충북 청주지역에서 채집된 작은소피참진드기(Haemaphysalis longicornis)에 대하여 다양한 식물체 메탄올 조추출물과 천궁유래 물질들을 이용하여 살비활성과 기피활성을 조사하였다. 총 24종의 식물추출물을 이용한 작은소피참진드기에 대한 살비활성을 조사한 결과, 천궁(Cnidium officinale)에서 93.3%의 살비율로 가장 높은 활성을 보였으며, 기피 효과의 경우 도라지, 미국자리공, 백목련, 어성초, 천궁, 칡잎 등에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 기피 및 살비활성이 가장 높은 천궁의 메탄올추출물을 용매 분획한 물질들과 천궁 유래물질인 butylidenephthalide 의 활성을 비교한 결과, 헥산(hexane)층 처리 3일 후에 90%의 높은 살비효과를 보였으며 기피반응도 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 천궁 유래물질인 butylidenephthalide은 처리 7일 후에 90%의 살비활성을 보였고 T-tube olfactometer 실험에서 모든 작은소피참진드기가 무처리 구로 이동하여 기피활성이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구결과는 천궁 조추출물과 천궁유래물질인 butylidenephthalide를 이용하여 작은 소피참진드기의 방제 개발에 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

본 연구는 우리나라 일반 농가에서 사육중인 한우 암소 348두의 도체중, 등심단면적, 등지방두께 및 근내지방도에 대하여 EBV(Estimated Breeding Value) 및 GEBV(Genomic Estimated Breeding Value)의 정확도를 비교하였다. EBV 분석은 한우 암소 348두의 혈통정보와 농협경제지주 한우개량사 업소의 당대검정우 및 후대검정우의 혈통정보 및 표현형정보를 이용하여 혈연계수행렬(Numeric Relation Matrix, NRM)을 구축하여 BLUP(Best Linear Unbiased Prediction) 방법으로 분석하였다. GEBV 분석은 표현형정보와 유전체정보가 있는 후대검정우 3,820두를 참조집단으로 이용하여 한우 암소 348두의 SNP 50K 정보와 유전체 혈연 행렬(Genetic Relationship Matrix, GRM)을 구축하여 GBLUP(Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Prediction) 방법으로 분석하였다. 그 결과, 한우 암소 348두 에 대한 EBV 및 GEBV의 정확도 차이는 도체중, 등심단면적, 등지방두께 및 근내지방도에서 GEBV의 정확도가 각각 22.90%, 11.14%, 12.28% 및 8.69% 증가됨을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 유전체 선발 시 육종가 추정의 정확도 증가를 볼 수 있을 것으로 기대되며, 이는 유전체선발을 위한 기초자료로써 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

The virtual reality market is already creating new added value across the industry and it is expected to change the way we live and work. Currently, virtual reality marketing is actively applied to the game industry and marketing methods are diversifying. Moreover, this marketing it will be widely applied in various fields such as medical care, defense, and entertainment in the future. In this paper, we analyze the marketing strategy of virtual reality industry which is expected to grow in the future combined with existing 4P analysis and 4C analysis.

The antimicrobial susceptibility of the 41 Bordetella bronchiseptica isolates was tested by using the Kirby-Bauer agar disk diffusion method. The B. bronchiseptica isolates were found to be sensitive to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (100%), gentamicin (100%), neomycin (100%) and amikacin (97.6%), whereas they were resistant to streptomycin (100%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (100%), penicillin (100%) and ampicillin (97.6%). All the B. bronchiseptica isolates resisted to at least 4 antimicrobial agents and totally 8 different combinations of multiple antibiotic resistance patterns were noted. All of the B. bronchiseptica isolates, except one, were simultaneously resistant to streptomycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, penicillin and ampicillin. The observed antibiotic resistance is not plasmid mediated as plasmids were absent from all the B. bronchiseptica isolates.

This study was conducted to develop and evaluate food safety training program for employees in foodservice operations. The developed CD-ROM was consisted of 5 parts: foodbome illness, personal hygiene, food handling in food production steps, HACCP system, and sanitary facilities. It has made slides for all contents, the animation and movie to raise interests and concentrations, and illustrations and pictures to understand. The evaluation checklists were developed 15 questionnaires including understanding(5), information(3), concentration(4), recommendation(2), and the most important factor(1) and measured by Likert 5-point scale. Fifty-four dietitians in Daegu and Gyeongbuk schools, hospitals, and industries foodservice operations responded to the surveys. The results are as follows; The most important part in the CD-ROM was personal hygiene(33.3%). The total mean was 3.95±0.41, 3.91±0.46 on understanding, 3.89±0.50 on information, 3.87±0.55 on concentration and 4.29±0.49 on recommendation. The score was significantly higher in the recommendation part than others. Overall, as the developed CD-ROM has achieved fine score, a study on the effect of education needs to be followed. Moreover, consistent and organized education by developing a variety of sanitation education methods should be conducted.

