본 연구는 제1차에서 5차까지 남북정상회담의 배경, 성과와 한계점을 비교분석한다. 그리고 남북공동선언문의 내용을 비교분석하고 향후 남북 정상회담에 대해 전망해 본다. 남북정상회담은 남북 정상들의 통일에 대 한 강한 의지가 표현된 것이며, 김대중 정부의 햇볕정책을 계승하고 있 다. 이러한 남북정상회담의 개최는 북한의 경제적 위기와 남북 당사자 간의 적극적인 화해 노력 등이 작용한 결과이다. 남북정상회담을 통해 남북한 화해 협력 분위기 형성과 남북공동선언문 합의를 도출했지만, 북 한의 군사적 위협(핵위협)과 남한 정부의 대북정책 기조에 따라 합의된 사안들이 지속적으로 실천되지 못했다. 하지만 남북정상회담에서 공동선 언한 <6·15공동선언>, <10·4공동선언>,<판문점선언>, <평양공동선언> 등 은 지속가능한 남북관계 발전을 이끌어내었다는 공통점이 있다. 특히 6․ 15공동선언은 포괄적이고 선언적이며 규범적 성격이었다면, 10․4 공동선 언을 비롯해 판문점선언 그리고 평양공동선언은 남북문제에 있어 구체적 이고 실천적 성격이 강하다. 이러한 남북정상회담과 공동선언문의 이행 은 남북평화 및 남북발전과 지역발전에도 긍정적인 효과를 도출해 낼 것 이다. 따라서 향후 6차 남북정상회담과 북미회담 추진을 위해 다섯 가지 의 과제를 제안한다.

Korea’s elevator industry is one of the world’s eighth-largest industrial sectors and the third largest in the world by new installations. This year, the number of elevators has exceeded 700,000, and the number of new installations is 30,000-40,000 every year. However, the news of elevator-related accidents is reported continuously through the media and the accident rate is not decreasing. In particular, among the recent accidents related to elevators, accidents related to elevator workers are increasing, causing social problems. This year, the National Assembly’s Environmental Labor Relations Commission’s National Auditors lost five lives a year and 12 elevator workers were killed in fall and stenosis accidents during the installation, maintenance and replacement of the elevators for about two years since 2018. It took place to adopt the representatives of four domestic elevator companies as witnesses. An elevator worker is a collective term for workers involved in the design, manufacturing, installation, replacement, maintenance, inspection, management, and supervision related to the elevator industry, and the related accidents are called elevator worker accidents. Analysis of elevator-related accidents in the past has shown that the fault of the user accounted for 70% of the total, and the fault of the worker accounted for about 2.5%, and the accident occurred to the user or the user due to carelessness of the worker during the lift-related work. Currently, elevator-related accidents are reported by the Korea Elevator Safety Agency under Article 48 of the Elevator Safety Management Act under the Ministry of Interior and Safety. If deemed necessary for the prevention and prevention of recurrence of an elevator accident, the cause and condition of the elevator accident may be investigated. However, the current draft law is limited only to elevators after installation inspection, and is separated from the Ministry of Employment and Labor’s data on accidents occurring in the manufacturing and installation stages related to the elevator industry. This study analyzes the recent safety accidents of elevator workers and prepares safety measures to prevent them through the risk analysis, and also draws out the problems and improvements of the current elevator worker accident investigation to find the elevator worker accident rate that is on the increase trend.

유해 남조류 Microcystis 종에 의한 녹조현상은 매년 빈번하게 일어나며, 이로 인한 수자원의 질적 변화와 먹는 물 확보에 문제가 발생하고 있다. Microcystis 종에 의한 피해를 막고자 개발된 naphthoquinone (NQ) 유도체 물질의 장점 분석을 위해 국내에서 빈번히 사용되는 황토를 이용한 microcosm 실험을 하고자 하였다. 그 결과, NQ 40, NQ 2-0 물질은 선행 연구 결과와 동일하게 유해 남조류 Microcystis 종을 선택적으로 99.9%, 99.6% 제어했으며, 식물플랑크톤 종 다양성을 증진시켰다. 그러나, 황토를 처리한 실험구는 실험 초기 일시적인 조류 제어효과를 보인 후 다시 증가하였으며, 유용 조류를 포함한 모든 식물플랑크톤에게 적용되어 다른 조류의 성장은 이루어지지 않았다. 뿐만 아니라, NQ 물질을 처리한 처리구는 비생물학적, 생물학적요인 모두 영향을 미치지 않았으며, 대조구와 유사한 경향이 관찰되었다. 따라서, 최종적으로 개량된 유해 남조류 제어물질 NQ 2-0은 높은 살조효과, 선택적 제어효과, 저독성, 자연분해에 의한 비잔류성 뿐만 아니라, 편의성 및 경제성까지 갖춘 새로운 살조물질로서 현재까지 개발된 살조물질 보다 현장 생태계 적용에 가장 적합한 친환경 녹조제어 물질이라고 판단된다.

