Recently, because of the increased needs for damped structure, a lot of buildings equipped with damping systems are designed. In this research, in order to reduce the base shear down to the desired, additional damping ratio of damping device for each period was determined with seismic response spectrum

Recently, because of the increased needs for damped structure, a lot of buildings equipped with damping systems are designed. In this research, in order to reduce the base shear down to the desired, additional damping ratio of damping device for each period was determined with seismic response spectrum.

Background: Prenatal exposure to infectious and/or inflammatory insults can increase the risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorder such as bipolar disorder, autism, and schizophrenia later in life. We investigated whether Valeriana fauriei (VF) treatment alleviates prepulse inhibition (PPI) deficits and social interaction impairment induced by maternal immune activation (MIA).Methods and Results: Pregnant mice were exposed to polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidilic acid (5㎎/㎏, viral infection mimic) on gestational day 9. The adolescent offspring received daily oral treatment with VF (100㎎/㎏) and injections of clozapine (5㎎/㎏) for 30 days starting on the postnatal day 35. The effects of VF extract treatment on behavioral activity impairment and protein expression were investigated using the PPI analysis, forced swim test (FST), open field test (OFT), social interaction test (SIT), and immunohistochemistry. The MIA-induced offspring showed deficits in the PPI, FST, OFT, and SIT compared to their non MIAinduced counterparts. Treatment with the VF extract significantly recovered the sensorimotor gating deficits and partially recovered the aggressive behavior observed in the SIT. The VF extract also reversed the downregulation of protein expression induced by MIA in the medial prefrontal cortex.Conclusions: Our results provide initial evidence of the fact that the VF extract could reverse MIA-induced behavioral impairment and prevent neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia.

Transported deposit was accumulated in a grit chamber built at the mouth of Yeocheoncheon in 1987 with the intention of blocking the influx of sediment into the Ulsan-harbor. This study attempted to analyze the effects of the transported deposit on the water quality at Yeocheoncheon. Only one episode of dredging has been performed in the approximately 25 years since the grit chamber were built, leading to the formation of stagnant water in the grit chamber due to a large amount of transported deposit. The deposit has a relatively high organic content, in the range of 11.7-25.9% (mean 18.3%). It appears that the main reason for the upstream transport of water pollution from the mouth of the Yeocheoncheon is the tides. The effects of organic content and stagnant water on water quality were analyzed using WASP. Moreover, the changes in water quality arising due to the removal of the grit chamber were analyzed. Results indicated that BOD improved by 18.8-100%, while T-P improved by 90.0-617.4%, between the grit chamber and Hanbi-Gyo , which is located 1.3 km away from the grit chamber.

이 논문은 지진응답을 감소시키기 위해 외부설치형 카고메 감쇠시스템의 유효성을 비선형 동적 해석 결과를 통해 나타내었다. 이 전의 연구에 의해 제안된 카고메 감쇠시스템을 활용하여 본 연구에서는 등방성, 이선형 이력특성 및 설치구성이 새롭게 제안하였다. 또한, 외부접합형 카고메 감쇠시스템의 여러 가지 효과를 15층 및 20층 철근콘크리트 라멘조 아파트를 대상으로 검증하였다. 원구조물에 대한 감쇠장 치 지지구조물의 강성비, 감쇠장치의 수량 및 설치 층수는 설계변수로 고려하였다. 수치해석결과, EKDS는 기존의 한 방향 층간에 설치되는 감 쇠시스템과 비교할 때 더 작은 수를 적용하여도 두 방향의 지진하중을 감소시키는데 매우 효과적임을 입증되었다.

In this paper, the vibration control effect of the exterior-installation Kagome damping syste (EKDS) was investigated by applying the Kagome dampers to a 15-story frame apartment building structure. The numerical analysis results of a structure with exterior-installation Kagome damping system up to the third story showed that the application story should be higher than second story to effectively reduce the base shear and the maximum drift of the uppermost story. When the exterior-installation Kagome damping system was installed up to the fifth story, the application story should be higher than third story and for obtaining the target performance.

