본 자문화기술지 연구는 워크숍 환경에서 포커싱(Focusing)과 모래상 자치료(Sandtray)를 통합적으로 적용한 체험을 분석함으로써 그 심리적· 상징적 과정을 탐색하는 데 목적이 있다. 연구자는 모래상자 작업물과 성찰 기록을 주요 자료로 활용하여, 감각느낌(felt sense)에 주의를 기울 이고 이를 상징적 이미지로 외화하며 관계적 공명을 통해 의미를 구성해 가는 신체화된 과정의 특징을 기술하였다. 분석 결과, 모래 상자에서 형 성된 이미지는 고립감과 연결감과 같은 내면의 정서적 경험을 외현화하 는 기능을 수행하였으며, 타 참여자의 트레이를 관찰하는 과정은 자기 이해를 확장시키는 촉발 요인으로 작용한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 포커싱과 모래상자치료의 통합적 적용 가능성을 체험적·서사적 관점에서 조명함으로써, 상징적 표현 활동이 갖는 치료적 잠재력에 대한 이해를 심화한다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

Lactobacillus johnsonii JERA01-supplemented feed additive (Lj-A) was produced by fermenting dried porcine blood with Lactobacillus johnsonii (Lj). Lj-A has highly digestible nutrients, bioactive peptides, and probiotic effects. To assess the immunomodulatory potential of Lj-A, it was tested on splenocytes of C57BL/6 mouse. Lj-A was treated on splenocytes in a range of concentration, 0-100 μg/ml. The metabolic activity of splenocytes was enhanced by Lj-A, as shown in MTT assay. Also, some splenocyte clusters were observed under a bright-field microscope on the wells treated with Lj-A. The splenocyte clusters indicated that the cells were activated and proliferating in response to Lj-A. These findings suggest that Lj-A stimulates splenocytes to promote immune cell activation, as evidenced by increased tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-12 production, thereby enhancing immunological defense functions. In vitro treatment of splenocytes with Lj-A increased the proportions of T cells, B cells, and CD25+ cells. In vivo, immune cell activity was evaluated in C57BL/6 mice orally administered with Lj-A at a dose of 100 mg/day. The proportion of dendritic cells in peritoneal cells was increased along with elevated CD54+ expression. Additionally, the proportions of B cells, CD25+ cells in Peyer’s patch cells increased as well. These results suggest that Lj-A may contribute to the enhancement of immune function and the maintenance of long-term health in animals.

The lactic acid bacteria, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KU15149 and Levilactobacillus brevis KU15176 were verified through phenotypic and genotypic analyses. Safety evaluation was conducted using multiple assays, including minimum inhibitory concentration assay for nine antibiotics, hemolytic activity, mucin degradation, gelatin liquefaction, urease activity, indole production, β-glucuronidase activity, bile salt deconjugation, cell cytotoxicity, D-/L-lactic acid production, and biogenic amine formation. Genotypically L. plantarum KU15149 and L. brevis KU15176 lacked all virulence and antibiotic resistance genes investigated. Consistent with these results, phenotypic assays showed that both strains were susceptible according to EFSA cut-off values and tested negative for hemolysis, mucin degradation, gelatin liquefaction, urease activity, indole production, β-glucuronidase activity, and bile salt deconjugation. Furthermore, neither strain showed cytotoxicity toward Caco-2 cells at a multiplicity of infection of 250. Production of D-lactic acid and biogenic amines was negligible in both bacteria. Overall, L. plantarum KU15149 and L. brevis KU15176 demonstrated safety and beneficial characteristics and therefore could serve as probiotic strains.

Plants synthesize diverse specialized metabolites under tissue- and context-specific regulation, yet it remains unclear how tissue-specific herbivory shapes pre- and post-attack metabolomes within each tissue. Using untargeted metabolomics, we compared constitutive and tissue-specific herbivory-induced states across tissues of Capsella bursa-pastoris, a cosmopolitan weed. Profiles separated mainly by tissue; roots had the most constitutive tissue-specific features. Herbivory increased between-tissue dissimilarity, and stems showed the largest set of induced features. The top herbivore-induced stem feature was constitutively higher in roots, consistent with tissue-specific biosynthetic control. Multi-omic evidence indicates a hydrolyzed glucosinolate derivative that may contribute to resistance against root specialists, underscoring adaptive diversification and tissue-specific regulation of specialized-metabolite pathways.

Fenbendazole (FBZ) is one of benzimidazole drugs, which is well known for its broad spectrum of anthelmintics. During recent research on FBZ, it is also expected to have anti-inflammatory characteristics. However, the related research on FBZ with its anti-inflammatory effects is still lacking. This study focuses on the effects of FBZ on macrophage cell line of mouse, RAW264.7, and also on the inflammatory condition induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). FBZ alone treatment on RAW264.7 cells reduced the metabolic activity on the range of 1-5 μM, but the metabolic activity in the presence of LPS was higher than that of absence of LPS. Given that LPS has the ability to enhance glucose uptake in macrophage and rapid ATP production, there is a possibility that LPS increases the metabolic activity. Whereas TNF-alpha was hardly produced at FBZ 1-5 μM in the presence of LPS, IL-10 was still being produced, suggesting on the possibility of anti-inflammatory effect. Interestingly, despite the decreased survival of cells treated with FBZ, MHC class II and CD86 expression in surviving cells was markedly increased. Further investigation of FBZ is required through in vivo experiments to validate these findings.

