This study examined the actual condition of middle school students’ dining out based on the data of the 2016 youth food behavior inquiry data of the Korea Rural Economic Institute. The eating out behavior of 278 middle school students’ according to gender, average eating-out cost per person, average monthly eating out cost per person, weekly frequency of breakfast, and dietary information source were calculated into a chi-square value by cross analysis. The main results of this study are as follows. First, in middle school students’ eating-out status, most students answered ‘eating out’, and the highest frequency of eating out was 1~3 times a week. The reason for eating out was ‘to enjoy delicious food’, and ‘costly price’ was the most common reason for not eating out. Food taste was the most common standard for selecting eating out, and a restaurant was the most common place to eat out. The main restaurant was the ‘snack bar (kimbap specialized store)’. Second, there was no significant difference in all items of eating-out status according to the gender. A significant difference in eating out frequency was observed according to average eating-out cost per once (p< .001), standard for selecting eating out (p< .001), main eating out places (p< .001), and main restaurants (p< .01). There was a significant difference in the frequency of eating out (p< .001) in the eating-out status according to average eating out cost per month. Third, the eatingout status according to the breakfast frequency of middle school students had a significant difference in the reason for eating out (p< .001). The eating-out status according to the dietary information source of middle school students had a significant difference in eating out or not (p< .05) and the frequency of eating out (p< .05). These results highlight the importance of school diet education so that middle school students can achieve healthy eating habits and plan to increase their interest and utilization of school dietary education.

This study was conducted to optimize the level of sugar added (20 (control), 15, 10, 5%) during the preparation of soy sauce-salted mushrooms (Pleurotus eryngii) jangachi without affecting the degree of preference. The salinity and sugar content during storage of soy sauce-salted mushrooms (Pleurotus eryngii) jangachi decreased significantly as the level of sugar added decreased. The moisture content was found to increase as the level of sugar added decreased. Additionally, the pH increased, while hardness decreased as the level of sugar added decreased during 3 weeks of storage. The L value (lightness) was not different from that of the control group until the addition of 10% sugar, while the a value (redness) and b value (yellowness) increased. The antioxidant activity of vitamin C content and DPPH radical scavenging activity increased as sugar content decreased. Upon sensory evaluation of mushrooms (Pleurotus eryngii) jangachi, the highest value in appearance was observed for the 5 and 15% treatments, while 5% had the highest flavor value, 15 and 10% had the highest taste values, 10 and 15% had the highest texture values, the control and 5% had the greatest clarification values, and the 15 and 10% groups had the greatest overall acceptance. These results suggest that a sugar level of 15% can be used without significantly affecting the overall acceptance.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the eating habits and nutritional knowledge of elementary school students in regards to seafood in school meals. More than 80.6% of elementary school students reported an ‘average’ preference for seafood. While ‘taste’ and ‘healthy food’ were common reasons to prefer marine products, ‘unpleasant taste and smell’ was a common reason not to prefer seafood. Students in general stated ‘eating if possible’ as their attitude towards seafood in school meals, 38.1% responded ‘eating all’ as their intake level. There was a significant difference between preference for seafood by gender [boys, 3.44; girls, 3.64 (P<0.01)]. Also, students significantly difference preferred some types of seafood over others. The students who enjoyed eating seafood had more regular and balanced diets and a better attitude toward dietary life and health than did the counterparts who did not prefer seafood. A significant difference (P<0.05) in knowledge existed according to gender; girls had a higher level of knowledge than did boys.

