The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of animal-assisted activity on social aspects among inpatients with schizophrenia. Four participants including 2 males and 2 females were assigned to the animal-assisted activity program treatment group with therapy dog. A weekly animal-assisted activity program was arranged for patients in the treatment group for 10 weeks. The analysis assessing social skills was completed the week before and the week after the animal-assisted activity. The treatment group showed improvement on the social skills. The results of this study showed that animal-assisted activity can promote improvements in many clinical aspects among inpatients with schizophrenia. Therefore, animal-assisted activity should be integrated into the treatment of institutionalized patients with schizophrenia.

온라인 쇼핑을 이용하는 사람들의 수는 시간이 지날수록 기하급수적으로 증가하고 있다. 그 중에서도 오픈마 켓은 가장 각광받고 있는 온라인 시장이다. 현재 오픈마켓은 너무 많은 상품들로 인해 고객들이 원하는 상품을 찾을 때 많은 어려움을 겪고 있다. 따라서 오픈마켓은 효율적인 상품을 제공할 수 있도록 인터페이스를 개선해 야 한다. 본 연구는 국내 오픈마켓 주요 4사의 메인 화면을 기준으로 웹 인터페이스를 분석하였고, 분석요인에 대한 만족도 평가를 진행하였다. 분석결과, 고객들이 어떠한 요인을 선호하는지에 대해서 알 수 있었으며, 설문 응답자로부터 가장 높은 만족도를 얻은 오픈마켓과 응답자들의 선호 요인이 인과관계를 가짐을 확인하였다.

The purpose of this study was to compare the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of three methods for measuring iliotibial tract length in 40 knees of 20 subjects. The measurements were performed by two examiners and one assistant. The length of the iliotibial tract was measured using three methods: the first used a modified Ober test with an inclinometer, the second used a modified Ober test with a marker, and the third used active adduction test with a marker in the supine position. Each examiner used the three methods in two sessions. For the first method, the inclinometer value was recorded manually. For the second and third methods, Image J analysis software was used to analyze the photographs taken. The intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the measured value was assessed by means of intra-class correlation coefficients [ICC (3,1)] and the standard error of measurement. The intra-rater reliabilities of the three methods were excellent (ICC=.97, .95, and .94, respectively), and the inter-rater reliabilities of the first and second methods were fair to good (ICC=.64 and .65, respectively). The inter-rater reliability of the third method was excellent (ICC=.88). Our results suggest that the active adduction test is an objective and qualitative measurement method for measuring iliotibial tract length. We recommend that the active adduction test be used for measuring iliotibial tract length in the clinical setting.

The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of distance measurements from the medial border of the scapula to the spinous process of the thoracic vertebrae when obtained using tape and photography measurements. The study included 20 healthy subjects (10 males, 10 females); for a total of 40 scapula measurements. The distance measurements made using tape or photography methods were conducted with the subject in a standing position. Repeated tape and photography measurements were conducted in two sessions on different days by two examiners to assess the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of the two methods. The reliability of scapular distance measured using tape and photography methods was tested using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC(3,1)) and the standard error of measurement (SEM). The inter-rater reliability of the tape measurement method was excellent (ICC=.77) and the intra-rater reliability was fair to good (ICC=.74). The inter-rater and intra-rater reliabilities of the photography measurement method were excellent (ICC=.76 and .76 respectively). Our results suggest that photography measurement is an objective and qualitative measurement tool for scapular distance measurements.

This study was to determine the reliability and validity of manual measurements of patellar height to standard radiographic measurements in 30 knees of 15 subjects. Patellar height was measured using manual and radiographic methods. The manual measurements were performed by two examiners using digital vernier calipers with the subject sitting and the knees in 30° of flexion. The radiographic measurements were performed in the same position. The reliability of the manual measurements was assessed by means of intraclass correlation coefficients [ICC(3,1)], and the validity was investigated using the Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient and an independent t-test. The intra- and inter-rater reliabilities of the manual measurement of patellar height were excellent (ICC=.86 and .88 respectively). The validity of patellar height measured manually compared to the radiographic method was good (Pearson’s r=.69). In conclusion, the manual method is an objective, qualitative measurement of patella height.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of goniometer measurements of the hallux valgus angle (HVA) compared to radiographic measurements, which are the current standard. Twenty subjects (10 female, 10 male) were recruited for this study (40 feet). The HVA of the subjects was measured using goniometer and radiographic measurement. In three trials, measurements were taken of each subject by two examiners using goniometer and radiographic measurements using radiography in a standing position. The reliability of the measurements was investigated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC(3,1)), and the validity was tested using the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient and an independent t-test. The intra-rater reliability of left and right HVAs were poor (ICC=.409 and .341, respectively). The inter-rater reliability of left and right HVAs were poor and moderate (ICC=.303 and .501, respectively). Left and right HVAs measured using goniometer and radiographic measurements were also poor and moderate (Pearson r=.246 and .544, respectively). These results suggest that goniometer measurements of the HVA are inaccurate and have unacceptable validity compared to radiographic measurements.

The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of wedged insole and foot progression angle (FPG) on lateral thrust of knee in healthy subjects. Fifteen healthy male subjects were recruited from Suncheon First College, in Suncheon. The subjects randomly walked at the comfortable velocity under five conditions: bare footed, medio-lateral wedged insoles, toe-in and toe-out gait. The lateral thrust was measured by a accelerometer with telemeter during walking. Data was collected while each subject walked for about 10 gait cycle on a flat, level walkway at their normal speed. The middle three gait cycle were used for averaged peak value of lateral acceleration. The three averaged peak value of lateral acceleration were collected under each condition at heel strike. The results showed that averaged peak value of lateral acceleration increased significantly in medial wedged insole and toe-in gait and decreased significantly in lateral wedged insole and toe-out gait as compared with bare footed (p<.05). These results suggest that wedged insole as well as walking strategy, such as foot progression angle, may prevent progression of degenerative knee osteoarthritis.

Side scanning sonar (SSS) provides valuable information for robot navigation. However using the side scanning sonar images in the navigation was not fully studied. In this paper, we use range data, and side scanning sonar images from UnderWater Simulator (UWSim) and propose measurement models in a feature based simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) framework. The range data is obtained by echosounder and sidescanning sonar images from side scan sonar module for UWSim. For the feature, we used the A-KAZE feature for the SSS image matching and adjusting the relative robot pose by SSS bundle adjustment (BA) with Ceres solver. We use BA for the loop closure constraint of pose-graph SLAM. We used the Incremental Smoothing and Mapping (iSAM) to optimize the graph. The optimized trajectory was compared against the dead reckoning (DR).