We investigated the effect of glutathione supplementation on body weight gain, feed intake, velvet antler yield and economic analysis in elk bulls. A total 14, 2-year old male elks were divided into 2 groups with control or glutathione treatment. Elks were fed concentrate feed at the level of 1.5% relative to body weight (3.1 kg). and allowed to consumed hay as roughage ad libitum. Glutathione was supplemented at the level of 6 mg/kg. Average daily gains (ADG) for 2-years old elks were 234.1± 7 and 247.6±22 kg in control and glutathione fed groups, respectively. Treated group had higher ADG than control (p<0.05). Individual daily DM intakes were 5.34±0.70 and 5.64±0.71 kg in control and glutathione supplemented groups, respectively. Glutathione-fed group showed an additional intake of 298 g on an average. Production of velvet antlers for elk yearlings was 4,229±720 g and 4,653±960 g in control and glutathione supplemented groups respectively. Analysis of economics efficiency revealed 8% higher revenue index in glutathione supplemented groups. In conclusion, glutathione supplementation showed increase of DM intake and ADG in elk bulls, and could also increase velvet antler production.

This study was carried out to elucidate changes in milk production, milk components and milk product properties as influenced by organic and conventional farming system. Milk production in transient organic feeding was lower by 7.6% than that in conventional feeding and also milk fat, milk protein content, solids not fat and somatic cell count were lower than conventional farming system. But, milk lactose content in transient organic feeding was higher than that in conventional feeding. Ca and Fe content in milk in organic feeding tended to be higher compared to conventional feeding. Linoleic acid and unsaturated fatty acids in milk in organic feeding was higher than those in conventional feeding and properties of milk products were improved in organic milk compared to conventional milk.

We investigated the effect of glutathione supplementation on feed intake, body weight gain, velvet antler yields and economics of elk yearling. Fourteen elk yearlings were divided into 2 groups. Seven yearlings in each group (control and treatment) were fed with 1.5-2.5 percent body weight (%BW) of concentrate feed for elk, voluntary intake of hay as roughage and 6 mg/kg body weight (KBW) of glutathione. The results were as follows. Average daily gain (ADG) for control elk yearlings for first 1.5 month was 0.46 kg, while that of glutathione supplemented was 0.55 kg. Although glutathione fed group had higher ADG compared to control group (p<0.05), ADG after 1.5 month showed no difference. In spring, daily DM intake per elk yearlings was 3.98 and 4.24 kg for control and glutathione supplemented groups, respectively. The statistical differences in feed intake between two groups were not observed. However, feed intake tends to increase in glutathione fed group. Production of velvet antlers for elk yearlings were 911±256 and 1066±357 g for control and glutathione supplemented groups, respectively. Statistical difference between two groups was not observed due to the high variation. In economic analysis, additional 109,110 KRW per head for the cost of glutathione resulted in 2 percent higher revenue index due to the increased antler production. In conclusion, feeding glutathione to elk deers effectively increased DM intake and ADG of elk yearlings. Glutathione supplementation in feed might increase velvet antler production as well as ADG.

본 시험은 섬유질배합사료(TMR)의 에너지 및 단백질 수준이 다를 경우, 비유초기 유산양의 사료섭취량 및 유생산에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 수행하였다. 시험 동물은 자넨종 생후 16개월령 전후의 초산 착유양 24두를 시험구별 6마리씩 공시하였으며, TMR의 에너지와 단백질 수준은 대조구(Control)가 TDN 67.0%, CP 13.9% (NRC, 2007), 에너지 증량구(T1)는 TDN 73.7%, CP 13.9%, 단백질 증량구(T2)는 T

This study was carried out between 2008 and 2009 in four dairy farms to investigate the effect of feeding of whole crop barley silage on the reproductive performance of Holstein heifers. Two diets, mixed hay or whole crop barley silage separately from concentrate were fed 6-month old Holstein heifers (=37). In control group (=CON), heifers (n=16) were fed 6 kg (/head) mixed hay and 4 kg (/head) commercial diet. In whole crop barley silage group (=WBS), heifers (n=21) were fed 10 kg (/head) whole crop barley silage, 4 kg (/head) mixed hay and 2 kg (/head) commercial diet. To manage body weight gain, the body condition score of heifers were measured every month. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Body weight in CON and WBS heifers at 13-, 14-, 15- and 17-month old were 340±17.9 and 342±13.6 kg, 356±15.7 and 366±14.7 kg, 382±13.1 and 387±14.4 kg, and 429±15.0 and 417±10.3 kg, respectively. 2. Body condition score in CON and WBS heifers at 9-, 12-, 15- and 17-month old were 2.88±0.04 and 2.80±0.04, 2.88±0.04 and 2.80±0.04, 2.89±0.08 and 3.00±0.07, and 2.89±0.08 and 3.00±0.07, respectively. 3. Average age of sexual maturity in CON and WBS heifers were 437.3±9.9days and 939.6±12.5days, WBS group heifers were significantly shorter (p<0.05) than CON group heifers. 4. First-service conception rates in CON or WBS group were 81.3% (13/16) and 66.7% (14/21), respectively, and cumulative conception rate to 2nd artificial insemination were 87.5% for CON and 85.7% for WBS group. Conception rate was not different between treatments

