본 연구는 각종 매설관의 경계조건에 따른 동적 거동에 대한 연구이다. 축방향 및 축직각방향에 대한 거동을 조사하였다. 매설관은 탄성기초 위에 놓인 보요소로 모형화하였고, 지진파는 정현파 형태의 지반 변위로 적용하였다. 매설관의 고유진동수와 모드 형태 그리고 매개변수의 영향을 조사하기 위해 자유 진동에 대한 해석을 수행했다. 그리고 지반진동에 대한 거동을 조사하기 위해 자유진동 해석을 통해 얻어진 고유진동수와 모드 형태를 이용하여 강제 진동에 대한수식을 유도하였다. 자유 진동시 매설관의 고유진동수에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것은 지반 강성과 매설관의 길이였다. 지반진동의 전파방향과 전파속도 그리고 진동수에 대한 콘크리트관, 강관, FRP관의 동적거동을 연구하였고 그 결과를 비교하였으며 다양한 단부경계조건에 대한 동적거동해석을 통해 매설관의 종류와 단부경계조건에 따른 최대 변형률 발생지점을 산정하였다.

This paper presents a method for choosing quality characteristics to consider safety by integrating QFD based on quality requirements and AHP based on safety requirements, also shows resources allocation method to maximize customer satisfaction by ranking the index of technical importance to cost.

Consumers require various quality characteristics including safety. The reduction of risk concerned on product safety becomes an urgent issue in leading companies. The strategy for customer satisfaction by choosing attractive quality characteristic is not enough for risk reduction in view of producer. This paper presents a method for choosing quality characteristics and risk characteristics by integrating QFD based on quality requirements and AHP based on safety requirements, also shows its application for complex equipment.

Consumers require various quality characteristics including safety. The reduction of risk concerned on product safety becomes urgent issue in leading companies. The strategy for customer satisfaction by choosing attractive quality characteristic is not enough for risk reduction in view of producer. This paper presents a method for choosing quality characteristics and risk characteristics by integrating QFD based on quality requirements and AHP based on safety requirements, also shows its application for complex equipment.

본 연구는 숫소 개체별, 정자의 형태, 정자의 전처리 및 난자의 투명대부착과 미부착별로 현미조작에 의해 난자의 세포질내 단일정자를 주입했을 때 웅성전핵 형성율과 체외발생율을 조사하였다. 1. 숫소 개체별 정자를 이용하여 ICSI를 하였을 때 웅성전핵 형성율은 각각 73.9∼87.0%였고 체외발생율은 33.3∼60.9%를 나타냈다. 2. 신선 및 동결정자와 미부절단 정자와 두부, 미부손상 정자를 이용하여 ICSI를 하였을 때 웅성전핵 형성율은 각각 82.

This study was designed to predict the risk of a hazard chemical, vinyl chloride, by applying dose-response assessment that are one of the major process in practicing risk assessment. After extrapolating from the high dose exposure of vinyl chloride based upon animal carcinogenic data to the low dose exposed to human using several mathematical models, we calculated the cancer potency factors as well as virtually safe dose and the resulted values were compared. This process will provide the new insight to assess the risk of a chemical accurately imposed to human in the future.

Physical therapists have been using balance and weight shifting training to induce improvements in standing and walking. This study compared the effects of kinetic feedback frequency and concurrent kinetic feedback on the performance and learning of a weight shifting skill in young, nondisabled adults. Sixteen young adults without known impairment of the neuromusculoskeletal system volunteered for the study. Subjects in each of three kinetic feedback groups performed a weight shifting task in an attempt to minimize error between their effort and a center of pressure (COP) template for a 12 second period. Feedback was provided: 1) concurrently (concurrent feedback), 2) after each trial (100% feedback), 3) after every other trial (50% feedback). Immediate and delayed (24 hour) retention tests were performed without feedback. During acquisition phase, the concurrent feedback group exhibited less error than either of the post response feedback group. For the immediate retention test, the 50% feedback group exhibited less error than did the 100% feedback and concurrent feedback. During the delayed retention, 50% feedback group displayed less error than did the other groups. But no significant differences were found between groups. These results suggest that practice with concurrent feedback is beneficial for the immediate performance, but not for the learning of this weight shifting skill. Lower frequency of feedback resulted in more permanent changes in the subject's ability to complete the task.

