Hymenoptera is one of the most important pollinators for many crops and wild plants in Korea. Many species visit in flowers for acquirement energy source of adults, and especially bees need pollen for rearing larvae. So, bees forage on flowers more than other insects. In 2023, specice number of bees in Korea is 308 species under 6 families, 38genera. However, many bees as like bumblebees are reduced rapidly because of climate change to warm, habitat destruction as like urbanization and pestcide abuse as like Neonicotinate. For example, in Gwangreung forests there were 6 species records : Bombus ignitus, B. ardens, B. koreanus, B. ussuriensis, B. atripes and B. opulantus. But, in 2023 we could find only two species Bombus ignitus and B. ardens. Bees need protection of Habitat, healthe, and food plants by human.

Halictidae 전 세계적으로 3,500종 이상 발견된 큰 그룹이며 사람들의 땀에 이끌리는 특성을 보여 Sweat bee라는 이름으로 불린다. 이번 연 구에서는 꼬마꽃벌과에 속하는 Halictus hedini hedini Blüthgen, 1934을 한국에서 처음으로 보고한다. 본 종의 기재, 분포정보, 그리고 삽화를 제공 한다.

2015년부터 2022년도까지 6개목(딱정벌레목, 노린재목, 나비목, 벌목, 파리목, 총채벌레목) 곤충들에 대해서 식물검역현장 검출실적과 국내 보고된 미기록종을 분석하였다. 해당기간 동안 국경검역에서 6개목 곤충은 총 45,084건이 검출되었다. 같은 기간 국내에서는 총 545종이 미기록종 으로 보고되었으며, 이중 9종은 국경검역에서도 검출된 것으로 확인되었다. 검역현장에서는 딱정벌레목, 총채벌레목, 노린재목이 높은 검출률을 보 였으며, 국내 미기록종 중에서는 벌목이 176종으로 가장 많이 보고되었다. 본 연구를 통해 침입압력(국경검역 검출)과 실제 침입(국내 미기록종 발 견) 사이에 비동시성이 확인되었다. 향후 보다 장기적인 분석이 필요할 뿐만 아니라 지속적인 식물검역시스템 개선이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

호박꽃과실파리(Z. scutellata)는 박과작물에 피해를 주는 중요한 해충이다. 현재 큐루어(Cuelure)는 국내에서 검역 대상 해충으로 규정된 오이과실파리, 타우과실파리, 및 퀸슬랜드과실파리와 더불어 호박꽃과실파리 수컷 성충의 예찰에 다양한 제형으로 활용되고 있다. 본 연구는 액 체, 고체, 및 왁스제형의 큐루어에 대한 호박꽃과실파리 수컷 성충의 야외 유인효과를 검증하기 위한 것으로 2021년 4월부터 10월까지 제주 2개 지역과 경북 1개 조사에서 2주 간격으로 모니터링하였다. 호박꽃과실파리의 발생밀도가 높은 제주지역에서는 7월부터 8월에 액체와 왁스제형의 큐루어에 호박꽃과실파리가 더 많이 유인되어 통계적인 유의차가 있었으나, 호박꽃과실파리의 발생밀도가 낮은 경북지역에서는 제형별 유인력 에 차이가 없었다. 야외조사 결과를 바탕으로 액체와 왁스제형의 큐루어가 호박꽃과실파리 수컷 성충 예찰에 권장되며, 이 두 제형의 큐루어에 유 인되는 검역 대상 과실파리류의 국내 예찰에 효과적일 수 있다.

수입되는 서양뒤영벌과 그에 대한 화분매개 대체안들을 비교 평가하기 위해 증분이익을 추정하여 분석하였다. 분석결과, 판매수익에서 공통 생산원가를 차감한 증분수익은 인공수분을 사용할 때보다 화분매개곤충을 사용할 때 더 많았으며, 증분원가는 수입산 서양뒤영벌이나 꿀벌을 사용할 때보다 국내산 서양뒤영벌이나 인공수분을 사용할 때 더 적었다. 각 대안별 증분이익을 살펴보면, 수입산 서양뒤영벌 46,801 백만원, 국내산 서양뒤영벌 47,170 백만원, 꿀벌 46,975 백만원, 인공수분 29,839 백만원 이었다. 증분이익은 각 대안을 선택했을 경우 얻을 수 있는 회계적 이윤을 의미한다. 다만, 회계적 이윤 전부를 화분매개 대안이 기여한 것으로 볼 수 없으며, 귀속지대나 정상이윤과 같은 잠재적 비용이 포함되어 있다. 잠재적 비용에 해당하는 기회원가를 고려할 때, 수입산 서양뒤영벌을 사용하는 대안은 경제적 손실이 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 과수⋅작물 생산농가가 수입산 서양뒤영벌을 사용하는 대신 다른 대체안을 선택할 경우 추가적인 경제적 이윤을 창출할 수 있음을 의미한다.

