PURPOSES : This study aimed to develop data conversion of NGII HD maps to OpenDRIVE format for virtual road implementation for autonomous-driving verification. METHODS : A method of defining the reference line of OpenDRIVE on the centerline of an NGII HD map is proposed. According to the construction characteristics of the NGII HD map, the optimal conversion method through parametric cubic polynomials was used in the form of piecewise and clamped cubic polynomials. RESULTS : The study focused on curved roads that may cause problems when converting HD map data into OpenDRIVE formats. As a result of data conversion, a reference line was defined to precisely follow the alignment of NGII HD maps drawn based on MMS data, and a lively virtual road was reproduced through road lane width and lane expression. CONCLUSIONS : A virtual road in the same environment as a real road, which is one of the important factors in verifying autonomous driving technology through virtual driving simulation, was constructed. The piecewise-polynomial normal was 0.008 m on average, and as a result of calculating the distance between the endpoint coordinates of the road object and the endpoint coordinates of the converted road object on the NGII HD map, the difference between the two points was 0.163 m on average. The clamped cubic polynomials normal was observed to be an average of 0.170 m.

COVID-19 대유행으로 인해 병원, 진료소, 검역소 및 의료 연구 기관을 포함한 의료 시설에서 매일 수많은 의료 폐기물이 발생함에 따라 의료폐기물 처리가 심각한 문제가 되고 있다. 이전에는 전통적인 소각방법이 사용되었지만 매립지 부족 및 관련 환경 문제로 인 해 공중 보건이 위험에 처해 있다. 이런 문제를 극복하기 위해 멸균분쇄용 파쇄기를 개발하였다. 본 연구에서는 유해 및 감염성 의료폐 기물에 대한 작동 성능을 결정하기 위해 분쇄용 파쇄 시스템의 설계 및 수치해석을 수행하였다. 파쇄기의 부품은 CAD 소프트웨어를 이용하여 모델링하였으며, ABAQUS를 사용하여 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. 정적, 동적 및 피로하중 조건 하에서 파쇄기 절단 날의 해석을 수행하였으며, 의료 폐기물을 분쇄하는데 필요한 절단력을 기반으로 절단 날의 형상이 효과적임을 입증하였다. 모달 해석을 통해 구조물의 동적 안정성을 검증하였다. 또한, 절단 날의 수명을 예측하기 위해 고주기 피로해석을 통해 S-N 선도를 생성하였다. 이 를 통해 적절한 분쇄용 파쇄 시스템이 멸균 장치와 통합되도록 설계하여 의료 폐기물의 양과 처리 시간을 줄임으로써 환경 문제와 잠 재적인 건강 위험을 극복하는 방안을 제시하였다.

A sediment control dam is an artificial structure built to prolong sedimentation in the main dam by reducing the inflow of suspended solids. These dams can affect changes in dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the water body by changing the river flow regime. The main DOM component for Yeongju Dam sediment control of the Naeseongcheon River was analyzed through 3D excitation-emission matrix (EEM) and parallel factor (PARAFAC) analyses. As a result, four humic-like components (C1~C3, C5), and three proteins, tryptophan-like components (C2, C6~C7) were detected. Among DOM components, humic-like components (autochthonous: C1, allochthonous: C2~C3) were found to be dominant during the sampling period. The total amount of DOM components and the composition ratio of each component did not show a difference for each depth according to the amount of available light (100%, 12%, and 1%). Throughout the study period, the allochthonous organic matter was continuously decomposing and converting into autochthonous organic matter; the DOM indices (fluorescence index, humification index, and freshness index) indicated the dominance of autochthonous organic matter in the river. Considering the relative abundance of cyanobacteria and that the number of bacteria cells and rotifers increased as autochthonous organic matter increased, it was suggested that the algal bloom and consequent activation of the microbial food web was affected by the composition of DOM in the water body. Research on DOM characteristics is important not only for water quality management but also for understanding the cycling of matter through microbial food web activity.

In this study, indoor air quality indices (IAQI-C and IAQI-E) were developed for child care centers and elderly care centers based on health effects, and compared to the air quality index (CAI) for outdoor atmosphere. In addition, composite indices that integrate individual indices for each pollutant were developed to quickly and conveniently recognize the current air quality. Among all data, 71.2% and 35.6% belonged to the grades 'Good' and 'Moderate' for child care centers and elderly care centers, respectively. This assessment is more stringent than the CAI's criteria.

