Organic-inorganic hybrid coating films have been used to increase the transmittance and enhance the physical properties of plastic substrates. Sol-gel organic-inorganic thin films were fabricated on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) substrates using a dip coater. Metal alkoxide precursor tetraethylsilicate (TEOS) and alkoxy silanes including decyltrimethoxysilane (DTMS), 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS), phenyltrimethoxysilane (PTMS), 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TMSPM) and vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) were used to synthesize sol-gel hybrid coating solutions. Sol-gel synthesis was confirmed by the results of FT-IR. Cross-linking of the Si-O-Si network during synthesis of the sol-gel reaction was confirmed. The effects of each alkoxy silane on the coating film properties were investigated. All of the organicinorganic hybrid coatings showed improved transmittance of over 90 %. The surface hardness of all coating films on the PMMA substrate was measured to be 4H or higher and the average thickness of the coating films was measured to be about 500 nm. Notably, the TEOS/DTMS coating film showed excellent hydrophobic properties, of about 97°.

AR (alkali resistant)-glass fibers were developed to provide better alkali resistance, but there is currently no research on AR-glass fiber manufacturing. In this study, we fabricated glass fiber from AR-glass using a continuous spinning process with 40 wt% refused coal ore. To confirm the melting properties of the marble glass, raw material was put into a (platinum) Pt crucible and melted at temperatures up to 1,650 °C for 2 h and then annealed. To confirm the transparent clear marble glass, visible transmittance was measured and the fiber spinning condition was investigated by high temperature viscosity measurement. A change in diameter was observed according to winding speed in the range of 100 to 700 rpm. We also checked the change in diameter as a function of fiberizing temperature in the range of 1,240 to 1,340 °C. As winding speed increased at constant temperature, fiber diameter tended to decrease. However, at fiberizing temperature at constant winding speed, fiber diameter tended to increase. The properties of the prepared spinning fibers were confirmed by optical microscope, tensile strength, modulus and alkali-resistance tests.

The semiconductor and display industries require the development of plasma resistant materials for use in high density plasma etching process equipment. Yttria (Y2O3) is a ceramic material mainly used to ensure good plasma resistance properties, which requires a dense microstructure. In commercial production, a sintering process is applied to reduce the sintering temperature of Y2O3. In this study, the effect of the addition of glass frit to the sintered specimen was examined when manufacturing yttria sintered specimens for semiconductor process equipment parts. The Y2O3 specimen was shaped into a Ø50 mm size and then sintered at 1,600 °C for 1~8 h. The characteristics, X-ray diffraction pattern, densities, contraction rate of the specimen, and swelling of the surface of the Y2O3 specimens were investigated as a function of the sintering time and glass frit addition. The Y2O3 specimen exhibited a density of over 4.9 g/cm3 as the sintering time increased, and the swelling phenomenon characteristics were improved by glass frit, by controlling particle size.

우리나라 해양환경에 유출되는 위험·유해물질(Hazardous Noxious Substances, HNS)의 해양환경 및 사회환경 영향평가 결과 와 HNS 확산 영역, 해양환경 정보, HNS 실태조사 결과 등 관련 연구 결과 및 자료를 정책결정자와 연구자들에게 공유할 수 있는 HNS 국내 용 플랫폼을 구축하고자 한다. 국내의 HNS 관리 및 배출 체계 마련을 위한 의사결정 지원이 가능하고 국내 실정에 적합한 플랫폼의 설계 를 위하여 유해물질의 데이터 관리 및 유출 시 대응 도구, 기초적인 정보 등 플랫폼에 관련된 기술동향을 분석하는 등 국내·외의 플랫폼 개발 사례를 고찰하였다. 유속 벡터의 전처리 기능 개발, 전처리 결과에 따른 동적 시각화 구현, 해양산업시설 배출 HNS의 유출량과 유출 범위의 전처리 모듈, HNS 해양환경 영향평가 연산 모듈 프로토타입을 개발하였다. HNS 해양환경 영향평가를 위한 국내용 HNS 플랫폼은 초기 위해성을 평가하고 대응 및 관련 법제화 시 과학적인 기초 도구로써 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

