The purpose of this study was to investigate the qualitative changes of the citron by identifying the type of solution and addition of the solution to prevent the browning reaction of the citron in a way that inhibits the browning of the citron. The browning inhibitor solution was investigated using the individual and mixture, and the results of the degree of browning and chromaticity showed that vitamin C+NaCl+cyclodextrin (CD) had the lowest browning of 0.52. In chromaticity, the ΔE values indicate that the higher the value, the greater the change in color, and the lowest value of the vitamin C+NaCl+CD mixture was 47.0, indicating that there was minimal browning compared to other treatment. The active change of the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in the citron increased enzyme activity as the browning progressed, and the vitamin C+NaCl+CD solution was the lowest at 68.40 μ/g among the anti-browning solution. Based on these research results, it seems that the CD mixing solution can be used as a citron browning inhibitor.

PURPOSES : The objective of this study is to understand blow-up distress and causes in concrete pavement. METHODS : Feasible causes of blow-up and existing models were reviewed based on the literature. Three analytical models were adopted to perform a sensitivity analysis. Input parameters reflected the typical concrete pavement of national expressways. Evaluation of blow-up models was based on the amount of temperature increase and zero stress temperature of the concrete pavement. RESULTS : A review of the literature indicated that the five major causes of blow-up were: increase in temperature and solar radiation, alkaliaggregate reaction (AAR), friction characteristics between the concrete slab and subbase, joint closure (incompressible), and joint freezing. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the coefficient of thermal expansion had the greatest influence on the blow-up safety temperature. CONCLUSIONS : From existing blow-up model results, it could be concluded that the construction of concrete pavement during the winter season was not effective at preventing blow-up. In addition, an equivalent coefficient of thermal expansion that considers slab expansion due to AAR was proposed as a model input parameter for concrete pavement sections damaged by AAR.

1,3,5-benzenetricarbonyl trichloride는 3개의 아실클로라이드가 벤젠고리 1,3,5에 위치한 화학물질로, 높은 가교도 를 통한 물리적⋅화학적 특성을 요구하는 곳에 사용하는 중요한 화학물이다. 특히 일정 기공크기를 갖고 있는 3차원 구조체 형성이 가능하여, 다양한 분리 정제 분야에 사용되고 있다. 하지만 아실클로라이드의 높은 반응성은 반응속도가 빠른 장점을 갖고 있지만, 다른 측면에서는 일정한 성능을 가질 수 있도록 화학적 제어가 어려운 점도 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 1,3,5- benzenetricarbonyl trichloride의 화학적 변화가 어떻게 분리막 성능에 영향을 주는지 관찰하였다.

This study explores the application aspect of The detailed rules of Census (1896) through the change of Kan numbers in Gyeonpyeong-bang. Although Gyeonpyeong-bang was a high-priority area because of its location, it was difficult to trace the operation of the urban situation due to lack of data. This study is focusing on restoring space and society in the Gyeonpyeong-bang using the information on the type of houses and the number of Kan listed in the family register of Hanseong-bu. The detailed rules of Census sets out provisions for the family registry and the rules of making Tong. Especially when it comes to the rules of making Tong, this rule deals with the code of making ten Hos into one Tong. This study was conducted by dividing the status of the Tong into three types: uncompleted Tong, exceeded Tong without vacant Ho number, and exceeded Tong with the vacant Ho number. Since these three types of Tong are in the process of change towards the complete Tong with 10 Hos, they were thought to be able to demonstrate the specific application of the rules. This study will be meaningful as a case study that expands the point of existing research on the Tong making rules, which was not focused relatively on restoring urban conditions at that time, by looking at the changes in exceptions that deviated from the Sipgajaktong rule.

