Habitat environment and food sources of fish, benthic macroinvertebrates, and brown trout (Salmo trutta) downstream of Soyang River Dam were analyzed. Water temperature at the site where brown trout was identified ranged from approximately 12.4 to 13.4°C, confirming that this environment could provide an optimal water temperature for the growth of brown trout. Most of the riverbed structures at this site had a high proportion of cobble and pebble substrates. Brown trout constituted less than 5% of the total fish population, more abundant in the upstream. The total lengthweight relationship of brown trout showed a parameter b value of 3.234, with the condition factor (K) increasing with length. Dominant benthic macroinvertebrates were Limnodrilus gotoi and Chironomidae spp. (non-red type). Stomach content analysis indicated that brown trout primarily consumed aquatic insects (R.A., 73.8%), non-insects (R.A., 23.3%), ground insects (R.A., 2.7%), and fish (R.A., 0.2%, TL: 246 mm). Correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between total length and species preferring flowing water (p<0.05) and a negative relationship of total length with species favoring low-flow, sandy habitats (p<0.05). Larger brown trout showed active feeding behavior and resilience to flow speed and riverbed structure. The primary food source for the largest brown trout (TL: 246 mm) was Hypomesus nipponensis. Future analyses should include brown trout with a total length of 30 cm or more. Given that samples were limited, comprehensive population management will require ongoing research.

This study conducted field surveys targeting benthic macroinvertebrates and fish in Andong Dam and Yeongsan River, with the specific aim of analyzing bluegill stomach contents. Bluegills in Andong Dam ranged from 40-220 mm, with 93.0% between 80-220 mm, while those in Yeongsan River ranged from 50-210 mm, with 71.4% between 120-210 mm. The highest feeding rates in both sites were for Chironomidae spp., with findings of 72.6% in Andong Dam and 80.4% in Yeongsan River. In Andong Dam, H. nipponensis and Baetidae sp. were also significant at 17.5% and 6.5%, respectively, while in Yeongsan River, Baetidae sp. (7.5%) and Hymenoptera sp. were the next most common at 3.8%. The EI index showed that bluegills generally avoided H. nipponensis and S. tsuchigae (-0.373 and -0.975) whereas they preferred Chironomidae spp. (0.759, 0.892) and Baetidae sp. (0.723). The parameter b values of the total length-weight relationship of bluegill were calculated as 3.452 in Andong Dam and 3.449 in the Yeongsan River, respectively. The slope values of the condition factor were 0.0067 in Andong Dam and 0.0065 in the Yeongsan River. Both values were positive, indicating that the nutritional status of bluegill was good. Aquatic insects constituted the primary food source, particularly in Yeongsan River. Feeding patterns did not significantly differ by habitat orientation groups, but Yeongsan River bluegills consumed more diverse food sources. In Andong Dam, larger bluegills likely consume food sources with larger biomass, while Yeongsan River’s diverse and abundant food sources support opportunistic feeding tailored to the water ecological environment.

