The objective of this study was to evaluate the sperm liquid storage diluted with Brine Mineral Water (BMW) in miniature pig. Therefore we performed to find optimal concentration of BMW. The ejaculated semen from miniature pig was collected by gloved-hand method. The collected semen was diluted with dilution solution (Mulberry Ⅲ; modified-Modena B) which BMW was added. Concentration of BMW was 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5% in dilution solution. The diluted semen was preserved at 17℃. Sperm ability was estimated by viability, capacitation acrosome reaction using chlortetracycline (CTC), hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST), morphologic abnormality. The diluted semen was observed for 7 days. The viability was significantly measured higher at 2.5% concentration of BMW than other groups (p<0.05). The AR-pattern of CTC analysis was significantly measured lower at 12.5% concentration of BMW than other groups (p<0.05). However, abnormality was not significantly different among all the groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, viability of sperm was the highest at 2.5% concentration of BMW but BMW had a negative effect on HOST, capacitation and acrosome reaction in sperm of miniature pig.

Risk assessment traditionally are conducted on individual chemicals; however, humans are exposed to multiple chemicals in daily life. The organophosphotus (OP) pesticides are considered in a single risk assessment because they act by a common mechanism of toxicity, and there is likely to be expose to multiple OP pesticides simultaneously or sequentially. The OP pesticides act by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and have available extensive database. AChE is widely distributed droughout the body, most importantly in the nervous system. Inhibition of AChE results in accumulation of acetylcholine in the nervous system that results in clinical signs of cholinergic toxicity, including increased salivation and lacrimation, nausea and vomiting, muscle fasciculation, lethargy and fatigue, among others. To conduct an exposure assessment for pesticides in the diet, we need to know the food consumption patterns of the population, and the pesticide residue levels in the foods that are consumed. This study was conducted to identify cumulative dietary risk due to multiple OP pesticides that can be exposed through various foods. Total 22 food samples including cereals, vegetables and fruits were collected randomly two times from food markets in several sites (4 cities). The subjected foods were selected by regarding of highly consumed foods to general Korean people. The 12 OP pesticides including Acephate, Azinphos-methyl, Chlorpyrifos, and Diazinon were monitored. For the exposure assessment, general adult group of 60 kg body weight was regarded as target population and food consumption data suggested by Lee et al. (2000) were used as consumed value of individual food Analyses of samples for OP pesticides have been carried out according to the multiclass multiresidue analysis method and acephate and methamidophos analysis method of Korea Food Code. In general the levels of OP pesticides found in the food samples were very low or not detected. The detected highest value was 0.282 ppm as methidathion in mandarin and acephate, chlorpyrifos, methamidophos and methidathion were detected in several foods. To quantify simultaneous exposure, toxic equivalency factor of proportionately corresponding potency giving decreased AChE activity on the basis of reference dose 0.3 ㎍/kg/day to the chlorpyrifos was applied. The estimated dietary daily intake of OP pesticide was 4.52 × 10^(-2) ㎍/kg/day as mean value. The hazard index (HI) is the sum for OP pesticides being considered together was 0.15. The HI less than 1 indicates the exposure may be lower than an acceptable level.

This study aimed to analyze socioeconomic effect of eco-friendly free school food supply system by Seoul, which has been consistently extended since 2011. To do so, effect of eco-friendly free school food supply system on the beneficiaries, Seoul citizens, was analyzed by using ‘labor & income panel’, while that on rural society was analyzed by using the surveys on the eco-friendly agricultural product supply performance by the ‘Eco-friendly Agricultural Products Retail Center’ as well as for students, school parents, nutrition teachers and nutritionists. The results of analysis showed that eco-friendly school food supply system contributes to income redistribution among the Seoul citizens to a certain extent, provides the eco-friendly agricultural product producers in the rural society with the stable market, and positively influences them to secure stable incomes. In addition, eco-friendly free school food reduced the amount of carbon emissions through the use of environmentally friendly agricultural products resulting in environmental improvements and economic benefits. Considering such effects, free school food supply using the eco-friendly agricultural products needs to be consistently maintained in the future without politic change by political ideology and to be extended to middle school level in medium and short-term.

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 선수들이 지각하는 코칭행동과 선수만족 그리고 탈진이 성별, 수준(중·고등학교·성인), 경력에 따라 차이가 있는지 확인하고, 지각된 코칭행동, 선수만족 그리고 탈진의 요인 간 관계를 확인하여 중· 고등학교·성인 개인종목 선수들의 차이를 실증적으로 규명하는데 있다. 방법: 개인종목 선수 570명에게 설문지를 배부하였고, 유효한 설문지 540부를 분석에 사용하였다(남성: 325, 여성:215, 평균연령: 17.07세). 설문지 구성 내용은 총 55문항으로, 일반적 특성 5문항, 코칭행동 25문항, 선수만족 10문항, 탈진 15문항으로 구성하였다. 자료 분석은 SPSS23.0과 AMOS 23 프로그램 통해 전산 처리 하였고, 지각된 코칭행동, 선수만족 그리고 탈진이 성별, 연령, 선수경력에 따라 차이가 있는지 t-test와 ANOVA를 실시하였으며, 선수들이 지각한 코칭행동이 선수 만족과 탈진에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위하여 상관관계 분석과 중다회귀 분석을 실시하였다. 결과: 첫째, 지각된 코칭행동, 선수만족, 탈진이 성별, 연령, 선수경력에 따라 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났고, 둘째, 지각된 코칭행동이 선수만족과 탈진에 유의미한 상관이 있으며, 코칭행동의 민주적 행동, 사회적 지지, 훈련 및 지도, 긍정적 보상이 선수만족에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤고, 권위적인 행동과 선수만족이 탈진에 영향력이 있음을 나타냈다. 셋째, 중학교 선수 경우 훈련과 지도, 긍정적 보상에 대한 코칭행동, 고등학교 선수 경우 민주적 행동과 사회적 지지, 성인선수 경우 민주적 행동과 긍정적 보상이 선수만족에 정적 영향을 보였다. 넷째, 중· 고등학교· 성인 모두 탈진에 선수만족과 권위적 행동이 관계가 있음을 나타냈다. 결론: 성, 경력에 따라 지각된 코칭행동과 선수만족 그리고 탈진에 대한 반응은 일부 요인에서 다소 차이를 보였으나 수준에 따른 차이는 대부분 하위요인들에 유의미한 집단 간 차이를 나타냈고, 중·고등학교·성인 모두 선수만족과 코칭행동의 권위적인 행동이 탈진에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 스포츠 현장에서 선수들에게 지각되는 코칭행동이 선수만족과 탈진에 미치는 영향과 선수 특성에 따른 차이를 파악하여 현장에서 지도자가 유용한 자료로 사용할 수 있도록 제안하였다. 이러한 연구결과 토대로 선행연구와 관련지어 심층적으로 논의하였다.