% 이상이 되었으며, 그 이후에는 큰 증가가 없었다. 지방의 침착은 점액질보다 적지만 20%까지 계속 증가하였다. 가시광선의 광투과율은 착용 5일까지 3.4% 감소하였으며, 그 이후에 1.2% 정도 더 감소하였다. 결 론: 플라즈마 처리로 표면이 친수성인 실리콘 하이드로겔 렌즈의 침착은 주로 점액질에 의해 발생하며, 지방은 침착된 점액질에 쌓이면서 서서히 증가하였다. 침착물로 인하여 렌즈의 광투과율이 저하되었으나, 그 영향은 점차 감소하였다.

This paper experimentally investigates the seismic performance of RC columns retrofitted by Super Reinforcement with Flexibility (SRF). A total of three specimens with a scale factor of 1/2 were constructed and tested in order to assess the structural behavior of the retrofitted RC columns. One specimen was a non-seismically designed column without any retrofitting method while others were retrofitted with either one or two layers of SRF by using urethane adhesive. The static cyclic testing with a constant axial load was conducted to assess the seismic performance of the retrofitted RC columns. It is concluded that the SRF retrofitting method increases the strength and ductility of the RC columns and can also impact on the failure mode of the columns.

An elementary school is an important public place for children and it is where they spend most of their days. Ten elementary schools of environmental pollutants were measured in the classroom, playground and school zones (June 19 ~ Nov 1, 2012). Dust measurements of some schools were more indoor air. Measurements of black carbon concentrations were higher overall school zones. Also, in the case of formaldehyde, benzene and some environmental standards were exceeded. In the case of outdoor pollutants not statistically significant, but in some cars and vans that were correlated with pollutants. Thus, strategies and actions are necessary that will protect the health of children in schools from environmental pollutants.

A two-pass differential speed rolling(DSR) was applied to a deoxidized low-phosphorous copper alloy sheet in order to form a homogeneous microstructure. Copper alloy with a thickness of 3 mm was rolled to 75 % reduction by two-pass rolling at 150˚C without lubrication at a differential speed ratio of 2.0:1. In order to introduce uniform shear strain into the copper alloy sheet, the second rolling was performed after turning the sample by 180˚ on the transverse direction axis. Conventional rolling(CR), in which the rotating speeds of the upper roll and lower roll are identical to each other, was also performed by two-pass rolling under a total rolling reduction of 75 %, for comparison. The shear strain introduced by the conventional rolling showed positive values at positions of the upper roll side and negative values at positions of the lower roll side. However, samples processed by the DSR showed zero or positive values at all positions. 100//ND texture was primarily developed near the surface and center of thickness for the CR, while 110//ND texture was primarily developed for the DSR. The difference in misorientation distribution of grain boundary between the upper roll side surface and center regions was very small in the CR, while it was large in the DSR. The grain size was smallest in the upper roll side region for both the CR and the DSR. The hardness showed homogeneous distribution in the thickness direction in both CR and DSR. The average hardness was larger in CR than in DSR.

목적: 공기 중에서 플라즈마 처리가 된 상용 불화규소 아크릴레이트 RGP 콘택트렌즈(Boston XO)의 분위기와 유지 시간에 따른 표면 성분 및 습윤성의 변화를 연구하였다. 방 법: 렌즈는 진공, 공기, 물 등의 분위기로 보관했으며, X-선광전자분광분석기(XPS)로 성분과 화학결합을, 접촉각으로 습윤성의 변화를 측정하여 평가하였다. 결과: RGP 콘택트렌즈에 플라즈마 처리를 하면 렌즈 표면에 친수성기(C-O, O-C=O, Si-O)의 증가로 물에 대한 접촉각이 감소하여 표면의 습윤성이 증진되었으나, 모든 분위기에서 시간이 경과함에 따라 친수 성기가 감소하면서 접촉각이 증가하였다. 물 분위기에서는 렌즈 표면에 탄소 및 실리콘과 결합한 산소가 급격히 감소하면서 접촉각이 다시 증가하였다. 결론: 플라즈마 처리된 RGP 콘택트렌즈의 표면이 수분과 접촉하면, 산소가 급격히 감소하고 습윤성이 저하된다.

