We conducted an on-site application study at the livestock cooperative fertilizer plant to compare the composting period, temperature change, moisture content, and chemical properties between livestock manure compost using sawdust as a moisture regulator with those using spent oyster mushroom substrate. The composting period, moisture content, and fertilizer composition of compost containing spent oyster mushroom substrate did not differ from that of conventional compost mixed with sawdust after the first and second fermentation and post-maturation stages, it was suitable as a material for manufacturing livestock manure compost. The spent oyster mushroom substrate also lower the production cost of livestock manure compost by replacing the more expensive sawdust. The developed technology is expected to contribute towards the utilization of by-products of the oyster mushroom harvest while simultaneously producing high quality livestock manure compost.

벗초파리기생벌인 A. japonica의 벗초파리 유충의 발육단계에 따른 기생특성과 기생당한 유충과 번데기에서 형태적인 차이를 조사하였다. 또한 A. japonica의 우화기간이 벗초파리 우화일수 보다 더 소요되는 것을 확인하였다. A. japonica는 벗초파리 유충에 효과적인 기생 및 살충 효과를 나타내었으며 벗초파리 방제를 위한 천적으로 활용이 가능할 것으로 보인다.

Recently, many researchers make a great effort to develop high efficient marine diesel engines using low grade heavy oil, and also study substitution fuel oil for engines and boilers. In case of Fisheries Vessels, we need to know that fish oil can be substituted for fuel oil. Therefore, it is studied that evaporation, ignition and combustion phenomena of the single droplet of fish oils (i.e., Sardine fish oil, File fish oil and Alaska pollac oil) on heated plane surface to evaluate appropriateness as substitution oil. Methanol and light oil are tested simultaneously to help the evaluation on these Fish oils. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The type of evaporation and combustion is spherical evaporation in case of methanol and light oil. And fish oil blended with light oil was finished after spherical evaporation happen when high temperature. 2. Ignition of Pure fish oil was shorter than that of fish oil blended with light oil. 3. Heat transferred to droplet could make qualitative comparison by contact diameter of droplet with hot surface as time changes. Life time of droplet according to the change of heated surface temperature was greatly influenced by droplet contact condition on the heated surface. 4. As far as combustion phenomena was concerned, apparent diameter of the fish oil droplet increased after ignition and decreased suddenly by internal boiling of droplet. 5. Three fish oils had similar phenomena on the evaporation, ignition and combustion. 6. Evaporation and combustion feature of fish oil could not be shown by coefficient of evaporation velocity of droplet and coefficient of combustion velocity of droplet.

In order to understand and explain the spary combustion, it was necessary to understand the disintegration mechanisms of liquid jet. To understand the disintegration mechanisms of liquid jet, the disintegration phenomena and uniform droplet production regions of testing liquid jet was investigated by means of longitudinally vibration capillary nozzle, which was injected the testing liquids. The testing liquids were light oil and light oil and light oil blended with 25wt% fish oil (File fish oil, Sardine fish oil, Alaska pollac oil) The results can be summarized as follows: 1. The uniform droplet phenomena have been changed according to the frequency of capillary tube, the jet velocity and physical properties of testing oils. 2. Within the region of uniform droplet, Reynold number was increased as Weber number increases. 3. The lower limit of wave length in which uniform droplet was produced 0.8d which was lower than Rayleigh wave length 4. The light oil blended with file fish oil which has lower viscosity and surface tension had the widest uniform droplet production region on the frequency and velocity among testing oils. But light oil blended with sardine fish oil were similar with light oil in the uniform production region.

In this paper, to percuss whether fish oil can substitute for marine fuel oil, the characteristics on the evaporation and ignition of 3 fish oils, Sardine oil, File fish oil and Alaska pollac oil, were investigated experimentally by suspending single fish oil droplel in hot atmosphere, and experiments on methanol and light oil were also carried out to compare the characteristics. The results abtained are summarized as follow; 1) Evaporation and ignition phenomena on the methanol and light oil by the present experimental method agreeded with the results of the earlier investigation. 2) The characteristic on evaporation and ignition of all 3 fish oils took the same pattern; in late stage of evaporation at atmospheric Temperature 550℃ droplet rapidly expanded and contracted, and then remained solid corbide, but in case of 650℃ rapidly expanded and ignitied, and then completly burned non-remained solid carbide. 3) As fish oil mixed with light oil (50% weight), in beginning stage of evaporation droplet depended on the characteristics of light oil, but in end stage depended on fish oil. 4) Ignition temperature of fish oil droplets was about 470℃, higher than about 250℃ of light oil, but atmospheric temperature to ignite droplet was about 650℃, lower than about 750℃ of light oil.

유한요소법에 의한 고체내부 사각열원 주위 열전도특성은 실험에서 구한 결과와 거의 일치하였으며 열전도특성을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 사각열원의 중심거리 이동에 따른 열전도에 미치는 중심방향의 영향은 열원 사이의 거리가 가까울수록 낮은 온도분포를 보이며 x=16cm 일 때 model 4에서 θ=0.698 model 3에서는 θ=0.401이다. 그리고 내부로 감에 따라 그 차는 감소한다. x=40cm에서 model 4은 θ=0.907이고 model 6은 θ=0.895이다. 2. 높이방향의 영향은 공기와 접하므로 대류현상이 일어나므로 열원의 크기를 벗어나는 구역은 model 1~3에서는 y=8~12cm model 4~6에서는 y=4~8cm이다. 그리고 두 곳의 온도의 차는 θ≒0.009이다. 3. 열전도도의 변화에 따른 열전도의 영향은 그 값이 클수록 강하게 나타나며 model 2에 대해서 높이 방향의 전 경계에 대한 무차원온도의 변동은 k=7 일 때 θ=0.079~0.054 k=0.3일 때 θ=0.0036~0.0025의 값을 나타낸다

‘Hyangdreamchal’, a new early maturing, aromatic and glutinous rice variety was developed by the crop breeding team of Crop Research & Development Division, GARES, Hwaseong, Korea in 2012. ‘Hyangdreamchal’ was derived from a cross between ‘Jinbuchal’ and ‘Miyakaori’ in 2001. This variety headed on July 28 which was 14 days earlier than ‘Hwaseongbyeo’ in Gyeonggi Province. It showed resistance to lodging with strong culm. It's culm length and panicle length were 71 cm and 20 cm, respectively. This variety has 13 tillers per hill and 92 spikelets per panicle. It was medium grain variety and 1,000 grain weight of brown rice was 20.1g. Its cold tolerance was stronger than ‘Hwaseongbyeo’ however it was susceptible to blast virus disease, bacterial leaf blight and insect pest. The milled rice of ‘Hyangdreamchal’ had a glutinous and aromatic endosperm. The yield potential of ‘Hyangdreamchal’ in milled rice was 4.15 MT/ha under the ordinary culture of the local adaptability test in 4 areas of Gyeonggi Province for three years. This variety would be adaptable to the Gyeonggi Province. (품종보호번호 : 제5568호)