Effect of quinolinedione derivative (OQ-21) on phenylephrine induced vasoconstriction was investigated using aortic rings in organ bath isolated from rats. Treatment with OQ-21 resulted in moderate increase in vasoconstriction in a dose-dependent manner. In addition we studied acute intraperitoneal toxicity of OQ-21 in male and female ICR mice. The changes of body weight and clinical signs were observed for 7 days after single dose of OQ-21 from 50 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg. There were no significant changes in body weight and clinical signs. Any mouse didn't die even at maximal dose. Autopsy of OQ-21 treated mice revealed no abnormal difference from contol mice, These results suggest that OQ-21 be moderately safe and could be developed as effective drug.

Platelets serve many biological functions, including a major role in the haemostatic process. But platelets also play a crucial role in the formation of arterial thrombosis, arteriosclerosis and other pathologic processes. Thus, there have been many studies to develop new antiplatelet agents from foods and plants for decades. In this study, inhibitory effects of the oriental onion (Allium fistulosum) on platelet aggregation were investigated using platelet rich plasma (PRP). Water extracts of oriental onion was separated into two fractions (Fraction I and Fraction II by Sephadex G-150 column. Platelet aggregations were inhibited by total water extracts as well as Fraction I and II. IC_(50) value of Fraction I was much lower than that of Fraction II. Inhibitory effects of total water extracts of oriental onion on ATP release by PRP were also observed.

The optimal design of floating type fisheries facilities in the open sea is demanded considering with the severe hydrodynamic forces on floating body, mooring tension and holding force of anchor. For conserving the facilities in most effective state, design and selection of anchor system is one of the most important fundamental subject. To enhance the design procedure of anchor system the holding forces of anchor are investigated by the hydraulic model test and are compared with the typical conventional results for various anchors. Applicability of previous estimation methods of holding force are checked and holding mechanism of anchor is discussed. Using the results a new computational concept of holding force is suggested considering mainly the effects of passive soil pressure (resistance), steady soil pressure, and surface friction etc. The new estimation method is proved as a feasible one by comparing the results of hydraulic model experiments. Applicability of various anchors to the anchor system on open sea fisheries structures is comprehensively reviewed using the present model tests and previous study results in the viewpoint of economy, construction and stability etc. Using the results, fundamental anchoring system design procedures are suggested to apply huge marine ranching complex with increase of the holding capacity of anchor under the optimum cost.

Aloe, being used widely as a health food and also as a traditional folk remedy for burns and constipation, contains quinone derivatives particularly in its skin. Thus, we have investigated the effect of extracts of Aloe on ethanol metabolism. The dried powder of water extract of skinned Aloe (300 mg/kg body weight given to rats by oral administration at 30 min prior to oral administration of ethanol given at a dose of 4 gm/kg) and the freeze-dried Aloe gel commercial product (600 mg/kg) which was prepared after selective elimination of quinones were found not to increase the ethanol metabolism rate in vivo. This result suggested that quinones, missing from the above preparations, might be responsible for enhancing ethanol metabolism rate.