Esophageal perforation can be caused by Boerhaave syndrome, foreign body ingestion, trauma, operative injury, or tumors. The condition can be fatal and requires emergency treatment. In this case report, we describe an esophageal perforation following gastric calibration tube insertion during laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. The female patient developed an esophageal perforation after gastric calibration tube insertion during laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, even though there were no complications during the tube insertion. She had mucosal inflammation of the distal esophagus stemming from gastroesophageal reflux disease. Therefore, the perforation has occurred because the repeated adjustments of the calibration tube may have further damaged the mucosal area that was already weakened by gastroesophageal reflux disease. It is estimated that even slight mucosal inflammation can heighten the risk of esophageal perforation. We hope this report will help elucidate the causes and probability of encountering esophageal perforation due to mucosal inflammation.

Transmedia storytelling (TS) narrates and supplements a storyworld in a unified and coordinated manner across multiple media channels and forms. It overcomes the limitations of traditional media’s singularity and restricted reach by leveraging digital technologies. Advancing digital technologies have introduced diverse media into fashion exhibitions, supplementing interpretation and expanding the storyworld to aid the understanding of fashion’s social, cultural, and artistic meanings. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of social media in facilitating TS within fashion exhibitions. In researching this topic, we studied the concepts and applications of TS and social media in fashion exhibitions, using a 2023 fashion week organised by a South Korean universityas a case study. Purposeful sampling involved interviews and questionnaires with exhibition committee members, participants, and visitors. Reflective thematic analysis (RTA) was employed to iteratively analysis the data. This study clarifies the unique functions of various media forms and channels in TS for fashion group exhibitions, with a focus on their synergistic effects. Reflective thematic analysis of the results indicate that TS effectively addresses the challenges of narrating complex and fragmented exhibitions by attracting visitors, supplementing content gaps, and expanding engagement. The collected data offers empirical evidence of TS’s potential in emerging exhibition storytelling and highlights Instagram’s key function within a TS system.

고속 스핀 에코를 이용한 T2 강조 영상에서 재자화 펄스의 FA 크기 변화에 따라 발생하는 전자파 유도 열을 정량적 으로 측정하고, 상변화 물질의 열 저장 특성을 활용하여 열 발생을 효과적으로 감소시킬 수 있는 방안을 모색하고자 하였다.실험에서는 상변화 물질을 적용한 조건과 적용하지 않은 조건에서 각각 FA의 증가에 따른 온도 변화를 평가 하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 고속 스핀 에코 기반 T2 강조 영상에서 FA 크기의 증가에 따라 계산된 SAR 값은 상변화 물질 적용 여부와 관계없이 각각 0.64±0.048, 0.87±0.042, 1.33±0.042, 1.88±0.031 W/kg로 유사한 경향을 보였다.온도 변화 분석 결과, 상변화 물질을 적용하지 않은 조건에서 돼지 비계의 초기 스캔 온도는 19.3°C였으며, FA 증가에 따라 최대 21.9°C까지 상승하여 총 2.6°C의 온도 증가가 관찰되었다. 반면, 상변화 물질 을 적용한 조건에서는 동일한 초기 온도 19.3°C에서 19.7°C까지 상승하는 데 그쳐 0.4°C의 온도 증가만 나타났으며, 두 조건 간 약 2.2°C의 온도 차이를 보였다. 한편, 돼지 비계에 온열 경피 패치를 부착한 조건에서도 유사한 경향이 나타났다. 상변화 물질을 적용하지 않은 경우, 스캔 시작 온도 20.6°C에서 23.1°C로 총 2.5°C 상승하였으나, 상변화 물질을 적용한 경우에는 20.1°C에서 20.5°C로 0.4°C 상승하는 데 그쳐 약 2.1°C의 차이를 나타냈다. 이와 같은 결과 는 상변화 물질이 반복되는 고주파 자극에 의해 유도되는 온도 상승을 효과적으로 억제할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 전자파 흡수율 및 열 발생 저감에 대한 과학적 근거를 제공함으로써, 향후 MRI 검사 환경의 안전성 향상에 기초자료 로 활용되기를 기대한다.

The US is in conflict with China over various trade issues. Although both countries agreed to temporarily suspend tariffs for the next 90 days, this trend is expected to continue after then. New related to tariffs has been a daily occurrence in the first 100 days of the Trump presidency, and yet a gap remains between the US and China that is difficult to bridge. This seems to stem from the fact that President Trump wants to “Make America Great Again” with a vengeance. In addition to implementing a new tariff system, the US seems to be moving towards supporting “strong patents” to safeguard intellectual property rights. These policies will significantly impact both the US and other nations worldwide. This article explores the external developments in the aftermath of the US presidential election and reviews current issues related to intellectual property in the US, focusing on tariff imposition and the prevailing emphasis on strong patent rights.