본 연구는 붉은꽃인동덩굴의 적심높이(60, 120, 180 cm) 가 가지길이, 측지수 및 피복에 미치는 적심높이별 영 향을 알아 보기 위하여 수행하였다. 인동덩굴의 줄기길 이는 고절위(180 cm) 적심이 저절위(60 cm) 적심보다 길 었고, 측지수는 저절위 적심이 고절위 적심보다 많았다. 그러나 분지수는 적심처리간에 큰 차이가 없었다. 퍼골라 벽면의 피복도는 저절위 적심이 85%, 중절위 적심이 74%, 고절위 적심이 62%를 보였다. 개화는 5월 중순부터 10월 중순까지 계속되었고, 첫 개화는 60 cm 적심이 5월 중순으로 가장 빨랐다. 대체로 적심 높이가 낮고 적심시기가 빠를수록 개화가 빨랐고, 개화최성기는 8월 중순이었다. 붉은꽃인동덩굴을 이용한 퍼골라 벽면의 가로 3.0 m ×높이 2.2 m 녹화를 하기 위해서는 퍼골 라당 6주(1m당 2주)를 재식하고, 60 cm 벽면 높이에서 1회 적심하면 당년에 85%의 벽면스크린 및 녹화가 가 능하였다.

It has been reported that light-emitting diodes(LED) can be used in the treatment of oral diseases. Although bio-stimulatory effects of LED irradiation such as promotion of wound healing have been well known, there are few reports about molecular mechanisms associated with wound healing by LED irradiation. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the expression pattern of various extracellular matrix(ECM) molecules in relation to wound healing after LED irradiation on primary human gingival fibroblasts(hGFs) in vitro. The source of light for irradiation was a continuous-wave LED emitting at a wavelength of 635 nm, and manufactured that energy density was 5 mW/cm2 on sample surfaces. The hGFs were irradiated for 1 hour at 37℃ in 5% CO2 humidified chamber. Experimental samples were acquired at 0 (right after irradiation), 24 and 48 hour after irradiation. To investigate the molecular mechanisms associated with wound healing, we examined the mRNA expression of 6 types of collagens, 7 types of matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs) and 4 types of tissue inhibition of metalloproteinases(TIMPs) after LED irradiation by RT-PCR. The mRNA expression of collagen 4, MMP-3, 9, and 16, and TIMP-3 was influenced by LED irradiation. Generally, the collagen expression of the irradiation group was slightly increased, particularly collagen 4 was significantly increased at 0 hour. The expression of MMP-3 was increased at 0 and 24 hours and MMP-16 was increased at 24 hours, respectively. The expression of MMP-9 was decreased at 0 hour and increased at 24 and 48 hours. The mRNA expression of TIMP-3 was significantly decreased at 24 and 48 hours after irradiation. These results suggest that the altered expression of ECM molecules after LED irradiation may contribute to the accelerated wound healing.

The purposes of this study were to measure the job satisfaction levels of F&B(Food & Beverage) personnel in hotel by using JDI(Job Descriptive Index), to investigate relationships between demographic variables or job type and job satisfaction, to determine the relative importance of the five facets and to identify the effects of job satisfaction on turnover intention by hotel. Questionnaire was developed and distributed to 660 employees who are currently working in food & beverage department of hotel A (Domestic independent deluxe hotel) and hotel B(international chain deluxe hotel). A total of 498 questionnaires were usable; resulting in 75.5% response rate. The survey was conducted between March 16 to 27, 2000. As a result of analysis on job satisfaction, total JDI score was 136.57 out of full mark 210. Personnel of Hotel A was more satisfied significantly with work itself (p<.01), supervision (p<.001), co-worker (p<.01), total JDI (p<.001) than those of hotel B. Total JDI and work itself score were higher on employees of front of the house than those of back of the house in both of hotels. Payroll was the most important facet on job satisfaction. Finally, work itself (p<.001) and payroll (p<.05) had a significant effect on turnover intention in hotel A and work itself (p<.001), supervision (p<.05) and promotion (p<.05) did in hotel B. The findings indicated the necessity of human resource management apt to the vision of enterprise and the organizational culture.

The number 01' patien ts with tongue carcinoma is increasing rapidly among young indiv idua ls in many parts of the worl d. Until now‘ most of studies were focused on the comparison malignancy wi th normal 01' dysplasia. There is little report of gene a lterations in normal to cancer , oral carcinogenesis. The purpose of present study is to evaluate the gene a ltc ration in every steps of oral carcinogenes is by DD- PCR. To induce tongue carcinoma in rat by 4- NQO. each dri nking water made 10ppm. 25ppm. 50ppm and control(o nly D.W without 4-NQO) . Specimens were classified into 4 groups s uch as co ntrol, I(mild & mocle rate dysplasia) , II(severe dysplasia and car cinoma in s itu) , III(carcinoma). Total RNA was ext racted and DD- PCR was performed using customized random primers. And to confïrmed t he results of DD-PCR‘ RT- PCR a nd real-time PCR with specific primers were carried out. There was phenotypic alteration in tongue 。f dosc a nd t imc dc pcndcnt man ncr. In gross examination, multiple papules, patch form or ulcerations were observed during 4 - NQO t reatment Hi s tologicall y, dysplasia was observed in 3 to 6 month and tumor formation in 6 to 8 month For DD-PCR, RT-PCR and real-time PCR, cyclophilin A, BAC RP23-372MB and BAC CH230-103E9 were differ entia lly expressed. Taken together, cyclophilin A has a role in all steps of oral carcinogenesis. BAC RP23-372N田is implica ted in carcinoma in s itu a nd BAC CH230-103E9 mRNA expression is assoicated with dysplasia and carcinom in s itu Conclus ively. some genes a re impli catcd a ll st eps of oral carci nogenesis, others are associated with one step, whi ch meant that genes are di fferentia lly expressed in every steps

LEDs have been shown to be a safe, efficient, light-weight, and less-expensive alternative to heal wound. LED irradiation at the same biostimulatory wavelength of previous laser studies have similar biochemical effects The purpose of present study is to evaluate the effects of wound healing by LED irradiation. Thirty 34-day-old sprague dawley were used for present study. 1.5mm diameter defected holes were formed in both ear lobes of rat by rubber dam punch. 635nm and 890nm irradiation was performed by LED for 2 weeks, followed by histologíc examination staíned with H&E and Masson trichrome. Also, RT-PCR was carried out to find out the mRNA expression level in gingival fjbroblast irradiated by 635nm for 1 hour. In gross exarnination, wound healing was observed in irradiated group comparing to control For microscopic exarnination, repair by connective tissues was filled in defects of irradiated group, while dense cellular bands consisting of fjbroblasts and capi llaries were found at the end of defect in control By staining of masson trichrome, amount of collagens were found in irradiated group. In a result of RT-PCR, mRNA expressions of TGF- ß , MMP-1,3 and Timp-3 were down-regulated in irradiated group comparing with their expression in control group. Taken together, LED irradiation increase the prolifeation and the activity of fibroblasts and down-regualted the TGF-ß , MMP- 1,3 and Timp- 3 mRNA, followed by activation of would healing.