The number of elevators in Korea has surpassed 700,000 units in 2019, which is the 8th in the world by number of installed units and 3rd in the world by new units. The word 'lift' is a representative word, and the category includes elevators, escalators, dumb waiters, and moving walks. Those who live in the city will experience using elevators once or twice a day, and these elevators are becoming an indispensable means of transportation when using high-rise apartments or subways. However, such a convenient elevator also has a lot of risks that threaten the safety of the user and actually cause many accidents every year. In particular, escalators (including moving walks), which account for as little as 5% of all elevators, account for 70% of all elevator accidents. According to Heinrich's chain of thought theory, accidents are caused by a combination of factors, which are divided into five stages: Stage 1: Genetic Factors and Social Environment, Stage 2: Individual Defects, Stage 3: Unsafe behavior and Unsafe conditions, Stage 4: Accident, Stage 5: Injury. Heinrich said that three of these five phases, unsafe behavior and unsafe conditions, require safety management and efforts to prevent accidents. In escalator accidents, the analysis of accident cases that have occurred so far will be related to unsafe behaviors and unsafe conditions, and the effective management of these causes of accidents will enable safer and more convenient use of escalators. This study analyzed accident cases of elevator users, focusing on escalator accidents over the last 10 years (2010 ~ 2019), and safety management to prevent safety accidents of elevator users by analyzing the behavior of actual users and questionnaires of experts in related fields. The method was studied.

본 연구는 저소득층 청소년이 지각한 부모양육태도가 학교생활적응에 미치는 영향과 자아탄력성의 매개효과를 검증하였다. 이를 위해 한국아동·청소년패널 4차년 조사에 응답한 중학생 2080명 중에서 저소득층(연소득 2400만 원이하)에 해당하는 308명을 연구대상으로 하였다. 분석방법은 기술통계, 상관 분석, 다중회귀분석 및 매개영향분석을 실시했다. 연구결과 첫째, 부모양육태도 중 긍정양육태도가 다른 양육태도에 비해 평균이 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 학교생활적응과 양육태도 간의 상관관계 및 방임학대와 부정양육 간의 상관관계가 유의미했다. 셋째, 부모양육태도 중 긍정양육태도가 학교생활적응에 유의미한 영향을 미치고 자아탄력성을 매개로 하여 부분매개효과성을 보여주었다. 또한 자아탄력성이 학교 생활적응에 유의미한 영향을 끼치는 것으로 나타났다. 이 같은 연구결과를 바탕으로 본 연구는 학교생활적응을 위한 프로그램과 정책―특히 저소득층 청소년의 자아탄력성 강화 프로그램 및 가족개입적인 사회복지실천 프로그램―이 시급함을 제언하였다.

This study investigated the effect of temperature deviation on the water-holding capacity, tenderness, lipid oxidation, and color stability of Korean Hanwoo (韓牛) beef during long-term aging. The striploins (M. longissimus lumborum) were aged for 56 days at 2±1oC (T1), 2±2oC (T2), or 2±3oC (T3). Drip loss and cooking loss were higher (p<0.05) in T3 than in T1 on day 56. The Warner-Bratzler shear force value was similar for all treatments during aging times. On day 56, the content of 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances was higher (p<0.05) in T3 as compared to T1. The CIE L* and b* values were similar for all treatments, but the a* value was lower (p<0.05) in T3 than in T1 on the last day. These findings indicate that high temperature deviation adversely affects the water-holding capacity, lipid oxidation stability, and color stability of Hanwoo beef during long-term aging.

This study was performed to investigate the effect of heat-stressed environment on rumen microbial diversity in Holstein cows. Rectal temperature and respiration rate were measured and rumen fluid was collected under normal environment (NE; Temperature humidity index (THI)=64.6) and heat-stressed environment (HE; THI=87.2) from 10 Holstein cows (60±17.7 months, 717±64.4 kg) fed on the basis of dairy feeding management in National Institute of Animal Science. The rumen bacteria diversity was analyzed by using the Illumina HiSeq™ 4000 platform. The rectal temperature and respiratory rate were increased by 1.5ﾟC and 53 breaths/min in HE compared to that in NE, respectively. In this study, HE exposure induced significant changes of ruminal microbe. At phylum level, Fibrobacteres were increased in HE. At genus level, Ruminococcaceae bacterium P7 and YAD3003, Butyrivibrio sp. AE2032, Erysipelotrichaceae bacterium NK3D112, Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, Lachnospiraceae bacterium FE2018, XBB2008, and AC2029, Eubacterium celulosolvens, Clostridium hathewayi, and Butyrivibrio hungatei were decreased in HE, while Choristoneura murinana nucleopolyhedrovirus, Calothrix parasitica, Nostoc sp. KVJ20, Anabaena sp. ATCC 33047, Fibrobacter sp. UWB13 and sp. UWB5, Lachnospiraceae bacterium G41, and Xanthomonas arboricola were increased in HE. In conclusion, HE might have an effect to change the rumen microbial community in Holstein cows.

In this study, the reliability of the analysis is evaluated by comparing the average wind pressure coefficient, RMS wind pressure coefficient and wind pressure spectrum with same condition of wind tunnel test which are calculated in the high-Reynolds number range of 1.2 ×1.06, 2.0.×106 each for the typical curved shape dome structure. And it is examined by the reliability of analysis through Improved delayed detached Eddy Simulation(IDDES), which is one of the hybrid RANS/LES techniques that can analyze the realistic calculation range of high Reynolds number. As a result of the study, it was found that IDDES can be predicted very similar to the wind tunnel test. The distribution pattern of the wind pressure coefficient and wind pressure spectrum showed a similar compared with wind tunnel test.