The mock-up test was carried out to evaluate applicability of unmanned coating method to prevent asbestos scattering from fiber insulation board in same vibration condition of school. Fiber insulation boards were cut into uniform size and attached in checker figure. Bang machine and rubber hammer were used to scatter asbestos sufficiently. Sodium silicate was used as a asbestos scattering inhibitor. The asbestos concentration was counted by PCM (Phase Contrast Microscope) and TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope). Asbestos concentration was 0.014 (1st day) and 0.021 (14th day) f/cm3, respectively in case of without coating. Asbestos concentration was 0.006 (1st day) and 0.008 (14th day) f/cm3, respectively in case of unmanned coating method. It was satisfied the standard of asbestos concentration in indoor air quality management law. So unmanned coating method was applicable to prevent asbestos scattering from fiber insulation board in buildings.

Life Cycle Assessment(LCA) has been carried out to evaluate the environmental impacts of glass bottle recycle. The LCA consists of four stages such as Goal and Scope Definition, Life Cycle Inventory(LCI) Analysis, Life Cycle Impact Assessment(LCIA), and Interpretation. The LCI analysis showed that the major input materials were water, materials, sand, and crude oil, whereas the major output ones were wastewater, CO2, and non-hazardous wastes. The LCIA was conducted for the six impact categories including 'Abiotic Resource Depletion', 'Acidification', 'Eutrophication', 'Global Warming', 'Ozone Depletion', and 'Photochemical Oxidant Creation'. As for Abiotic Resource Depletion, Acidification, and Photochemical Oxidant Creation, Bunker fuel oil C and LNG were major effects. As for Eutrophication, electricity and Bunker fuel oil C were major effects. As for Global Warming, electricity and LNG were major effects. As for Ozone Depletion, plate glasses were major effects. Among the six categories, the biggest impact potential was found to be Global Warming as 97% of total, but the rest could be negligible.

Cervical epidural injection is a common treatment for management of neck, shoulder, and upper extremity pain. Although several complications are possible, cardiopulmonary arrest and intraventricular pneumocephalus are rare serious complications, mainly occurring when the dura has been punctured. We report on a case of cardiopulmonary arrest and intraventricular pneumocephalus after cervical epidural injection with loss of resistance technique using air. After performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation for 30 minutes, a pulse was regained; however, the patient’s mental status was coma. Despite receiving conservative treatment, the patient ultimately died without recovery of consciousness.

The present study was conducted to judge the applicability of field quality control by children's goods manufacturers by assessing the contents of heavy metals such as Pb and Cd in outdoor play goods for children through measurement using Portable XRF and comparing the results through detailed analyses using ICP. Heavy metal contents of 711 part samples of 505 products were measured using XRF. According to the results, the ratio of products that exceeded the Pb and Cd content standards specified under the Quality Management and Safety Control of Industrial Products Act were 2.4% and 2.6%. Many products certified for self-regulated safety exceeded the standards and thus it was considered that harmful chemical material centered safety management systems would be necessary. Detailed ICP analyses of some products were compared and the results showed deviations of 0.9～80.8% from XRF results. The reasons for this are deviations in the characteristics of measured cross sections and the homogeneity of samples resulting from sample preparation methods, etc. Therefore, it is considered that field quality control will be applicable if measuring methods are efficiently established based on product characteristics and calibration curve preparation methods are established through quality control.

Recently, the number of jellyfish has been rapidly grown because of the global warming, the increase of marine structures, pollution, and etc. The increased jellyfish is a threat to the marine ecosystem and induces a huge damage to fishery industries, seaside power plants, and beach industries. To overcome this problem, a manual jellyfish dissecting device and pump system for jellyfish removal have been developed by researchers. However, the systems need too many human operators and their benefit to cost is not so good. Thus, in this paper, the design, implementation, and experiments of autonomous jellyfish removal robot system, named JEROS, have been presented. The JEROS consists of an unmanned surface vehicle (USV), a device for jellyfish removal, an electrical control system, an autonomous navigation system, and a vision-based jellyfish detection system. The USV was designed as a twin hull-type ship, and a jellyfish removal device consists of a net for gathering jellyfish and a blades-equipped propeller for dissecting jellyfish. The autonomous navigation system starts by generating an efficient path for jellyfish removal when the location of jellyfish is received from a remote server or recognized by a vision system. The location of JEROS is estimated by IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) and GPS, and jellyfish is eliminated while tracking the path. The performance of the vision-based jellyfish recognition, navigation, and jellyfish removal was demonstrated through field tests in the Masan and Jindong harbors in the southern coast of Korea.

