Chitin was isolated from crab shells by modified Hackman's method, which was treated again with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution to give alkali chitin(sodium alkoxide of chitin). And after, the alkali chitin is allowed to react with monochloroacetic acid to synthesize 6-O-(carboxymethyl) chitin [CM-Chitin] under diminished pressure. In order to synthesize high performance CM-Chitin as hygroscopic agent, it was measured that the yield and degree of subsititution of each CM-Chitin according to molar ratio(monochloroacetic acid equivalent mol/N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residue) and their moisture-absorption and moisture-release properties were measured and compared with those of hyaluronic acid. The moisture-absorption and moisture-release properties of CM-Chitin, especially 0.8 in degree of substitution, were found quite similar to those of hyaluronic acid. The preliminary results show that CM-Chitin might be used as hygroscopic agent instead of hyaluronic acid in field of cosmetics.

Recently, an interest has developed in the use of whole green grains as functional food materials. The present study was conducted to provide the baseline data for the stable production of whole green grains in 20 cultivars of wheat by investigating the greenness of grain with maturation (from 20 th to 41 st day after heading, at an interval of 3 days). On the 20 th day after heading, the grains were dark green with a wrinkled long-oval shape. After the 35 th day of heading, the grains turned almost yellow with an oval shape. Their redness (‘a’ value of chromaticity) increased from the 20 th to 41 st days after heading, indicating a negative value up to the 32 nd day after heading. A significant decrease in their chlorophyll content was observed with maturation. The yield of whole green wheat grain (including greenish yellow grain) was the highest from the 32 nd to 35 th after heading. Therefore, we concluded that the optimal harvesting period for whole green wheat grain was from the 32 nd to 35 th day after heading. The heading time of various cultivars ranged from April 28 to May 5, the time of Jopummil cultivar grew the fastest among them, such as Gurumil, Alchanmil, but Dahongmil got the latest in heading time. The greenness of seven cultivars (Jeokjungmil, Keumkangmil, Jogyeongmil, Jopummil, Baekjungmil, Yeonbaekmil, and Milseongmil) was relatively higher than that of the others. The yield of greenish whole grain was relatively high in six cultivars (Alchanmil, Baekjungmil, Eunpamil, Yeonbaekmil, Dahongmil, and Urimil). Based on their greenness and yield, the Baekjungmil and Yeonbaekmil cultivars have been considered to be optimal for the production of whole green wheat grain.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different sowing times (May 25, June 10, June 25, July 10, and July 25) on growth and yield of four proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) cultivars (Hwanggeumkijang, Manghongchal, Ibaekchal, and Hwangsilchal) at a cultivation area in Iksan, Jeonbuk Province. Heading and ripening times were delayed, with later sowing times in all cultivars, and the periods for heading and ripening were shortened. For sowing from May 25 to July 25, the growth stage was shorter by 40 days in Manghongchal, 38 days in Hwanggeumkijang, 36 days in Hwangsilchal, and 30 days in Ibaekchal. The culm length, ear length, ear width, and culm diameter differed significantly between the cultivars and sowing times. In particular, the culm and ear lengths were considerably reduced when the sowing time was delayed. The grain yield (kg/10a) of Hwanggeumkijang and Ibaekchal was 312 and 359 kg, respectively, for sowing on June 10; and that of Manhongchal and Hwangsilchal was 286 and 404 kg, respectively, for sowing on June 25. Thus, the optimum sowing time was June 25 for Hwanggeumkijang and Ibaekchal, and June 10 for Manhongchal and Hwangsilchal.