최근 몇 년 전부터 우리나라의 양봉농가에는 전에 경험하지 못했던 이상기후 악재와 초비극 상황인 꿀벌 군집 붕괴현상(Colony collapse disorder, CCD)으로 인하여 최대 60% 이상의 꿀벌이 폐사하거나 사라지는 등 양봉산업 의 막대한 손실을 초래하였다. 본 연구는 복잡하고 다양한 원인으로 약해진 꿀벌의 면역력과 봉군 세력을 향상시 키기 위하여 농업부산물 홍삼박을 활용한 화분떡을 자가제조하여 꿀벌 사양 먹이를 통한 봉군 세력에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 구명하고자 수행하였다. 가공부산물 홍삼박을 건조하여 130 mesh 이상 초미립자로 분쇄하 였으며, 조사포닌 725 mg 100-1을 함유하였고 화분떡 총중량의 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0%로 첨가하여 완전하게 혼합 배합하여 화분떡을 제조하였다. 분봉벌은 4월 분봉한 봉군으로 이용하였으며, 2달 동안 1주일 간격으로 대조구 화분떡과 제조한 홍삼박 화분떡 5처리구에 급이하여 봉군의 세력을 조사하였다. 사양 먹이로 급이한 화분떡은 30일간 달관조사에서 대조구와 처리구 모두 꿀벌 먹이로 거부반응은 없었다. 봉군 세력 조사로 4월 분봉벌의 봉군은 1매 2갈로 시작하여 약 한 달 후에 6매 봉판으로 증소되었으며, 이때 조사된 봉군별 봉개율은 대조구 55%(100 기준) 대비 홍삼박 0.5~1.0% 처리구는 58~60%로 +(5~9)% 향상되었던 반면, 홍삼박 2.5% 이상 첨가한 처리구에서는 봉개율이 -(9~20)% 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 그리고 화분떡 먹이 소모량을 조사한 결과, 대조구 평균 96.9%(100) 소모율 대비 홍삼박 0.5% 처리구는 97.7%로 다소 높았으나 홍삼박 2.5% 이상 처리구에서는 점점 감소하는 경향을 보였다.

우리나라에 서식하는 주요 말벌류는 벌목(Hymenoptera)의 말벌아과(Vespinae)에 속하는 종들로 10종의 말벌속 (Vespa) 중 8종[장수말벌(V. mandarinia), 꼬마장수말벌(V. ducalis), 등검은말벌(V. velutina nigrithorax), 좀말 벌(V. analis), 말벌(V. crabro flavofasciata), 검정말벌(V. dybowskii), 털보말벌(V. simillima simillima), 황말벌 (V. simillima xanthoptera)]이 주를 이루고 있다. 특히 2003년 부산에서 처음 발견되었던 등검은말벌이 급속도로 확산되어 우리나라 양봉산업에 치명적인 피해를 주고 있는 현실이다. 이에 본 연구는 충남 주요 양봉지역인 공주, 청양, 논산에서 말벌 유인액을 주입한 포획기를 이용하여 4월부터 6월까지 봄철 출현하는 여왕말벌의 포획된 말벌 류 개체들을 조사하여 분포도와 특성을 알아보았다. 말벌 포획 개체수 조사결과, 등검은말벌의 분포율이 공주 76.3%, 청양 74.1%, 논산 58.0%로 가장 큰 비율을 보였으며, 꼬마장수말벌이 다음으로 공주와 청양지역은 밤나무 숲으로 12.4~16.0%를 보였던 반면, 소나무 숲을 이룬 논산에서는 31.8%로 최대 2.5배 정도 높은 분포 비율을 나타냈 다. 그리고 장수말벌은 5.2~8.6%의 분포율을 보였으며, 다른 지역보다 해발이 높았던 청양지역에서 장수말벌이 많게 조사되었다. 봄철 3개 지역에서 포획된 여왕말벌류의 총개체수(266마리)에 대한 평균 분포 비율은 등검은말 벌 69.5%, 꼬마장수말벌 19.9%, 장수말벌 6.8%, 말벌 2.6%, 그리고 좀말벌 1.1% 순으로 조사되었다.

태안해안국립공원의 곤충상에 관한 연구는 1996년 1차 자연자원조사를 시작으로 2005년부터 2014년까지 조사되었다. 조사된 지점은 대부분 해안지역, 사구, 배후초지 등이었다. 채집방법은 포충망을 이용한 채어잡기(Sweeping), 흡충관 (Suction), 함정트랩(Pitfall trap), 야간조사(Light trap), 말레이즈트랩(Malaise trap)을 사용하였다. 총 17목, 215과 1,540종의 곤충상이 확인되었다. 나비목이 가장 큰 점유율을 가진 분류군으로 나타났고(34.2%), 그 뒤를 이어 딱정벌레목 (28.3%), 노린재목(12.7%), 파리목(8.5%), 벌목(7.1%), 메뚜기목(4.7%), 잠자리목(2.0%), 기타목의 순으로 나타났다. 2007년 12월에 발생한 허베이스피리트호 태안 유류유출 사고 전 후로 사질성 곤충상의 변화를 비교한 결과, 전체 조사기간 동안 대부분 딱정벌레목에 속하는 45종의 사질성 곤충이 조사되었고, 유류오염이 사질성 곤충 출현 종 수에 미치는 영향은 적은 것으로 나타났다.