In this study, Life Cycle Assessment(LCA) has been carried out to evaluate the environmental impacts of a metallic can. A 360 mL volume of an aluminum can bottle was used as the functional unit. The results of Life Cycle Inventory(LCI) showed that iron ore and coal were the major parts of the input materials, whereas aluminum can products, carbon dioxide, wastewater, and hazardous wastes were those of the output ones. According to LCA weighting, it was observed that the most significant impact potential was found to be global warming(49.11%) followed by abiotic resource depletion(47.72%). In the whole system, cold rolled steel coil showed the largest environmental impact potential(86%), followed by electricity(14%). Meanwhile, lubricating oil and industrial water had the minor portion of the total environmental impact potentials. It was suggested that the use of cold rolled steel and electricity should be the main source for CO2, resulting in the big impact on global warming.

This study was conducted to estimate the distribution characteristics and budget of organic matter in the Lake Hapcheon. In the dry season, the concentration ranges of organic carbons were similar, but in the rainfall season, it showed about double concentrations. Changes of vertical water quality in the lake, there were no big differences with the concentration by the depth. However, it tends to be relatively high on the surface, a little low on the mid-depth and high in the lake bottom. DOC rate at TOC, it was lower than POC rate at inflow and DOC rate was higher than POC rate in the lake and discharging water. R-DOC accounted for more 80% of DOC rate in all investigated areas, therefore we judge that this R-DOC is to increase the organic carbon pollution gradually. As the result of the calculated organic carbon budget in the Lake Hapcheon, the amount of allochthonous, autochthonous and release were 3,552, 3,288, 228 tonC/year, respectively. the amount of discharge, decomposition and sedimentation were 504, 1,344, 5,520 tonC/year, respectively. According to this investigation, the changed amount of organic matter in the Lake Hapcheon recorded -300 tonC/year with the increase of 7,068 tonC/year and the decrease of 7,368 tonC/year.

본 연구에서는 온라인게임산업의 선도기업인 "엔씨소프트"의 혁신역량을 혁신경로 창출능력의 관점에서 핵심기술 관리역량 6개 지표, 연계/통합 역량 4개 지표, 기술혁신 전략수립/정책대응 역량 3개 지표를 토대로 분석하였다. 각 부분별 이 기업의 대표적 강점으로는 핵심기술관리의 측면에서 글로벌 선도게임개발에 대한 지속적인 R&D투자, 연계/통합전략의 측면에서 해외 R&D인력과 스튜디오에 대한 적극적 투자와 M&A전략, 그리고 기술전략/정책 부문에서 글로벌 기술리더십의 확보를 들 수 있었다. 반면 보완이 필요한 부분으로 핵심기술관리 측면에서 개방형/가치창출형 지식재산관리전략으로 전환과 중장기적인 원천기술개발에 대한 투자 증대, 연계/통합전략 측면에서 공공부문 R&D기관과의 상생적 보완/협력방안 마련 및 국내와 해외 스튜디오 간 신기술 지식 교류 활성화 전략 수립의 필요 그리고 기술전략/정책 부문에서 새로운 사회적 가치를 제공하는 기능성 게임에 대한 투자 증대를 꼽을 수 있었다. 이와 같은 선도기업의 분석결과는 업계 전반의 발전전략 수립에도 시사점을 지닌다고 할 수 있다.

Quality test for activated carbon(AC) filter used for drinking water purifier is now an obligatory test and the standard material for valid purifying amount in water purifier performance test has been changed from residual chlorine to chloroform according to the notice of Ministry of Environment in 2006. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the ingredients of AC filters by confirming chloroform removal rate of AC filter and conducting 4 adsorption tests (Iodine, methylene blue decolorization, phenol value, ABS value) for AC filters provided by manufacturers. With water pressure of 1 kgf/cm2, 1,500 liters of prepared inflow went through to check chloroform removal rate. As a result, product with removal rate of below 60% from all products. On the other hand, 4 adsorption tests were conducted for filters in the market and filters from manufacturers. None of the products satisfied all 4 tests. In particular, they showed great shortage to the standard in phenol value and ABS value test. However, manufacturers' filter showed much better performance than filters in the market. Also, the result of valid purifying amount test for each of five products of appropriate product and inappropriate product based on filter quality test showed average 4,440 liters for appropriate product and average 2,620 liters for inappropriate product. According to the result, it is shown that the filter with good adsorption also had good chloroform removal efficiency and adsorption efficiency. Therefore, it is expected that customers can screen good quality product through obligatory conduct of filter quality test. However, it is considered that complementation in system is required for future inspection.