This study was conducted to develop and evaluate food menus after investigating eating behaviors and food preferences of preschool children. Parents of the preschool children In 2 Gumi City day-care centers completed questionnaires in July 2003, which were used to assess eating behaviors and food preferences of their preschool children. Analysis of the questionnaires led to the development of the menus. Menus (n=10) were developed for five different categories (two menus were developed for each category) including general menu, unbalanced menu, anemia menu, obese menu, and traditional menu. The preschool children(n=656) evaluated the menus as they were provided with each them throughout October 2003. The five score scale method was used to evaluate taste, smell, looks, texture and general preference of each menu. Results in eating behaviors showed that 70.7% of preschool children had unbalanced eating behaviors. No gender based differences in eating behaviors were found, but in regard to food preferences boys tended to prefer carbonated drinks more than girls. Results indicated that among all menus, fruit ranked highest (3.97±0.65) for food preference, and vegetables ranked lowest for food preference (2.46±0.68). Food preference in regard to cooking process indicated the highest preference was for fried foods (3.80±0.68) and the lowest preference was for raw vegetables (2.61±1.27) and namul (2.85±1.13). Preference for taste ranked the highest (4.30±0.91) but preference for looks recorded the lowest (3.95±0.89). Of all the foods in the menus, steamed tofu rated the highest for individual food item preference, while tuna sesame leaf rice rated the lowest preference. Statistical analysis of interrelationships among food taste, smell, looks, texture and general preference were significant (p〈0.0l). Results from this study suggest that various factors including food taste, smell, looks, and texture influence the food preferences of preschool children. Therefore, it is concluded that by developing a variety of appetizing menus for use at home and in day-care centers, containing varied food items and cooking methods, preschool children will be encouraged to increase their food preferences and to establish appropriate eating behaviors.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of personal and job characteristics on the organizational commitment and job satisfaction of dietitians employed in different foodservice settings. The subjects were dietitians(n=830) employed by schools, hospitals, and industries in Daegu Gyeongbuk area. A questionnaire was used to determine personal and job characteristics, commitment and satisfaction. Organizational commitment scores were the highest for hospital dietitians, and the lowest for industry dietitians (p<0.05). Industry dietitians felt significantly less loyal to their organizations than did the other dietitians(p<0.05). School and hospital dietitians were significantly more likely to say they cared about the fate of their organizations and thought their organizations were the best to work for. Age, education, length of employment, and wages were positively associated with hospital dietitians' commitment(p<0.05). For all dietitians, the fewer the work hours, the higher the commitment(p<0.05). When asked to rate their satisfaction with various aspects of their jobs, dietitians expressed the most satisfaction with co-workers, and the least satisfaction with promotion opportunities. School dietitians were significantly less satisfied with pay and promotion than were the other dietitians. Organizational commitment was associated with wages(0.05), autonomy(0.08), feedback(0.16), dealings with others(0.07), and task identity(0.09). Job satisfaction was affected by educational level(-0.13), wages(0.10), autonomy(0.18), friendship opportunities(0.14), feedback(0.16), task identity(-0.11) and organizational commitment(0.40) (Lisrel program).

본 연구는 교사연구로서 교사 전문성과 깊은 관련이 있는 내용교수 지식(PCK; Pedagogical Content Knowledge)를 소개하고, 비원어민 교사의 PCK 특징을 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 한국교육과정평가원(KICE)에서 개발한 범교과별 내용교수지식 분석 틀을 한국어 교육에 맞게 수정하여 분석준거를 마련하였다. 연구 대상은 KFL 상황인 중국에서 한국어를 가르치고 있는 한족 교사 1인(A교사)과 조선족 교사 1인(B교사)이며, 수업녹음, 강의안, 학습 보조자료 및 두 차례에 걸친 면담 내용을 종합하여 교사별 PCK 특징을 살펴보았다. 그리고 두 교사의 PCK를 분석해 본 결과 교수학습 방법 면보다는 교과 내용 재구성 부분이 잘 나타났다. 또한 학습자 간의 차이를 고려한 수업은 이루어지지 않았지만, 비원어민 교사로서 학습자 배경을 반영한 학습은 긍정적으로 나타났다. 두 교사의 차이점으로는 한족인 A교사와 조선족인 B교사가 인식하는 ‘한국어’에 대한 인식은 다르게 나타났으며, 이러한 인식 차이는 학습자에게도 영향을 미친다고 할 수 있겠다. 또한 두 교사의 학습 목표 설정에 따른 교과 내용 구성은 교사 개개인의 지식, 학습 경험 등을 통합하여 교사만의 레퍼토리를 중심으로 구성하기에 다르게 나타남을 알 수 있다.

본 연구의 목적은 초등학교 음악과 창작지도의 문제점을 파악하여 창작 학습을 위한 웹 코스웨어를 개발하고 현장에 적용하여 그 효과를 알아보는데 있다. 이를 위해 초등학교 4학년 음악과 교육과정의 창작학습내용을 분석하고 단계별 지도 내용을 선정하여 창작학습 웹 코스웨어를 개발하였다. 또한 충청북도 소재 초등학교 4학년 2개 학급 각 30명을 실험집단과 통제집단으로 선정하고 실험집단은 음악 창작 웹 코스웨어로 수업을 실시하고 통제집단은 전통적인 방식의 수업을 실시한 후 그 결과를 분석하였다. 연구결과, 음악과 창작학습 웹 코스웨어를 활용한 수업의 경우, 학생들의 리듬 짓기 능력, 가락 짓기 능력이 신장 되었으며, 창작학습태도에도 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 음악과 창작 웹 코스웨어는 음악 창작능력에 효과적이며 창작 학습에 대한 태도를 변화시켜 흥미와 자신감을 갖게 하므로 창작에 처음 입문하는 학생들에게 매우 유용한 학습자료로 활용 가능하다.