본 논문에서는 효과적인 제진설계를 구현하기 위한 설계기술 개발의 일환으로 최근 제안된 Exo-type 감쇠시스템을 활용하여 15층과 20층의 연구 대상 건물을 대상으로 감쇠시스템의 최적 강성비와 적용된 감쇠장치의 최적 항복비에 따른 철근콘크리트 라멘조 건물의 제진 효과를 검토해 보았다. 해석결과, Exo-type 감쇠시스템을 3개층 적용 시에는 대상 건물 15층과 20층 모두 밑면전단력과 최상층 최대응답변위 감소라는 관점에서 유효한 제진효과를 얻기 위해서는 Exo-type 감쇠시스템과 대상 건물의 강성비는 7.0 이상 확보를 하여야 하며, 감쇠시스템에 적용된 감쇠장치의 항복비는 대상 건물의 층전단력의 약 8.0% 이상 확보할 필요가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, Exo-type 감쇠시스템을 5개층 적용 시에는 대상 건물 15층과 20층 모두 Exo-type 감쇠시스템과 대상 건물의 강성비는 2.5 이상 확보 하여야 하며, 감쇠시스템에 적용된 감쇠장치의 대상 건물의 층전단력의 약 3.5%이상 확보할 필요가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

This study evaluated the effect of water level of water resources on water quality in Ulsan. Two reservoirs, Sayeon Dam and Hoeya Dam, were selected and water quality of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were analyzed from 2012 to 2014. And the characteristics of precipitation were also analyzed for 70 years (1945~2014) because runoff of non-point pollutant was strongly affected by precipitation. As a result, water deterioration of Sayeon Dam and Hoeya Dam were affected in accordance with lowering water level. For example, the concentrations of COD and TN was negatively correlated with the water level when the water level of Sayeon Dam was gradually decreased in 2013. The TN concentration was increased to 1.432 mg/L from 0.875 mg/L while the lowest water level of Sayeon Dam was recorded 45 m in 2014. Additionally the concentration of COD and TN was sensitively increased with 0.213 mg/L/m and 0.058 mg/L/m on account of non-point pollutant runoff. It is indicated that hereafter a control of non-point pollutant runoff is the critical factors to maintain water resources because the contribution of non-point pollutant is expected to increase due to the frequent heavy rain events. Therefore, it is necessary to map out a specific plan for non-point pollutant control based on analyses of runoff characteristics, water pollution sources and reduction plans in water pollutants and to establish a water modelling and database system as a preventive action plan.

In this paper, the vibration control effect of the isotropic damping devices (so-called Kagome dampers) was investigated by applying the Kagome dampers to a 20-story frame structure apartment. A new Kagome Damper System (KGDS) composed of the dampers and supporting column was proposed and numerical analyses were performed to investigate the effects of stiffness ratio between controlled structure and supporting column, the damper size and the number of the dampers. The numerical analysis results of a structure with KGDS up to the third story showed that the stiffness ratio should be higher than 6.4 and the damper size be at least 700×700mm to effectively reduce the base shear and the maximum drift of the uppermost story. When the KGDS was installed up to the fifth story, the stiffness ratio should be higher than 7.0 and damper size needs to be at least 500×500mm for obtaining the target performance

본 고는 동절기 이후 무근 콘크리트의 상부에서 쉽게 발생하는 스케일링 현상에 주목하여 무근 콘크리트의 동해 발생원인을 고찰하고, 이에 대한 내구성을 향상시키기 위한 방안을 기존문헌조사를 통하여 1) 강도향상, 2) 진공배수공법 적용, 3) 흡수방지재 시공의 방법을 선정하였다. 그 후 각 방법의 동결융해저항성 향상 평가를 정량적으로 평가하기위하여 동결융해 시험을 통한 상대동탄성계수를 측정하였다. 그 결과 1), 2)번의 경우 동탄성계수가 약 15% 향상, 3)의 경우 강도에 따라 7~13%향상됨을 실험적으로 확인하였다. 따라서 상기의 방법 모두 무근 콘크리트의 동결융해 저항성 향상에 유효한 방법으로 판단되며, 이를 통해 무근콘크리트의 빈번히 발생하는 품질저하 및 이로인한 유지보수비용 절감을 도모할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Ulsan made its contributions to modern Korea as an industrial city. In the 1960s, Ulsan was appointed as a special industrial zone. After that, industrial complexes were built without environmental considerations so Ulsan was once called “the polluted city”. However, in the early 2000s, the main concern of Ulsan’s policies was gradually shifted from the economic growth to the environmental issues. In order to enhance the environmental quality and to make the Ulsan more environmentally friendly eco-city where human and nature coexist, Ulsan city declared “The Eco-polis Ulsan” in 2004 based on “The Master Plan for Eco-polis Ulsan” which included the eco-industrial park as an action plan. This study aims at defining the concepts of eco-city and policies to build Ulsan-style eco-city as environmentally friendly city and proposing Ulsan as a role model to cities and towns of developing countries. In addition, Ulsan’s EIP project which will be implemented for 15 years from 2005, is elaborated including regulatory issues and technologies to be applied.