Many recent studies have concentrated upon the radiative effects of atmospheric aerosols. Though their scattering and absorption of radiation, aerosols can also induce some other important environment effects. In this study, new radiation code and aerosol data within Atmosphere General Circulation Model (AGCM) is used to assess the aerosol radiative forcing and to analyze relative climate effects. The new Kangnung National University AGCM Stratospheric-15 (KNU AGCM ST15) was integrated by using two sets of radiative effect of aerosols : CTRL as not a radiative effect of aerosols and AERO as a radiative effect of aerosols. Two cases show the difference of net shortwave radiation budget at top-of-atmosphere (TOA) is found to be about -3.4 Wm-2, at the surface (SFC) is about -5.6 Wm-2. Consequently the mean atmospheric absorption due to aerosol layer in global is about 2.2 Wm-2. This result confirms the existence of a negative forcing due to the direct effect of aerosols at the surface and TOA in global annual mean. In addition, it is found that cooling over at the surface air temperature due to radiative effect of aerosols is about 0.17 ℃. It is estimated that radiative forcing of the net upward longwave radiation taken as the indirect effect of aerosol is much smaller than that of the direct effect as there is about 0.2 Wm-2 of positive forcing both at TOA and at SFC. From this study, It made an accurate estimation of considering effect of aerosols that is negative effect. This may slow the rate of projected global warming during the 21st century.

In this study, the Slab Ocean Model (SOM) is coupled with an Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM) which developed in University of Kangnung based on the land surface model of Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (BATS). The purposes of this study are to understand radiative role of clouds considering of the atmospheric feedback, and to compare the Clouds Radiative Forcing (CRF) come from the analyses using the clear-cloud sky method and CGCM. The new CGCM was integrated by using two sets of the clouds with radiative role (EXP-A) and without radiative role (EXP-B). Clouds in this two cases show the negative effect -26.0 Wm-2 of difference of radiation budget at top of atmosphere (TOA). The annual global means radiation budget of this simulation at TOA is larger than the estimations (-17.0 Wm-2) came from Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The work showed the surface negative effect with -18.6 Wm-2 in the two different simulations of CRF. Otherwise, sensible heat flux in the simulation shows a great contribution with positive forcing of +24.4 Wm-2. It is found that cooling effect to the surface temperature due to radiative role of clouds is about 7.5℃. From this study it could make an accurate of the different CRF estimation considering either feedback of EXP-B or not EXP-A under clear-sky and cloud-sky conditions respectively at TOA. This result clearly shows its difference of CRF -11.1 Wm-2.

본 논문의 목적은 CFRP판을 여러 가지 방법으로 보강한 RC보의 휨 거동을 실험적으로 비교, 분석하는 것이다. 휨 보강방법은 표면부착만 한 경우, CFRP판을 부착 후 단부정착한 경우 및 프리스트레스를 가한 후 단부정착한 경우의 3가지로 대별하였다. 실험결과는 단부정착한 RC보가 표면부착만 한 경우와 비교하여 연성이 증대되고 극한하중과 처짐 등의 휨성능이 개선되어 단부정착 방법이 효율적임을 보여주었으며, 특히 CFRP판에 프리스트레스를 가한 후 단부정착한 경우가 극한하중 및 연성이 현저히 증가함을 보였다.

Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of ceramic-treated water on the inhibition of algal growth. The growth of Scenedesmus quadricauda and Chlorella vulgaris was enhanced by the ceramic- treated water in Allen medium containing high concentration of nutrients, but inhibited in natural water containing low concentration of nutrients. The growth of Oscillatoria tenuis and Microcystis aeruginosa was inhibited in both Allen medium and natural water. When comparing the effects of ceramic-treated water 1 (NC1) and 2 (NC2), the growth of O. tenuis and M. aeruginosa was somewhat enhanced by NC1, whereas inhibited by NC2. Therefore, it is suggested that NC2 can be more effective than NC1 in controlling the algal growth.