본 연구는 서번트 리더십이 조직구성원들의 건설적 일탈에 미치는 영향력을 살펴보려는 목적에서 수행되었다. 또한 조직기반 자긍심의 매개역할을 살펴보았다. 서번트 리더십을 통해 조직기반 자긍심이 높 아지며, 높은 조직기반 자긍심이 건설적 일탈로 이어진다는 것이다. 한편 서번트 리더십이 조직기반 자긍심에 미치는 영향력에 있어서 조직정치 지각의 조절효과를 살펴봄으로써 서번트 리더십 발휘의 상황적 맥락도 파악하였다. 건설적 일탈은 혁신지향, 조직도전 그리고 대인관계로 구분하였으며 전체 건설적 일탈로 묶어서도 분석하였다. 조직정치 지각은 전반적인 조직정치 지각을 살펴보기 위해 이익을 위해 가만히 있기와 임금/승진 정책을 묶어서 전체 조직정치 지각으로 분석하였다. 광주지역 제조업과 서비스업종 기업에 근무하고 있는 조직구성원들을 표본으로 하였으며 동일방법편의의 문제를 해결하기 위해 응답의 원천을 상사응답과 자기응답으로 설문지를 수거하여 분석하였다. 348부를 최종분석에 활용하였으며 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 서번트 리더십은 건설적 일탈을 높이고 있었다. 둘째, 조직기반 자긍심은 건설적 일탈을 높이고 있었다. 셋째, 조직기반 자긍심은 서번트 리더십과 건설적 일탈과의 관계를 매개하고 있었다. 넷째, 서번트 리더십이 조직기반 자긍심에 미치는 영향력을 조직정치 지각이 조절하고 있었다. 다섯째, 매개효과와 조절효과를 모두 고려한 조절된 매개효과를 살펴보았다. 조건부 간접효과에 있어서 건설적 일탈 중 혁신지향과 전체에 유의미한 결과가 나타나고 있어 조절된 매개효과를 확인하였다. 조직도전과 대인관계에 대한 조절된 매개효과는 유의미한 결과가 나타나지 않았다. 결과적으로 건설적 일탈에 있어서 서번트 리더십이 중요한 선행변수라는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 서번트 리더십은 조직기반 자긍심을 높이고 높아진 조직기반 자긍심이 건설적 일탈로 이어진다는 것을 확인하였다. 이때 조직정치 지각이 낮은 경우에 그 영향력이 더욱 크다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 서번트 리더십이 건설적 일탈의 중요한 선행변수라는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 조직기반 자긍심은 서번트 리더십이 긍정적 결과로 이어지는 과정으로서의 의미를 갖고 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 자연스러운 현상이라고 하더라도 조직에서 비공식적 영향력인 조직정치가 서번트 리더십의 긍정적 영향력을 약화시키고 있다는 점을 통해서 조직정치를 줄이려는 노력이 필요하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 특히 조직의 규정, 규범을 넘어서 이를 바로잡으려는 건설적 일탈을 높이기 위해서는 조직정치를 줄이는 것이 필요하다.

PURPOSES : In this study, a numerical clogging model that can be used to realistically visualize the movement of particles in cylindrical permeability test equipment was proposed based on the system coupling of computational fluid dynamics with the discrete element method and experimental permeability test results. This model can also be used to simulate the interaction of dust particles with bedding particles. METHODS: A 4-way system coupling method with multiphase volumes of the fluid model and porous media model was proposed. The proposed model needs to consider the influence of flow on the dust particles, interaction between the dust particles, and interaction between the dust particles and bedding layer particles. The permeability coefficient of the bedding layer in cylindrical permeability test equipment was not calculated by using the permeability test result, but was estimated by using the particle packing model and Ergun model. RESULTS : The numerical simulation demonstrated a good agreement with the experimental test results in terms of permeability and drain time. Additionally, the initial movement of particles due to the sudden drain hole opening was successfully captured by the numerical model. CONCLUSIONS : A 4-way coupling model was sufficient to simulate the water flow and particle movement in cylindrical permeability test equipment. However, additional tests and simulation are required to utilize the model for more realistic block pavement systems.

PURPOSES : In this study, a series of fundamental falling head permeability tests were conducted on a binary particle mix bedding to determine the minimum water level, bedding layer thickness, and amount of dust that can result in the stable permeability with high repeatability. The determined condition is used to develop a CFD-DEM coupled clogging model that can explain the movement of dust particles in flowing water of a block pavement system. METHODS: A binary particle mixture is utilized to experimentally simulate an ideal bedding layer of a block pavement system. To obtain a bedding layer with maximum packing degree, the well-known particle packing degree model, i.e., the modified Toufar model, was utilized. The permeability of the bedding layer for various water levels, bedding layer thicknesses, and amounts of dust was calculated. The permeability for a small water level drop was also plotted to evaluate the effect of dust on the bedding layer clogging. RESULTS: It was observed that a water level of 100 mm, bedding depth of 70 mm, and dust amount of 0.3 g result in a stable permeability condition with high repeatability. The relationship between the minimum dust amount and surface clogging of the bedding layer was suggested based on the evaluation of the volumetric calculation of the particle and void and the permeability change in the test. CONCLUSIONS: The test procedure to determine the minimum water level, bedding thickness, and dust amount was successfully proposed. The mechanism of clogging on the surface of the bedding layer was examined by relating the volumetric characteristics of dust to the clogging surface.

This study is aimed to develop an improved shellfish dredge vessel considering the increase of the fishing safety and welfare of fishermen in Jeonnam province. We visited five fishing village societies in Korea, and conducted field surveys and survey questions to investigate the current status. In order to solve the problems presented by the investigation, a general arrangement of the improvement vessel was written and adopted after meeting between the fishermen and research team, and calculated the initial stability in five loading conditions by using the Napa program. As a result of field surveys and survey questions, the existing vessel have buoyant materials under the bow and the warp pass through the wheel-house. In addition, most fishing equipment and nets are concentrated on a narrow stern, making it difficult to work efficiently. According to the survey, fishermen also responded that operation of casting and hauling is very inconvenient. The fishing equipment of the improvement vessel was rearranged, the size of the wheel-house and the crew room was increased, and we secured a basic welfare space. As a result of the initial stability test, the stability criteria of the fishing vessel were satisfied in all loading condition.