우수한 사료자원으로 평가되는 케나프의 생산단가를 낮 추기 위하여 새만금 간척지 시험포에서 염농도 단계별 생육 및 수량을 관찰한 결과 케나프는 중·상정도의 내염성을 보 유한 작물로 평가할 수 있으며 충분한 제염이 이루어진다고 하면 간척지에서의 재배 가능성도 충분할 것으로 평가할 수 있었다. 염농도별 케나프의 발아력을 조사한 결과 토양 염 농도가 4.0 dS/m (=0.26%) 일 때 84%이던 케나프 발아율 이 5.0 dS/m (=0.32%) 에서는 18%로 급격히 떨어졌으며 6.0 dS/m (=0.39%) 에서는 발아율이 10%를 넘지 못하였다. 또한 생육 상황도 토양 염농도에 비례하여 급격히 떨어졌는 데 케나프는 줄기직경을 2.6 cm 이상으로 유지할 수 있을 경우 엽수가 유의할 수준으로 늘어나고 줄기부분에 대한 상 대적 무게비율이 증가하는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 이는 잎 의 분열을 촉진시킬 수 있는 충분한 생장량 확보가 줄기직 경 2.6 cm 이상에서부터 가능하다는 것을 의미하는데 새만 금에서는 토양 염농도 4.0 dS/m (=0.26%) 이하에서는 케나 프의 줄기직경을 2.6 cm 이상으로 유지하는 것이 가능하였 으나 염농도가 5.0 dS/m (=0.32%)를 넘어서게 되면 줄기직 경이 2.0 cm 이하로 엽수도 20~46% 감소하였다. 생육장해는 파종 후 1개월 경과부터 본격적으로 나타나기 시작하였 는데 엽 정단이 고사하고 주변 잎 들이 급격하게 황화 낙엽 되는 현상이 발생하였다. 케나프의 토양 염농도에 대한 수 량성을 분석한 결과 토양 염농도 4.0 dS/m (=0.26%) 까지 는 비간척지에 비해 수량이 최대 19% 하락하였으나 염농도간 차이는 크지 않았다. 그러나 토양 염농도가 4.0 dS/m (=0.26%) 를 넘어서는 5.0 dS/m (=0.32%) 에서는 비간척지의 51% 수준을 유지하는데 그쳤으며 토양 염농도 4.0 dS/m (=0.26%) 일 때의 수량에 비해서도 38% 감소하였다. 통계분석을 통 하여 간척지에서 수량성 감소를 80% 이내로 유지 할 수 있 는 토양 염농도를 산출해본 결과 토양 염농도가 4.2 dS/m 이내로 유지될 경우 케나프의 생산성은 80% 이상을 유지할 수 있었다.

In order to produce the high quality of dried-ear mushroom, various drying methods such as hot-air drying at 40~80˚C, freeze drying and drying in vinyl house were carried out. Drying hours of hot-air drying, freeze drying and drying in vinyl house were 12.5~21.5, 36.0 and 72.0 hrs, respectively. Vitamin D2 content of sample was the highest as 6.77μg/g DW in drying in vinyl house and then followed by freeze drying as 5.90μg/g DW and hot-air drying as 1.89~5.01μg/g DW. After dry, external appearance and color of mushrooms applied hot-air drying and drying in vinyl house were better than freeze-dried one. After rehydration, water uptake of sample in drying in vinyl house and hot-air drying at 50~60˚C were 17.8 and 19.3~21.0 times, respectively. The methods of drying in vinyl house and hot-air drying at 50~60˚C also led to high hardness, good shape and resilience. As the results of production of dried-ear mushroom with high quality, we suggest that the best method for drying is the drying in vinyl house due to not only high vitamin D2 content, good external appearance and color after drying but also high hardness and good shape after rehydration.

고구마 괴근의 표피에 선모양으로 돌출되어 나타나는 피맥의 발생동향을 조사하고, 경감하기 위한 시험의 결과는 아래와 같다. 1. 고구마 피맥은 표피가 줄무늬로 돌출되어 상품성을 저하시키는 증상으로서 피맥발생은 표피층에 전분이 집적되어 발생하는 것으로 관찰되었고, 조기재배보다 보통기재배에서 발생이 많았다. 2. 고구마 품종에 따른 피맥발생은 건풍미, 연황미, 건미 등 7품종이 3%이하로 적었고, 헬씨미, 보라미는 30%이상 발생하였다. 만중은 피맥발생과 정의 상관관계가 있었다. 3. 고구마 피맥은 생육기간이 진전됨에 따라 증가하다가 삽식 후 120일경에 가장 높았다. 4. 고구마 삽식 후 90일의 적심비율에 따른 피맥발생율은 일정한 경향을 보이지는 않았다. 엽면적지수 4에서 피맥발생율이 가장 적었으나, 일정한 경향을 보이지는 않았고, 경엽절제비율이 높을수록 수량감소가 크게 나타났다.