Cynegetis impunctata (Linnaeus, 1767), a phytophagous lady beetle, was recorded in South Korea for the first time recently. Previously, only the adult form of this species had been described. In this study, we provide a redescription of the adult and the first descriptions of the larva and pupa. Diagnostic characters for this species are given, and intraspecific color variation in Cynegetis impunctata adults is discussed.

This study investigated the antioxidative activities and quality characteristics of gruel as a home meal replacement with Angelica keiskei powder pre-treated by far-infrared radiation or freeze-drying methods. Far-infrared treated Angelica keiskei powder (F-IAP) showed significantly lighter, weaker green, and stronger yellow color values than powder subjected to freezedrying (FAP) (p<0.001). F-IAP showed higher total phenolic compound contents than that of the FAP. ABTS radical scavenging activity of F-IAP was 50.31%, which was significantly higher than that of FAP, at 43.51% (p<0.05). Color values of gruel significantly decreased with increased addition of Angelica keiskei powder (p<0.05). Gruels containing far-infrared treated Angelica keiskei powder (F-IAG) showed higher total phenolic compound contents as well as ABTS radical scavenging activities compared to the gruels containing freeze-dried Angelica keiskei powder (FAG). Gruels containing 5 g of Angelica keiskei powder showed 2.0 to 2.5 times higher antioxidant activities than those containing powder alone due to the presence of other ingredients with antioxidant activities such as black soybean or sweet pumpkin. In the results of sensory evaluation, F-IAG containing more than 5 g of Angelica keiskei powder had higher sweetness and roasted grain flavor, as well as lower bitterness and astringency compared to FAG. Sensory acceptance tests of all samples showed higher scores than 5.0 representing possibilities of successful development of gruels as a home meal replacement containing Angelica keiskei powder.

베트남산 Podontia affinis, P. dalmani, P. lutea의 3종 유충에 대한 상세한 기재를 하였으며, P. dalmani를 제외한 Podontia affinis 및 P. lutea는 최초로 기재된다. 또한 이 종들의 분류학적 특징에 대해서도 언급한다.

본 연구는 자동노출제어 (AEC; Automatic Exposure Control)를 이용한 복부 일반 X선 검사에서 체질량지수 (BMI; Body Mass Index)가 입사표면공기커마 (ESAK; Entrance Surface Air Kerma)에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보았다. 연구방법은 AEC를 이용하여 복부 일반 X선 검사를 시행 받은 321명을 대상으로 키, 몸무게, BMI와 ESAK의 관계 및 BMI범주 (Underweight, Normal, Overweight, Obese 1, Obese 2)에 따른 평균 ESAK값을 비교하였다. 연구의 결과 몸무게 (R2=0.777, p<.001)와 BMI (R2=0.835, p<.001)는 ESAK와 양의 상관관계가 있었던 반면, 키 (R2=0.075, p<.001)와 BMI는 뚜렷한 상관관계를 확인할 수 없었다. BMI범주에 대한 평균 ESAK는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 사후분석을 통해 유의수준 0.05에 대해 5개의 부집단이 존재하여 모든 BMI범주 간 ESAK값의 차이가 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 인접한 BMI간 ESAK값 증가폭이 Underweight에서 Obese 2로 갈수록 점차 늘어나 BMI가 증가할수록 피폭선량이 급격하게 증가되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 복부 일반 X선 검사에서 AEC를 사용할 경우 BMI가 증가함에 따라 과도한 선량이 조사될 수 있음을 인식하고 검사조건을 고정하여 촬영하는 등의 노력을 통한 선량저감화가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