바이오매스의 활용 기술 중 열분해는 열적 분해를 통해 바이오촤, 타르(바이오오일, 열분해가스)를 생산할 수 있는 열처리 방법이다. 저속 열분해는 바이오촤 생산에 가장 이상적인 방법으로써 이를 통해 생산된 바이오촤는 토양에 활용할 경우 토양질 개량 및 온실가스를 반 영구적으로 격리할 수 있다. 또 다른 부산물인 바이오 오일과 가스를 연료 및 열원으로 사용하여 온실가스 저감효과와 에너지 효율을 향상시킬 수 있다. 본 연구는 인도네시아의 농업 부산물인 볏짚을 대상으로 저속 열분해 특성에 대해 분석하였다. 저속 열분해 실험 방법은 상온에서 300-700℃까지 약 10℃/min으로 승온하였다. 볏짚의 연료 특성은 수분함량이 7.3%, 회분의 함량은 20.9%, 휘발분/고정탄소(VM/FC)는 3.7으로 나타난다. 볏짚은 탄소 48.8 %daf, 수소 6.0 %daf, 산소 43.3 %daf 함량으로 나타나며, 발열량은 13.5 MJ/kg이다. 열분해 온도 조건 300-700℃에서 획득한 바이오촤의 수율은 열분해 온도가 상승함에 따라 57.0–39.1 wt.%로 감소한다. 바이오 오일과 열분해 가스의 수율은 각각 30.2-39.2, 12.9-21.7 wt.%로 증가한다. 열분해를 통해 생산된 바이오촤는 열분해 온도가 상승할수록 탈휘발되어 대부분 고정탄소로 이루어져있다. 또한, 수소(5.2-1.3 %daf)와 산소(22.8-7.0 %daf)의 함량이 낮아지며, 탄소(68.7-91.2 %daf)의 함량은 증가한다. 바이오매스 총 질량 대비 바이오촤의 탄소 수율은 97.3-102.9 %로 나타났다. 높은 탄소 함량의 바이오촤는 안정된 물질로써 산화 없이 토양내 장기간 존재하므로 탄소격리 효과를 얻을 수 있다. 2-50 nm 크기 기공의 비표면적은 600℃에서 약 85 m²/g으로 비교적 크지만, 그 이하 온도에서는 약 2-24 m²/g으로 낮게 나타났다. 기공체적 분석 결과, 100 nm-100 μm의 다양한 크기로 분포하였다. 바이오촤의 50 nm 이하의 기공에서는 토양내 영양분을 흡착하며, 5-40 μm에서는 공생미생물이 서식하여 작물의 성장 및 토양질 개선에 큰 이점이 있다. 열분해 오일은 분자량이 높은 탄화수소 성분으로 구성되어 검고 점도가 높은 Heavy phase와 수분의 함량이 높고 분자량이 낮은 탄화수소로 구성된 Aqueous phase로 나누어 분석하였다. Heavy phase의 수분함량은 약 7-16 %로 낮으며, Aqueous phase는 약 80-84 %로 높게 나타났다. 탄소함량은 약 25-29 %wet이며, 발열량은 약 11-13 MJ/kg으로 약 45 MJ/kg인 중유의 발열량에 비해 약 1/4로 나타난다. 바이오 오일의 에너지 수율은 바이오매스 열량 대비 31.9-41.7 %로 나타났다. 따라서, 연료로서 가치는 높지 않지만, 중유 및 다른 연료와 혼소하여 충분히 활용 가능하다. 또 다른 열분해 부산물 중 열분해 가스는 열분해 초기 온도에서는 CO와 CO₂가 발생하며, 약 450℃ 이후의 온도에서 소량의 CH₄와 H₂가 발생한다. 300, 400℃의 낮은 열분해 온도 조건에서 발열량은 3.3, 3.9 MJ/kg으로 낮지만, 500-700℃에서는 CH₄와 H₂의 영향으로 5.4-9.4 MJ/kg으로 증가하였다. 300-700℃의 온도에서 에너지수율은 바이오매스 열량 대비 3.2-15.3 %로 나타났다. 열분해 가스는 낮은 온도를 요구하는 열분해 공정의 열원으로 활용이 가능하다.

Land application of biochar (or charcoal) has increasingly been recognized due to its favorable effect as soil amendments. However, depending upon the nature of biomass and pyrolysis condition, biochar may be rich in hazardous inorganic elements. Giant Miscanthus showed its potential as a promising source for biochar manufacture but, the risk of heavy metal leaching from Giant Miscanthus-derived biochar (GMB) has not investigated. The objective of this study was to investigate the heavy metal leachability of GMB manufactured from 3 different temperatures (400, 500, and 700oC). Elemental composition of C, N, H, S, O and 18 metals were analyzed. Leaching concentration of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn was analyzed using 4 different methods (0.1 N HCl, 1 N NH4OAc, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure, and synthetic precipitation leaching procedure). For comparison, same analysis were performed for two char materials, municipal solid waste char (MWC) and sewage sludge char (SSC), manufactured from pilot-scale muncipal waste gasification plant. Elemental composition of GMB complied with the fertilizer guideline whereas the several heavy metal content (Cd, Ni, Pb, and Zn for MWC, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn for SSC) was beyond the criteria. From leaching test, concentration of heavy metals from GMB was positively increased with pyrolysis temperature and the acidity of extractant solution. Leaching concentration of plant nutrients (Ca, K, and Mg) was the highest by 1N NH4OAc. Meanwhile, leaching concentration of Cu from MWC and Pb from SSC exceeded the regulatory standard of Korea and US EPA, respectively. In conclusion, with respect to the risk of heavy metals, Giant Miscanthus-derived biochar will be suitable for land application as a soil amendment, while care should be taken for using municipal waste-derived char materials.