This study was conducted to improve the kimchi intake for high school students of various kimchi sub-ingredients and foods using kimchi. The students believed that kimchi is good for health. The overall satisfaction, baechu quality and the taste and degree of fermentation of kimchi was high, but there was a low preference for offered kimchi kinds, kimchi subingredient, foods using kimchi. The types of kimchi preferred and often offered in school meals were baechu-kimchi and kkakdugi. The common kimchi sub-ingredients were radish and welsh onion in vegetables, squid and oyster in sea foods, saeu-jeot and myeolchi-jeot in salted fish, and pear and apple in fruits. The preference for kimchi sub-ingredients were high for sesame leaf and yeolmu in vegetables, saeu-sal and squid in sea foods, saeu-jeot and nakji-jeot in salted fish, and pear and apple in fruits. The foods using kimchi preferred and often offered with school meals were kimchi-jjigae, bokkeumkimchi, kimchi soup, kimchi-bokkeum-bap, and kimchi-jeon. The kimchi sub-ingredient for which students had the greatest preference was meats. Among the foods using kimchi with meats, the most preferred were kimchi-pyeonyuk bossam, doejigogi kimchi duruchigi, and kimchi galbi-jjim. Among the foods using kimchi with noodles, the most preferred were kimchi- bibimmyeon, kimchi -naengmyeon, and kimchi-cheese spaghetti. Among the foods using kimchi with vegetables, the most preferred were kimchi-pa-jeon, kimchi- deopbap and kimchi- goguma gui. Of the foods using kimchi with processed foods, the most preferred were kimchi-mandu, kimchi-bacon jumeok-bap and kimchi- cheese omelet. Among the foods using kimchi containing sea food, kimchi-haemul bokkeum-bap, kimchi-hoe-deopbap, and kimchi-saeu-jjim were most preferred. Overall, these results suggest that various kimchi sub-ingredients and foods using kimchi should be improved for kimchi intake of school meals.

단무지 제조 과정 중 탈염 공정이 단무지에 물리화학적 및 관능적 특성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 4가지의 소금농도(5, 10, 15, 20%)에서 3개월간 염장한 후 무우의 소금 농도, Ca 함량, 텍스쳐 및 관능적 성질을 25℃에서 탈염기간에 따라 조사하였다. 무우 중 소금농도는 탈염시간이 증가함에 따라, 염장농도가 낮을수록 급격히 감소하여 소금농도의 감소와 탈염시간의 대수값 간에는 직선적인 관계가 성립되었으며, Ca 함량도 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 무우 조직의 견고성은 탈염시간이 증가할수록 견고성도 증가하여 일반적인 김치류 실험과는 상이한 결과를 보였다. 또한 관능적 특성 비교결과 짠맛, 짠냄새 그리고 신맛, 신냄새가 탈염기간 중 감소하였고, 군덕내 및 맛은 거의 변화가 없었으나 염장 농도가 높을수록 그 강도가 매우 낮았다. 덱스쳐 중 사각사각한 성질은 5, 20%염장농도에서 탈염 2일째까지 증가한 후 감소하였고 10% 염장농도에서는 계속 감소한 반면, 15% 염장농도에서는 계속 증가하였다. 따라서 종합적인 기호도 측면에서 보면 탈염 3일째의 염장농도 20% 단무지를 가장 선호하는 것으로 나타났다.

한국과 일본으로부터 주류용 종국 19종을 시료로 수집하여 이로부터 국균곰팡이 31 strain을 분리하였다. 분리된 곰팡이를 동정한 후에 각 strain으로 쌀코지를 제조하여 당화력, 호정화력, 단백질분해력, 산생성력, 갈변 및 향을 조사하였다. 분리된 31 strain을 동정한 결과 10 strain Asp. awamori var. kawachill로, 18 strain은 Asp. oryzae로, 3 strain은 Asp. usamii mut. shirousamii로 동정되었다. 한국에서 생산된 종국은 단일 species에 단일 strain으로 된 곰팡이로 이루어져 있었으나 일본에서 생산된 종국은 서로 다른 두 species의 혼합 또는 같은 species내의 서로 다른 2∼4개의 strain의 혼합으로 이루어져 있었다. 전분 분해능력과 단백질 분해능력를 기준으로 하여 Species 별로 판단한다면 Asp. awamori var. kawachii H1, I1 및 J1, Asp. oryzae J2, L2, M2, P3 및 P4, 그리고 Asp. usamii mut. shirousamii S1이 나머지 strain들 보다 더 좋았다. 한국의 종국에서 분리된 곰팡이들이 일본의 종국에서 분리된 곰팡이들보다 전분 분해력이나 단백질 분해력이 훨씬 낮았다. 3종의 국균 곰팡이에 대힌 대표적인 특성은 Asp. awamori var. kawachii는 산생성능력은 강하나 전분 분해력과 단백질 분해력이 약하고, Asp. oryzae는 전분 분해력이 강하고 향이 좋으나 산을 거의 생산하지 못하며, Asp. usamii mut. shirousamii 단백질 분해력이 강하나 향이 좋지 않은 점이었다.