The newly developed varieties, Jayoung (violet flesh color) and Hongyoung (red flesh color) that harboring various anthocyanins and flavonoids in flesh colored potato are highly increase their interesting not only for food but also functional characteristics such as anti-inflammatory effects. Up to date, most of the molecular markers developed in potato are linked to disease resistance including late blight and PVY, nematode. A few markers linked to economically important functional materials such as anthocyanin biosynthesis are published. With the low cost and high throughput of NGS (Next Generation Sequencing) technology, numerous molecular markers are highly increased in may crops. Among the molecular markers, SNPs (Single nucleotide Polymorphisms) are most useful markers owing to their large numbers in inter and intra varieties in potato. Here we reported SNPs discovery from transcriptome sequencing data acquired from colored flesh potato cultivars, Jayoung and Hongyoung with white flesh color Atlantic. Total RNA was isolated from shoot in tuber after breaking dormancy about 2cm length. Short read sequence data were obtained form Illumina Hiseq2000 and the raw dat set were trimmed with Q socore over 20. Sequencing data were align to reference genome (Solanum tuberosum v4.03, http://potatogeomics.plantbiolgy.msu.edu). About 70% of sequence read were mapped int to reference genome. 139,050, 140,976 and 146,429 total SNPs were discovered in Hongyoung, Jayoung and Atlantic, respectively. All SNPs are mapped into the psedomolecules in reference genome by chromosome. SNPs are also analyzed with homozygous and heterozygous SNPs and genic and intergenic region. SNPs are compared with Potato Infinium 8K Chip data. SNPs found in candidate genes of anthocyanin biosynthesis were discovered. These SNPs information of flesh colored potato will be further analyzed for the allele mining for anthocyanin syhthesis and control region

Common buckwheat (F. esculentum) and tartaryan buckwheat, also called as bitter buckwheat (F. tartarycum) grain and leaves (buds) are used in various dietary preparations and as leafy vegetable. The cultivated area of buckwheat is increased based on its nutritional value. Particularly bitter buckwheat is a rich source of rutin compared to common buckwheat which helps in reducing intra-vascular cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes and is also reported to have a crucial role in pharmaceutical research. With this functional characteristics of bitter buckwheat, the cultivation is now highly increased. But a few genetic and genomic research of tartari buckwheat are published until now. Here we described the complete full chloroplast genome sequence with NGS. Tartary buckwheat complete chloroplast genome is composed of a total sequence length of 159,272 bp which is 327 bp lesser than common buckwheat genome of 159,599 bp. Large single copy region (LSC) is comprised of 84,398 bp in tartary and 84,888 bp in common buckwheat whereas small single copy region (SSC) is 13,292 bp and 13,343 bp and the size of inverted repeat region (IR) is 61,532 bp and 61,368 bp in tartary and common buckwheat respectively. Total RNA bases were 11942 and 11950 and overall GC-content in tartary and common buckwheat is almost similar which is 37.9% and 38% with a GC skew of -0.016 and 0.02 respectively. Total repeat bases accounted for 1,056 bp and 804 bp with an average repeat length of 48 bp and 45 bp and the length of an average intergenic distance was 495 bp and 502 bp in tartary and common buckwheat respectively. F. tarataticum cp genome has a total of 104 genes including 82 protein coding genes, 29 transfer RNA genes and 4 ribosomal RNA genes. Protein coding genes include photosynthesis related genes majorly in addition to transcription and translation related genes. LSC region has 62 protein coding genes and 22 tRNA genes whereas SSC region contains 11 protein coding genes and one tRNA gene. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of protein coding genes in LSC, SSC and inverted repeat regions in F.tartaricum and F.esculentum are highly similar with a total average identity of 98.8 and 98.3% respectively.