본 연구는 태화강을 비롯한 동천, 회야강 및 청량천 등 울산의 주요 하천유역을 대상으로 최근 한국건설기술연구원이 개발한 CAT모형을 이용하여 물순환 분석을 실시하였다. CAT모형의 적용을 위해 태화강은 25개, 동천은 11개, 회야강 은 17개 그리고 청량천은 5개의 소유역으로 분할하여 유출기여유역과 함양유역으로 구분하는 개념을 적용하였다. 대상 유역에서 1975년도와 2008년에 실측된 강우량과 토지이용도 변화 등의 수문자료를 이용하여 물순환 분석을 실시한 결 과, 4개 하천유역 모두에서 도시화에 따른 불투수 면적의 증가로 인해 표면유출은 중가하고 중간유출은 감소하는 것으 로 나타났다. 태화강과 태화강의 지천인 동천유역의 표면유출 증가는 1.7%와 2.4%로서 비교적 적고, 회야강과 청량천은 3.2%와 7.7%로 증가폭이 큰 것은 유역의 개발에 따른 도시화율 증가의 정도를 잘 반영하는 것으로 분석되었다

본 실험에 사용한 C. gloeosporioides는 밤나무 재배단지에서 탄저병 증상을 보이는 밤나무 종실로부터 분리하였고, ITS 영역 유전자의 염기서열 및 형태하적 분석을 통하여, C. gloeosporioides로 동정하였다. 병원성 검정실험에서, 80% Eucalyptus oil 및 B. subtilis GG95 10배액 처리구가 C. gloeosporioides에 대한 항균효과가 우수하였고, 최종배합은 Eucalyptus oil 40%, B. subtilis GG95 40% 외 제제화용 첨가제 20%로 하였다. 2012년도 포장실험에서, 자봉 품종 시제품 500배 4회 처리구의 방제가는 무처리구 대비 60.9%로 조사되었고, 2013년도 포장실험에서, 자봉 품종의 방제가는 250배 처리구가 71.2%로 가장 높았다. 조생종 및 중생종보다 만생종에서의 방제가 69.8%로 가장 높은 것으로 보아, 착과이후 종실이 작을 때부터 약제 처리를 하면, 방제가를 높일 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 포장 500배 4회 처리후 수확물인 조생종 단택에서는 4℃ 저장에서의 방제효과는 약 61.9%로 조사되었고, 25℃ 저장에서의 방제효과는 63.2%의 방제가로 조사되었고, 실내 단태 품종에 대한 방제가는, 250배에서 81.16%, 500배에서 75.36%로 측정되었으나, 1000배의 효과는 낮은 편이므로, 최소한 500배 이상의 처리가 필요시 된다. 상기의 결과를 바탕으로 밤나무 종실에 발생하는 탄저병을 효율적으로 방제하기 위해서 는 착과 이후 개발제품을 500배 희석농도로 4회 경엽처리하고 수확후 250배로 침지 처리한 후 저장하는 것이 가장 효율적인 방법으로 판단된다.

울산시의주요생활용수공급댐인사연댐상류수몰지역내에국보285호인반구대암각화가위치하고있다. 표고53～57m에 위치한 암각화 보존을 위한 여러 가지 방안 중, 사연댐 수위를 60m에서 52m로 낮추어 물 밖으로 끄집어내는 안이주로검토되어왔다. 댐의수위를인위적으로조절하는경우저수량및용수공급량감소와더불어부영양화로인해수질이나빠지게된다. 본연구에서는사연댐수위조절에따른수질악화로댐의기능상실과수질변화로인해예상되는여러가지문제점을검토하였다. Vollenweider모델과CSTR (Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor) 모델을이용하여수위조절시변화가예측되는대표적인수질지표인BOD및COD그리고조류성장의주원인이되는총인과총질소의농도변화를분석하였다.그 결과 사연댐의 수위를 60 m에서 52 m로 조절하는 경우, COD의 농도는 약간 낮아지지만 총질소와 총인은 약 130%이상농도가증가되는것으로나타났다. 이러한변화는심각한조류문제를일으킬수있으며, 사연댐의수질관리를영양염류의 농도를 대상으로 하는 경우 수질이 악화되는 것으로 나타났다.