In this study, lanthanum boron silicate glasses were prepared with a composition of x Li2O-(60-x)B2O3-5CaO- 5BaO-7ZnO-10SiO2-10La2O3-3Y2O3 where x = 1,3,5,7, and 9 mol%. Each composition was melted in a platinum crucible under atmospheric conditions at 1,400 °C for 2 h. Clear glasses with a transmittance exceeding 85 % were fabricated. Their optical, thermal, and physical properties, such as refractive index, Abbe number, density, glass transition (Tg) and Knoop hardness were studied. The results demonstrated that refractive index was between 1.6859 and 1.6953 at 589.3 nm. The Abbe number was calculated using an equation for 589.3 nm (nd), 656.3 nm (nf) and 486.1 nm (nc) and was observed to be in the range from 57.5 to 62.6. As the Li2O content increased, the glass transition temperature of the optical glass decreased from 608 °C to 564 °C. If glass mold pressing is performed using a material with a low transition temperature and high mechanical strength, then the optical glasses developed in this study can be completely commercialized.

In this study, Barium Germanium glasses were prepared with a composition of xBaO-(72-x)GeO2-8La2O3-20ZnO where x = 16.0, 18.0, 20.0, 22.0 and 24.0 mol% respectively. Their physical and optical properties, such as refractiveness index, glass transition temperature (Tg), softening temperature (Ts), transmittance and Knoop hardness were studied. The results showed that refractive index, Tg, Ts and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) increased with increasing BaO concentration. The refractive index of all the prepared samples was observed between 1.7811 to 1.7881. The Abbe number was calculated by formula using nd (589.3 nm), nf (656.3 nm) and nc (486.1 nm) and observed to be between 38 to 40. The Abbe number of the prepared sample was similar to that of BaO and GeO2. The transmittance of the prepared glasses was observed to be between 80 ~ 82 % throughout the range from 200 nm to 800 nm. Knoop hardness divided into seven steps were measured 5 class (≥ 450 ~ < 550) of all prepared samples.

In this study, a spray dryer is used to make granules of Y2O3 and YF3, and then Y5O4F7 is synthesized following heat treatment of them under Ar gas atmosphere at 600 oC. Single and binary monomer mixtures are compared and analyzed to optimize photocurable monomer system for DLP 3D printing. The mixture of HEA and TMPTA at 8:2 ratio exhibits the highest photocuring properties and low viscosity with shear thinning behavior. The optimized photocurable monomer and synthesized Y5O4F7 are therefore mixed and applied to printing process at variable solid contents (60, 70, 80, & 85 wt.%) and light exposure times. Under optimal light exposure conditions (initial exposure time: 1.2 s, basic exposure time: 5 s), YOF composites at 60, 70 & 80 wt.% solid contents are successfully printed. As a result of measuring the size of the printed samples compared to the dimensions of the designed bar type specimen, the deviation is found to increase as the YOF solid content increases. This shows that it is necessary to maximize the photocuring activity of the monomer system and to optimize the exposure time when printing using a high-solids ceramic slurry.

Recently, the demand of wire quality improvement has been increasing due to the development of the textile market, and the demand for round type flat wire having superior performance compared to the existing reed wire is also increasing greatly. The round wire requires equal spacing and precise alignment of the wire at reed knitting. So, there is a need for a method for measuring the flatness of Reed in real time. In this paper, it is shown how the contact and non - contact methods for the flatness of Reed used in a power loom are easy to measure in real - time process. The contact-type method provides excellent measurement accuracy and precision because it directly touches the object. The non-contact type does not touch the object, so it does not scratch the surface, and the result can be obtained faster than the contact type. Contact type measuring device was used as contact type and laser displacement sensor was used as non - contact type. It was confirmed that the measurement method using the laser displacement sensor (non-contact type) is suitable for the real time process.

In this study, we proposed a model for forecasting power energy demand by investigating how outside temperature at a given time affected power consumption and. To this end, we analyzed the time series of power consumption in terms of the power spectrum and found the periodicities of one day and one week. With these periodicities, we investigated two time series of temperature and power consumption, and found, for a given hour, an approximate linear relation between temperature and power consumption. We adopted an exponential smoothing model to examine the effect of the linearity in forecasting the power demand. In particular, we adjusted the exponential smoothing model by using the variation of power consumption due to temperature change. In this way, the proposed model became a mixture of a time series model and a regression model. We demonstrated that the adjusted model outperformed the exponential smoothing model alone in terms of the mean relative percentage error and the root mean square error in the range of 3%~8% and 4kWh~27kWh, respectively. The results of this study can be used to the energy management system in terms of the effective control of the cross usage of the electric energy together with the outside temperature.