Bitter buckwheat, also called tartari buckwheat (F. tartaricum), contains large amount of rutin and it has antioxidant activity compared to common buckwheat. But after harvesting and processing, the discrimination of two species through visual inspection was almost impossible. Therefore we developed InDel markers to identify common and tartari buckwheat content based on the chloroplast genome sequence. We conducted complete full chloroplast genome sequence of tartari buckwheat and compared with common buckwheat chloroplast genome sequence (NC010776). Based on the mVISTA alignment, we found eight big InDel (above 50bp) regions. Among the InDel, 6 regions are intergenic region and two are genic region in ycf1. We designed InDel specific primers and applied to PCR with buckwheat genomic DNA to check the discrimination of two species. These InDel specific primers also applied to buckwheat germplasm, 75 tartari and 21 common buckwheat. Among the primers, 5 markers could be successfully amplified in all germplasm species specific amplicon. And we can detect 10pg/ul of DNA and processed food such as tea and noodle. These results could improve the QC (Quality control) of tartari buckwheat food

본 연구는 강릉, 대관령에서 재배된 아마란스 품종별로 수량, 생육특성, 항산화활성, 총페놀함량 그리고 유리아미노산의 차이를 조사하고 국내 적응이 가능한지 살펴보고자 실시하였다. 수량은 125~465 kg 10a-1의 범위였으며 RRC 1027 품종이 가장 많았다. 천립중은 0.42~0.82 g으로 아주 작았고 특히 Kerala Red 품종이 가장 가벼웠다. DPPH를 이용한 항산화 활성 분석에서 지역별로는 강릉과 대관령 사이의 유의차는 없었으나 품종별로는 유색품종인 Kerala Red가 가장 높았다. 총 폴리페놀 함량을 분석한 결과 994~1,732 mg kg-1의 범위를 보였다. 종실의 유리아미노산 함량 분석 결과 glutamic acid 30.5 mg 100 g-1, aspartic acid 26.1 mg 100-1, arginine 24.3 mg 100 g-1 순이었다. 이러한 결과를 종합해 볼 때 국내에서 아마란스 재배는 수량 등에서도 안정적이었고 glutamic acid, aspartic acid, arginine 등 곡물에 부족할 수 있는 유리아미노산을 포함하고 있어 새로운 작물로 개발 가능성이 높을 것으로 기대된다. 그러나 항산화활성능을 측정하기 위하여 DPPH 방법 이외에 다른 방법을 모색할 필요가 있을 것으로 생각된다.

준고랭지에서는 여름감자를 수확하기 전에 배추, 무, 쥬키니호박 등의 작물을 감자 이랑 위에 바로 심고 후작물을수확한 후 10월 하순이나 11월 상순에 감자를 캐는 작형으로 농사를 짓는다. 이 때 전작물인 감자와 후작물의 품질 및수량성을 비교, 검토하여 농가에서 최적 재배법을 이용할수 있도록 하기 위하여 본 시험을 수행하였다. 품종은 중생종인 ‘수미’ 품종과 만생종인 ‘하령’ 품종을 사용하였으며 후작물처리는 무처리, 무, 배추구를 두고 품종별 난괴법 3반복을 처리하였으며 감자는 흑색비닐멀칭을 하여 재배하였다. 감자 수량조사는 적기수확, 15일, 30일 45일, 60일에 하였으며 후작물은 수확기에 수량조사를 실시하였다. 그 결과, 품종은 만생인 하령품종보다 중생종인 수미품종이 내부생리장해가 적고 상품수량이 높아 전작물 품종으로 적합하였으며 수미품종의 경우 무처리보다는 무, 배추 정식구에서부패서율, 기형서율, 녹화율이 낮게 나타났으며 상품서율과상품수량은 후기까지 유지되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해볼때 준고랭지에서 8월 중하순에서 9월 상순에 감자를 수확하지 않고 후작물(무, 배추)를 재배한 후 감자를 수확하여도수량성에는 문제가 없는 것으로 나타났으며 후작물의 수량성 또한 높게 나타났다.