Seismic isolation offers an attractive approach for reducing seismic loads in the building and in its components. This paper deals with the seismic isolation effects due to variation in period ratio between superstructure and isolation layer of the building. Seismic isolation effects of the moment-resisting frames with the various period ratio were studied by nonlinear time history analysis. It is recommended that the isolation period should be greater than 2.0 times of that of the superstructure for the effective seismic isolation.

물발자국은 제품과 서비스를 생산하는데 전과정 혹은 전체 공급망에서 사용된 담수의 양을 나타낸다. 물발자국 평가는 인간의 활동과 관련된 물의 희소성 및 오염과 관련된 정보를 파악하는데 보다 많은 정보를 주기 때문에 물소비관점에서 지속가능한 물관리에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 물발자국 제도의 도입을 위해서 물발자국 데이터베이스/물계정이 필수적인데 국내에서 전 산업부분에 적용할 수 있는 DB가 전무하다. 따라서 이 연구의 목적은 산업연관분석법을 이용해 국내의 403개 산업분야에 대한 물발자국 인벤토리를 개발하는 것이다. 주요 연구결과로는 농업분야의 물사용량이 전체 직접수의 79%를 차지하며, 공업분야는 간접수의 사용량이 82%로 주를 이루는 것으로 분석되었다. 물사용량은 벼가 가장 많지만, 다음은 수산양식과 과일 생산으로 조사되었고, 가장 물사용강도(m3/원)가 높은 것은 비식용작물(103,263m3/백만원)로 분석되었고, 이와 같은 결과는 비식용작물(초지생산 등)의 직접수는 많지만 경제적 가치가 매우 낮아 높은 물사용강도를 보여주고 있다. 다음은 육림, 철광석, 원목, 수산양식, 상수도, 잡곡 등의 순으로 물사용 강도가 높게 나타났다. 전체적 관점에서 총 물사용량 중 56%가 간접수가 차지하기 때문에 간접수를 고려한 산업분야의 수자원관리, 즉 공급망에서 전과정을 고려한 관리가 물사용 효율성을 높이는데 중요하다는 것을 알 수 있다. 전과정 개념과 산업연관분석법을 이용한 물사용강도 자료는 물발자국 도입시 제품단위 물발자국 산정의 기초 인벤토리로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

This study was conducted to identify the effect of shading and pinching on growth and acanthoside-D content of Acanthopanax divaricatus var. albeofructus and A. koreanum Nakai. Different pinching heights showed no significant differences in terms of plant growth and acanthoside-D content but higher values showed that pinching A. divaricatus at 60 cm and A. koreanum at 30 cm favored good growth and higher fresh weight in the shoots. The content of acanthoside-D was not significantly affected by pinching heights. Also, no significant difference in acanthoside-D content was found between the lower and upper part of plant in the first year. However it was much higher in the lower part than the upper part in the second year, which indicated that the content of acanthoside-D was comparatively high in the lower part where lignification is much advanced. Shading showed benefits in terms of growth of A. divaricatus while only 50%-shading was favorable for A. koreanum to achieve superior growth. Overall, results indicated that shading had favorably affected the growth of the 2 Acanthopanax species while no-shading is better if we opt to achieve higher acathoside D content.

This study was conducted to enhance the propagation of Acanthopanax divaricatus and Acanthopanax koreanum through different cutting practices. For propagation by cuttings, scions were taken on September 1. This already has hard skin and showed much higher values in terms of root length, root number, rooting ratio and root weight than those taken on June 30 and August 1. Regardless of cutting date, 50% shading resulted to the highest root length, root number, root ratio and root weight. Meanwhile, 95% shading significantly reduced these parameters compared with no shading. These results suggest that over-shading may inhibit root growth. Two growth regulators, IBA (concentration of 1,000, 2,000, 3,000 ppm) and Rootone-F (0.4%) were also tested of its effect to the cuttings. Rootone-F was found to be more effective than IBA. Cutting treated with Rootone-F had slightly higher root length and root number. A. koreanum which grows well in hot climatic condition showed better rooting ability than A. divaricatus.

The content of luteolin in the different parts of Lithospermum erythrorhizon was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Luteolin was quantified by a reverse-phase column with gradient solvent program (water : ACN = 90 : 10 to 77 : 23 for 60 min). UV detection was conducted at 330 nm. The content of luteolin was measured in the seeds (0.28 mg/g), stems (0.30 mg/g), and roots (0.16 mg/g) of L. erythrorhizon. The presence of luteolin in Lithospermum species is important in agricultural crop production for increasing the amounts of clinically available medicine and health supplements.