s study was carried out between November 2008 and October 2009 in the experimental farm of Chunnam National University to investigate the effect of feeding of Sudangrass silage on the reproductive performance of Hanwoo cows. Two diets, rice straw or Sudangrass silage separately from concentrate were fed 19 Hanwoo cows. In control group (=CON), cows (n=9) were fed 5 kg (/head) rice straw and 3 kg (/head) commercial diet. In Sudangrass silage group (=SGS), cows (n=10) were fed 12.5 kg (/head) Sudangrass silage and 1 kg (/head) commercial diet. 1. Days to post-partum insemination were 78.8±25.3 days for CON and 84.7±24.6 days for SGS group and days to post-partum conception in CON or SGS were 90.1±24.1 and 87.7±26.8 days, respectively. 2. Post-partum conception rates for first service in CON or SGS was 66.7% and 90.0%, respectively, and caving interval was 375.1±46.7 days for CON and 370.2±34.4 days for SGS group. 3. Body Condition Scores of Hanwoo cows at artificial insemination was 5.36 for CON group and 4.93 for SGS group.

Substantial efforts have been made to manipulate ruminal environment in a hope to enhance ruminal fermentation efficiency for better ruminant productivity. Some of examples are methane inhibitors, antibiotics, microbial enzymes, fatty acids and/or lipid feeding, buffering agents, ionophores and probiotics. Of these efforts, the non-ionic surfactant (NIS) has been known for its stimulation to release enzymes from a range of anaerobic microbes. A series of studies were conducted 1) to evaluate NIS diluted with water and ethanol on in vitro ruminal fermentation and 2) to determine the influence of diluted NIS on digestibility of feedstuffs. In first experiment (Exp. 1), NIS was diluted with water or ethanol to measure its effects on in vitro microbial growth, ruminal enzyme activities and gas production by mixed ruminal microbial culture. The NIS was diluted with water or ethanol separately in a 1:5 ratio (w/v). Water and ethanol-diluted NIS with wheat flour were added with rice straw-based mixed ruminal microbial cultures at the rate of 2 ㎎ NIS/16 ㎖ McDougall buffer plus 4 ml ruminal fluid solution. The mixed ruminal microbial culture was run without any NIS addition as control. Addition of NIS either diluted with water or ethanol has significantly reduced the gas production in mixed ruminal microbial culture at 12 and 24 h of incubation. At 48 h post incubation, gas production was the highest with the addition of ethanol diluted NIS followed by water-diluted NIS and control. Carboxy methyl cellulase activity in rice straw-based mixed ruminal bacterial culture was significantly higher with the addition of ethanol-diluted NIS compared with the addition of water-diluted NIS and control at 24 and 72 h post incubation. In second in vitro experiment (Exp. 2), effects of addition of ethanol diluted NIS on dry matter (DM) digestibility of alfalfa hay, gas production, pH and cellular growth in mixed ruminal microbial culture were examined. Alfalfa hay based mixed ruminal microbial culture without any NIS addition was run as a control. The pH of mixed ruminal microbial culture was significantly lower than control at all post incubation sampling hours. In vitro DM digestibility of alfalfa hay was significantly higher with the addition of NIS compared with control. Gas production was significantly less with NIS addition compared with control at all post incubation sampling hours. Microbial growth in mixed ruminal microbial culture was significantly increased with the addition of NIS compared to control.