Origin of Red imported fire ant (RIFA : Solenopsis invicta) is Central America, a tropical climate region. It has settled in the invasive area, causing various problems. In recent, Solenopsis invicta were discovered in Busan in 2017 and then in 2018 at a construction site in Busan, Pyongtaek, Incheon and in Daegu. This study aims to confirm the origin of invasive colonies of Solenopsis invicta. We tried to test previously developed microsatellite markers so that we establish the tracing protocol for molecular epidemiology of RIFA. We justified 66 microsatellite markers already developed using DNA from the RIFA found in Incheon Harbor. As results, 30 markers were selected to facilitate amplification and fragment analysis.

Interception data pertaining to Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Thysanoptera, and Hymenoptera collected at the Korean quarantine border were cross-checked with incursion data from 1996–2014. Overall, 114,636 interception records of 1,075 species belonging to the six orders were detected, while 33 species were confirmed as incursion species in Korea. Among the 33 species, only 14 (42.42%) were recorded as being intercepted at the quarantine border. These results indicate recent incursion species in Korea are not subject to inspection at Korean border. Among the 33 incursion species, 30 (90.90%) are agricultural pests, and 10 species (30.30%) are Hemiptera. Two factors, green house cultivation and parthenogenesis of exotic species, are suggested as reasons for successfully mounting an incursion into Korea. Taken together, the results of this study revealed that border inspections do not provide useful information to protect against occurrences of exotic species incursion and the current quarantine system needs improvement. In addition, it is necessary to consider how interception data might be collected in the future to improve its predictive power with respect to predicting incursion risk.

The phylogeny of the subfamily Sciarinae is reconstructed by the result of maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference of 4,809 bp from two mitochondrial (COI and 16S) and two nuclear (18S and 28S) genes. The current subfamily Sciarinae is polyphyletic, since the genera Chaetosciara, Mouffetina, Schwenckfeldina, and Scythropochroa are grouped separately as the sister clade of other subfamilies. The monophyly of the genera Chaetosciara, Sciara, Scythropochroa, and Trichosia s. str. is strongly supported; however, the genus Leptosciarella s. l. is polyphyletic due to the separation of subgenus Leptosciarella (Leptospina) as a sister taxa of remaining Sciarinae (Leptosciarella s. str., Sciara, and Trichosia s. str.). The classification of the Sciarinae is revised and discussed on the basis of molecular phylogenetic hypotheses.

Cecidomyiidae and Sciaridae (Diptera: Sciaroidea) are mostly mycophagous, feeding on decaying plant materials and fungi. On the shiitake bedlogs, great number of larvae of the species cause serious damage, feeding on the mycelium of the shiitake mushroom. We confirmed five species emerged from the shiitake bedlogs, which are two cecidomyiids and three sciarids. Using the DNA barcording, the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) region (658 bp), the larvae and adult flies were identified, and Camptomyia corticalis was confirmed as a major pest on shiitake mushroom.

As a member of fungus gnats, the genus Bradysia can be the pests on many kind of agricultural crops, including mushroom farming. Feeding on healthy roots of crops, they can also spread root rot diseases. In Korea Bradysia difformis is known as major pest in greenhouse crops (carrot, cucumbers, garlic, melon, potatoes, radish, strawberries, sugarbeet, sweetpepper, sweetpotato, etc). Besides Bradysia difformis, we report six Bradysia species for the first time in Korea.

In the family Sciaridae, only 3 species have been recorded in Korea, as the pests on various crops and mushrooms in glasshouse (Bradysia difformis Frey, 1948, Bradysia procera (Winnertz, 1868), Lycoriella ingenua (Dufour, 1839)), even though Sciaridae is one of the species-rich families in the order Diptera. There are plenty of species unknown in Korea which are very hard to identify by morphological characters in the larval, pupal stages and also female adults as well. Therefore, using the sequences of cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI) from adult male, we tested the utilities of DNA barcode to identify the species of sciarid flies.

Five genera and 7 species of sciarid flies were collected in shiitake mushroom farm from 2007 to 2009. Among them, Lycoriella ingenua was dominant as a possible pest of the shiitake mushroom cultivated in plastic bottles. Other six species are reported for the first time in Korea.

Camptomyia is a genus of gall midges belonging to subfamily Porricondilinae. On the study of shiitake mushroom farm in Korea, three species of maggots were collected. Among them, two Camptomyia spp. were recognized as the major pests. Colonies of these maggots were feeding on the mycelium of shiitake mushroom, disturbing the formation of mushroom fruit body. The morphology of C. heterobia and C. corticalis were illustrated with the description.

Camptomyia is a genus of gall midges belonging to subfamily Porricondilinae, with 42 species known from the palaearctic region. In November 2007, serious damages of the Shiitake mushroom logs were reported in many shiitake farms from the middle part of South Korea. Rearing the adults in laboratory, a Camptomyia species was recognized as the major species causing damages on shiitake. Colonies of maggots were observed, feeding the mycelium of shiitake mushroom and the phloem of oak timbers, disturbing the mushroom fruit body formation. The morphology of the larvae and adult of this Camptomyia heterobia. is illustrated with the description of the damage symptom.