Benthic macroinvertebrates were seasonally sampled from upstream and downstream of the Gunwi Dam construction site from 2006 to 2012. Totally 148 and 165 species were collected at the upstream and downstream sampling sites, respectively. At the upstream area after dam construction, there was no significant change of the numbers of non-insect taxa, but at the downstream area, the non-insect taxon numbers were increased gradually. The individual ratio of Ephemeroptera and Diptera had higher value than the other taxa in both of up and downstream. The trichopteran individual ratios were increased in upstream sites, but decreased in downstream sites from 2010. Also, non-insects and coleopteran individual ratios were decreased in upstream, but increased in downstream after completion of dam construction. The annual range of fluctuation in community indices narrowed after construction. According to a functional feeding group analysis, the individual ratios of FC (Filtering Collector) were increased, and GC (Gathering Collector) and SC (Scraper) were decreased in upstream sites annually. In contrast, the annual individual ratios of FC were decreased, and GC and SC were increased in the downstream sites.

This study was conducted to compare benthic macroinvertebrate communities of urban stream and nature stream in Daegu-si, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsan-si, Andong-si, and Cheongsong-gun. The survey was carried out with 12 points in total six points for urban stream, six points for nature stream from Sept. 2011 to July 2012. In the urban stream were 33 species belonged to 24 families, 11 orders, 7 classes and 4 phyla while in the nature stream were 73 species belonged to 38 families, 12 orders, 5 classes and 4 phyla. In general, species diversity indices and species richness indices appeared low in urban stream but dominance indices was high. Functional feeding groups and Habitat Oriented Groups appeared comparatively simple in urban stream rather than nature stream. As a result of analysis of community stability, species included to areaⅠand area Ⅲ equally appeared in nature stream while species included to area Ⅰ mostly appeared in urban stream. An analysis of the correlation between the population density and the number of species, the population number and biological indicators such as DI, H', RI, and ESB revealed that there was a significant correlativity with the diversity index and a very high correlativity with the number of species, abundance index and the ESB. On the other hand, the population number and the dominance index did not reveal any correlativity. For indicator species, Hydroptila KUa, Physa acuta appeared in urban stream while Paraleptophlebia chocolata, Epeorus pellucidus appeared in nature stream.

This study was carried out to elucidate the relation between water quality and structure of the aquatic ecosystem in the agriculture reservoir Otae-ji from January to December in 2009. The proportion of forest was 46.98%, which means that non-point sources are major contributor of water pollution in this area. The annual mean COD(Chemical Oxygen Demand) in Otae-ji was 3.6 ㎎ L -1 , indicating, level Ⅱ of environmental standards and the trophic state was mesotrophic. Although total phosporus concentration in the reservoir was high in August due to large inflow of nutrients from outside the reservoir during monsoon season, there was no break out of significant algal bloom in the summer. The seasonal succession of phytoplankton showed that the dinophyta dominated in the the spring, chlorophyta in the summer, chrysophyta and chlorophyta in the autumn and chrysophyta in the winter. In case of zooplankton, rotifers dominated in the most seasons, but cladoceran(Bosmina longirostris) dominated in June and copepod(Nauplii) in August. The macrophyte plants showed diverse species compositon consisted of 3 varieties, 24 species, 23 genera, 15 families and 14 orders. The macroinvertebrates also showed various FFG(Functional Feeding Groups) such as GC(Gathering-Collector), P(Predator), SH(Shedder), FC(Filter-Collector) and PP(Plant-Piercer). Ecosystem stability analysis using aquatic insects was classified as Group Ⅰ, which has high resilience and resistance indices. A total of 14 species of fish was collected but exotic species such as Lepomis macrochirus and Micropterus salmoides were not found in Otae-ji. In conclusion, the preservation of healthy food wed in the reservoir ecosystem is closely related to water quality management as well as effective prevention of algal bloom by helping good material circulation in aquatic ecosystems.