유산양의 에너지 및 단백질 이용성을 조사하기 위하여 대조구(A), TDN 증량구(B), 조단백질 증량구(C) 그리고 TDN 및 조단백질 증량구(D)로 구분하여 섭취량, 소화율과 질소 및 에너지 이용성을 시험하였다. 공시축은 유산양(Saanen, 평균체중 17.5kg, female) 12두를 공시하였고, 2008년 10월 20일부터 11월 9일까지 충남대학교 부설동물사육장에서 수행하였다. 건물 섭취량은 D구에서 가장 높았으며 B구가 C구보다 유의적으로 높

This study was carried out between November 2007 and October 2008 in the experimental farm of Chunnam National University to investigate the effect of feeding of whole crop barley silage on the reproductive performance of Hanwoo heifers and cows. Two diets, rice straw or whole crop barley silage separately from concentrate were fed 11 Hanwoo heifers and 26 Hanwoo cows. In control group (=CON), heifers (n=6) and cows (n=13) were fed 7 kg (/head) rice straw and 4 kg (/head) commercial diet. In whole crop barley silage group (=WBG), heifers (n=5) and cows (n=13) were fed 8 kg (/head) whole crop barley silage and 1 kg (/head) commercial diet. 1. Conception rates for first service in CON or WBG heifers were 66.7% (4/6) and 60.0% (3/5), respectively, and the services per conception cows were 1.5±0.2 for CON and 1.4±0.2 for WBG group. 2. Days to post-partum insemination were 106.6±26.3 days for CON and 85.6±12.6 days for WBG group, and days to post-partum conception in CON or WBG were 128.4±27.1 and 96.8±16.8 days, respectively. 3. Post-partum conception rates for first service in CON or WBG were 76.9% (10/13) and 84.6% (11/13), respectively, and caving interval was 418.1±50.7 days for CON and 392.8±20.7 days for WBG group.

본 연구는 홀스타인, 한국재래산양 및 한우유로부터 glycomacropeptide(GMP)를 분리하였으며, 각 GMP의 trypsin 가수분해물의 혈소판응집 억제 효과를 in vitro 상에서 알아보았다. 홀스타인, 한국재래산양 및 한우의 GMP는 분자량이 모두 약 20 KDa이었으며, sialic acid 함량은 각각 36.86±2.36, 37.98±1.27 및 31.19±1.87㎍/mg이었다. 또한 모든 개체의 GMP에서 tyrosine이 검출되었다. 홀스타인, 한국재래산양 및 한우 GMP의 trypsin 가수분해물에 의한 혈소판 응집 억제율은 반응 30초에 4.02, 5.51 및 12.77%로 각각 나타나 시간이 경과할수록 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 혈소판의 현미경 관찰 결과 가수분해물 첨가 후 혈소판 수가 증가하였으나, 첨가 후 30초가 경과한 시점부터 혈소판 수가 감소하기 시작하여 120초 후에는 관찰 할 수 없었다. 본 실험 결과 bovine 및 caprine GMP의 trypsin 가수분해물에서 혈소판 응집을 억제할 수 있는 small peptide가 있는 것으로 생각되며, 향후 이러한 연구는 심근경색증 및 뇌혈전증을 예방할 수 있는 생리활성 물질로 이용될 수 있을 것이라 생각된다.

본 시험은 국내 TMR 배합소에 대한 실태조사를 통하여 문제점을 파악하고 개선방향을 제시하기 위하여 수행하였다. TMR 배합소 20개소 조사결과 조사 배합소의 65%인 13개소가 사료배합비 작성을 외부에 의뢰하고 있는 것으로 조사되었으며, 배합비 작성 등 컨설턴트 비용으로 월 평균 만원 정도를 지출하고 있어, 컨설팅 비용에 대한 부담으로 경영비를 상승시키는 요인이 되는 것으로 나타났다. 국내 유통 TMR에는 에너지가인 TDN가를 표기하고 있지 않아 농가

본 연구의 목적은 TMR 제조 시 물을 첨가하여 수분 함량을 높여줄 경우 수분 함량(15, 35, 50%)과 발효제(Lactobacillus plantarum) 첨가유무에 따라 저장방법(자연노출과 밀봉보관) 경과시간별(자연노출 : 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72시간, 밀봉보관 : 0, 2, 6, 10, 14, 18일) 사료가치 변화를 조사할 목적으로 실시하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 자연노출 상태로 저장한 경우, 수분 함량이 적을수록 외관상태가

본 연구는 젖소에 있어서 인공수정 후 외인성 progesterone과 estradiol을 병용 투여하거나 progesterone을 단독 투여하는 경우에 처리기간별 젖소의 번식 성적에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 대조군, CIDR에 estradiol 캡슐을 부착시킨 progesterone과 estradiol 병용 투여군(PE군) 및 CIDR에서 estradiol 캡슐을 제거한 progesterone 단독 투여군(P군)로 구분하여, 인공수정 후 14일째에