The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of the duration of smartphone usage on cervical and lumbar spine flexion angles and reposition error in the cervical spine. The study included 18 healthy smartphone users (7 males and 11 females). We measured the kinematics of the upper and lower cervical and lumbar spine flexion angles and the reposition error of the upper and lower cervical spine after 3 s and 300 s smartphone use in sitting. A paired t-test was used to compare the effects of the duration of smartphone usage on the kinematics of cervical and lumbar spine flexion angles and reposition error. The flexion angles of the lower cervical and lumbar spine and the reposition error in the upper and lower cervical spine were significantly increased after 300 s smartphone of use (p<.05). However, the flexion angle of the upper cervical spine was not significantly different between the 3 s and 300 s smartphone of use (p>.05). These findings suggest that prolonged use of smartphones can induce changes in cervical and lumbar spine posture and proprioception in the cervical spine.

The acid value of the oil extracted from the three kinds of 15 fried foods ranged from 0.89 to 3.92, the peroxide value ranged 10.0～57.14 meg/㎏. Among the samples, popcorn chicken contained the highest crude fat content, showing 6.64± 0.26(%), while the french-fries showed 2.87±0.31(%), which was the lowest. The content of the trans fatty acid per 100 g of the foods were; the fried foods: 0.02～0.06 g. The french-fries contained the lowest saturated fatty acid per 100 g of the foods, showing 0.41～1.55 g, while the popcorn chicken showed the highest content, 1.16～3.43 g. The fried foods contained the highest linoleic acid content. Further, fried foods exhibited safe levels of trans fat content. The “School Zone”, which sells snacks, candies, chocolates flow, was not detected in the saccharin. Cookies, candies, chocolate was not detected in the tar colors. Aerobic plate count were ranged from 0∼4, 700 cfu/g in cookies, Salmonella test came out negative.

The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of scapular alignment on the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the trapezius in people with a short pectoralis minor muscle. For the study, we recruited 15 volunteers who had positive results for short on a pectoralis minor muscle length test. We measured the EMG activity of the upper, middle and lower trapezius muscles. The participants lifted their dominant arm to ear level with the thumb up toward the ceiling in the prone position on a table with the shoulder at a flexion angle of 180 degrees and a horizontal abduction angle of 120 degrees. Scapula was manually aligned by an experienced physical therapist prior to arm lift for the scapular alignment condition. A paired t-test was used to compare the effects of scapular alignment on the EMG activity of the trapezius muscles. The EMG activity of the lower trapezius muscle was significantly increased during the test with the scapular alignment compared to that without scapular alignment (p<.05), while the upper trapezius and middle trapezius exhibited no significant difference between the two conditions (p>.05). The findings of this study suggest that a scapular alignment may alter the recruitment of the lower trapezius muscle during arm lifting in the prone position in people with a short pectoralis minor muscle.

The existing study on fiber reinforced of the reinforced concrete columns are mainly used to thermosetting resin for evaluate the seismic performance. as compared with thermoplastic resin, thermosetting resin is the advantage of greater strength and stand in high temperature. but, thermosetting resin has many environmental problems about recycling. In this study, better toughness, recyclability and the advantage of rapid construction than thermosetting resin used to the seismic performance evaluation. The existing unreinforced and Superex reinforced concrete compression test specimens experimented with 4 kinds about reinforced repeat. (unreinforced, 1 layer, 3 layers, 5 layers) The test results appear to be increased the maximum load of 98.37% that 5 layers reinforced repeat when compared to unreinforced

해양운송분야에서 인적 오류의 비중 및 피해가 막대하지만, 선박운항자 관점에서의 안전성 평가를 위한 구체적인 수단이나 기술의 개발은 미흡하며, 해양사고의 예방을 위한 인간공학적 시험평가 기법 및 항해장비와의 인터페이스 설계를 위한 관련 연구가 미흡하다. 즉, 해상교통 안전성 평가를 위한 선박운항 시뮬레이터의 활용도와 신뢰성을 높이기 위한 정량적 지표의 개발이 시급히 요구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 해상교통 안전성 평가를 위한 인간공학적 실험평가 기