Glycoalkaloids are a family of toxic secondary metabolites present in the plants of solanaceae family, which serve for plant defense. Two major glycoalkaloids present in plants are a-solanine and a-chaconine. The upper safe limit of glycoalkaloids for human consumption is 20mg/KG FW and its excess may cause severe health disorders. Light is the major factor known to increase the glycoalkaloid content in post harvest potato tuber. Glycoalkaloid pathway is not completely understood. Hence, identification and characterization of SGA biosynthetic genes and the genetic factors that control their expression levels assumes significance. Present investigation was focused on the study of expression pattern of key genes in steroidal glycoalkaloidal pathway under various light qualities in potato (Solanum tuberosum L). Two potato cultivars Atlantic and Haryeong which accumulates low and high glycoalkaloids respectively were used to check the levels of gene expression under various light qualities viz., red, blue, white, green, yellow, purple, UV light and in dark at different time intervals. Expression of three genes viz., SGT1, SGT2 and SGT3 which are directly involved and four other genes, HMG1, SQS1, SMT1 and SMT2 in the pathway envisaged to be indirectly involved in the glycoalkaloid formation was quantified by RT PCR. Varietal variation in the expression among the genes was observed in different light qualities. White, red and green light compared to other light qualities majorly contributed for the increased expression of genes for glycoalkaloid accumulation at different time intervals. Importantly, there is no significant transcript accumulation of these genes in dark condition. However, more efforts would be extended for further understanding of glycoalkaloid accumulation under light.

The high temperature due to climate change may result in the intensification of several drought and heat stress on crops including potato. These abiotic stress affect on potato development staages; sprout development, tuber initiation and maturation. Potatoes need moderate amounts of nitrogen and cool night for good tuber growth. Especially, high temperature in soil will delay tuber initiation and induce malformation. Therefore, to identify quickly heat tolerant lines and breeding potato lines adapt to high temperature in the field are needed. The objectives of this study were as follows; To apply in vitro screening method for identifying potato lines adapted to high temperature conditions. To verify these results under field assays carried out under natural high temperature field conditions. We used in vitro screening methods with breeding lines from Intranational Potato Center(CIP) under three temperature regime, 18℃, 25℃ and 30℃. All breeding liens had some genotype that produced microtubers at 18℃ and 25℃, with a clear tendency for lower percentage of tuberization at the high temperature. To verify in vitro screening methods for heat tolerance lines, we carried out natural high temperature filed evaluation at Tacna, La Molina and Sanramon in Peru. The results of both the in vitro test and the field assay showed clear relationship and similar expression of tuberization percentage. This finding supports the use of the in vitro assay as a rapid screening methods that represents performance at the field level. But the correlation between performance of the breeding lines under the in vitro and field condions was low. This could be due to differential response to breeding lines to characteristics of the field environment, such as soil salinity, drought, which were not represented in the in vitro assay.

양파의 웅성불임을 이용한 고랭지 지역 재배에 적합한 장일형 일대잡종 품종, ‘대관황’을 2007년 고령지농업연구센터에서 육성하였다. ‘대관황’은 ‘만추황’의 웅성불임친을 모친으로, ‘NIHA-5001’을 부친으로 하여 2001년 교배하여 육성하였다. 교배 후 ‘고시가-1호’로 명명 후 2003년에 생산력검정 예비시험을 거쳐 2004년부터 2006년까지 생산력 검정 본시험을 고랭지 3개 지역에서 실시하였다. ‘대관황’의 초형은 직립이며 숙기는 중만생형이다. ‘대관황’의 구중은 시판품종인 ‘히구마’와 비슷하며 구형은 원형이며 구피색은 황갈색으로 ‘히구마’ 보다 저장성이 뛰어난 특성을 가지고 있다. ‘대관황’은 ‘히구마’에 비해 가용성 고형분이 높고, 건물중은 비슷하여 저장성이 뛰어나 고랭지 지역 재배에 적합한 품종으로 판단된다. 그러나 고랭지지역은 해발 600 m부터 800 m의 다양한 지역에 위치하고 있어 다양한 환경 변이가 있으므로 대면적 재배 전 지역적응성을 검토하는 것이 좋을 것으로 판단된다.