To understand how to efficiently observe the biomass and community of phytoplankton, phytoplankton sampling was carried out from June to October 2019 at the Yeongju dam sediment control reservoir (YJ) and Bohyeonsan dam reservoir (BH1 and BH2). The results derived from microscopic observation, such as the conventional phytoplankton qualitative/quantitative analysis, and from the CHEMTAX method based on the pigments, were compared. The relative contribution of phytoplankton, calculated by the microscopy and CHEMTAX methods, showed a significant difference in all four classes: cryptophyta, chlorophyta, cyanobacteria, and diatoms. In addition, the correlation between the two observation methods was poor. This might be caused by methodological differences in microscopy that do not consider the varying cell sizes among phytoplankton species. In this study, by converting the cells into carbon, the slope between both carbon biomasses based on microscopy and CHEMTAX was improved close to the 1 : 1 line, and the y-intercept was closer to 0 for cryptophyta and diatoms. For cyanobacteria, the slope increased, the y-intercept decreased, and the plot approached 1 : 1 although the correlation coefficients were not improved in all classes. The present study suggests that application of CHEMTAX based on pigment analysis could be a possible approach to efficiently determine the relative carbon proportions of individual classes of phytoplankton community composition.

Yogurt is mostly consumed dairy food and considered as a nutritious food because of its probiotics such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB). LABs are known to possess antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and antimicrobial effects. Corni fructus has healthy and pharmacological effects such as the inhibition of apidogenesis and angiopoiesis. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of yogurt supplemented with water and ethanol extracts of corni fructus. Yogurt was manufactured with addition of 0.1%-0.2% (w/v) water or ethanol corni fructus extracts, respectively. For quality characteristics, pH, chromaticity, viscosity and syneresis were determined during refrigeration storage (1, 7, 14, and 21 day). For antioxidant activities, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activities were examined during storage. The pH showed no significant difference between groups but showed decreasing pattern for all groups during storage period. In chromaticity, redness increased, and lightness decreased as the amount of corni furctus extracts increases. Yogurt with corni furctus ethanol extracts showed more color changes than yogurt with corni furctus water extracts. Viscosity increased in corni furctus extract added groups, compared to control. Syneresis was approximately 2-fold higher in corni fructus extract added groups, while there were no significant changes between control and extract added groups. Both DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were significantly higher than control group in corni fructus extract added groups, compared to control. In conclusion, addition of corni fructus extracts in yogurt improved quality characteristics during storage and antioxidant properties.

본 연구에서는 비용매 유도 상분리법을 이용하여 폴리에테르이미드 계열의 중공사형 분리막을 제조하였다. 제조 된 중공사막의 모폴로지 조절을 위해 첨가제로는 THF, Ethanol, LiNO3를 사용하였다. 또한 높은 수소분리막의 개발을 위해 모폴로지와 기체투과성능을 특성평가를 통해 방사조건을 최적화하였다. 그 결과 THF의 함량이 증가할수록 수소/이산화탄소 선택도가 증가하였다. 하지만 trade-off 관계로 인하여 투과율은 감소하였다. Ethanol을 첨가하였을 때는 finger-like 구조를 나타냈고, LINO3를 첨가하였을 때 Sponge 구조를 보였다. 특히, PDMS 코팅층을 최적화한 중공사막의 경우, 투과율은 40 GPU, 수소/이산화탄소 선택도는 5.6을 나타냈다.

본 연구에서는 낮은 막 저항을 가지는 알칼리 수전해 시스템 적용을 위한 격리막 제조를 위하여 PPS (Polyphenylene sulfide)를 지지체로 사용하고 Polysulfone과 무기물 첨가제를 이용하여 격리막을 제조한 뒤, 지지체의 두께와 다공도에 대한 영향을 분석하였다. 지지체로 사용된 PPS 펠트를 온도(100°C, 150°C, 200°C)와 압력(1톤, 2톤, 3톤, 5톤)의 변수를 두어 압축을 진행 하여 두께를 조절하고자 하였으며, 무기입자로서 친수성이 높고 내알칼리성이 뛰어난 BaTiO3와 ZrO2를 사용하여 polysulfone과 함께 슬러리를 제조하고 압축한 PPS 펠트 위에 캐스팅하여 다공성 격리막을 제조할 수 있었다. 전자주사현미경(SEM)을 통해 압축 조건에 따른 분리막의 모폴로지 변화를 확인하고, 기공도를 계산하였으며, 압축 조건이 증가할수록 두께와 기공도가 감소하는 경향을 확인하였다. 수전해용 격리막으로서 사용이 가능한지를 확인하기 위하여 다양한 특성 평가를 진행하였다. 기계적강도를 측정한 결과 압축 조건(온도와 압력)이 증가할수록 인장강도가 점차 증가하는 경향을 확인하였다. 최종적으로 내알칼리성 테스트 를 통하여 제조한 다공성 격리막이 우수한 내알칼리성을 가지는 것을 확인하였고, I-V 테스트를 통하여 100°C와 150°C 조건에서 압축된 막들이 기존의 압축하지 않은 막보다 낮은 전압을 가지며 성능이 향상되었다는 것을 확인하였다.