분리막을 이용한 생물학적 처리 공정(MBR)은 과다한 에너지 사용, 제품의 높은 단가 등이 단점으로 지목되었으나, 제품 및 시스템 개선이 이루어지고 있는 추세이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 MBR 공정의 운영시 발생되는 대부분의 막 오염은 슬러지 특성에 따른 유기물 오염이라고 할 수 있다. 일반적으로 슬러지 여과능과 TMP 증가 기울기는 연관성이 높은 것으로 알려져 있으며 MBR 공정에서 분리막의 막오염 제어를 위해 슬러지 여과능은 중요한 관리 지표가 될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 슬러지 여과능에 대해 colloid 물질, 특히 EPS 와 SMP 유분이 미치는 영향을 확인하고자 하였다.

In this study, we utilize the cross and partial correlation analyses in order to investigate the dependence of power energy consumption on the temperature. To this end, we use a time series data that consists of three attributes : an hourly measured electric power consumption, temperature, and humidity. We, in particular, divide the yearly data into monthly base, and estimate the cross correlation coefficients between all possible pairs of attributes for each monthly based data. We found that temperature and power consumption are negatively correlated in the winter; positively correlated in the summer. A similar trend was found between humid and power consumption. This implies that when temperature or humidity is relatively high or low, the power consumption increases due to the cooling and heating system at work. In contrast, the correlation between temperature and humid behaves differently from those between temperature and power consumption. These results can be used to effectively manage the power system.

In this paper, we propose an Elman recurrent neural network to predict and analyze a time series of power energy consumption. To this end, we consider the volatility of the time series and apply the sample variance and the detrended fluctuation analyses to the volatilities. We demonstrate that there exists a correlation in the time series of the volatilities, which suggests that the power consumption time series contain a non-negligible amount of the non-linear correlation. Based on this finding, we adopt the Elman recurrent neural network as the model for the prediction of the power consumption. As the simplest form of the recurrent network, the Elman network is designed to learn sequential or time-varying pattern and could predict learned series of values. The Elman network has a layer of “context units” in addition to a standard feedforward network. By adjusting two parameters in the model and performing the cross validation, we demonstrated that the proposed model predicts the power consumption with the relative errors and the average errors in the range of 2%~5% and 3kWh~8kWh, respectively. To further confirm the experimental results, we performed two types of the cross validations designed for the time series data. We also support the validity of the model by analyzing the multi-step forecasting. We found that the prediction errors tend to be saturated although they increase as the prediction time step increases. The results of this study can be used to the energy management system in terms of the effective control of the cross usage of the electric and the gas energies.

곤충병원성 곰팡이 Zoophthora radicans (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae)가 혹명나방, 배추좀나방, 복숭아혹진딧물과 진딧물 인 미분류 1종을 감염시키는 것을 발견하였다. 이들은 전라북도 진안, 김제, 익산에서 수집되었고, 6월과 9월에 관찰이 가능하였다. 이 균에 감염 된 혹명나방은 진안에서 수집되었고, 감염율이 46%에 달하였다. 감염된 곤충 충체로부터 균을 분리하여 Sabouraud dextrose agar with yeast extract (SDAY)를 이용하여 인공배양을 시도하였다. 그 결과, 20~28°C가 인공배양을 위한 최적온도로 판단되며, SDAY보다 SDAY supplemented with egg yolk and milk (SDAY-EM)에서 발육이 보다 양호하였다. 이 곰팡이는 자연적으로 발생함을 포장에서 확인할 수 있었다.

막 증류법은 다양한 형태로 운전이 가능하며 각각의 운전의 경우에 따라 물 질전달 계수 및 열전달의 효율이 다르게 나타난다. 또한, 모듈 형태 뿐 아니라 배관의 크기와 배열의 영향을 많이 받게 되는데 원수의 쏠림 현상이 발생할 뿐 만 아니라 수투과도를 향상시킬 수 없는 단점이 있다. 이에 본 연구를 통해 처 리수 생산량을 극대화하고 비용(원자재, 에너지, 인건비)은 최소화할 수 있는 모듈 및 배열의 최적 조건을 도출하였다. 실험에 사용된 분리막은 (주)에코니티에서 제조되었으며 사용된 원수는 염화나트륨 3.5%, VMD (Vacuum Membrane Distillation) 방식으로 실험을 실시하였다.