Maize (Zea mays. L) is one of the major sources of green fodder for livestock in Pakistan. Crop management plays a key role in obtaining high yields for green fodder. Fertilizer application, seed rate, and row spacing are critical components of crop management, which can significantly affect crop biomass. To determine the best production technology, a two-year (2021-2023) study was conducted at the research area of National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad. Plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, green fodder yield per acre, and green fodder yield per hectare were recorded. Various row spacing (15 cm, 30 cm, 45 cm, and 60 cm), fertilizer ratio (N: P = 55:30, 65:40, 75:50, and 85:60), and seed rates (30 kg/ac, 35 kg/ac, 40 kg/ac, and 45 kg/ac) were applied. Results obtained experiments revealed that in both growing seasons, the maximum green fodder yield was obtained when fertilizer N: P ratio was 75:50 (green fodder biomass: 74.61 t/ha and 72.56 t/ha). Similarly, the optimal seed rate was found to be 40 kg/ac, which resulted in the highest green fodder yield (73.41 t/ha and 72.88 t/ha in two seasons). Furthermore, the plant of maize at row spacing of 30 cm was found to generate the maximum green fodder yield (72.39 t/ha and 72.40 t/ha, respectively). Green fodder yield per hectare was found to be positively correlated with plant height, number of leaves, and leaf area. These findings underscore the significance of applying a fertilizer ratio of N: P = 75:50, a seed rate 40 kg/ac, and a row spacing of 45 cm for higher yields of green fodder in maize crop.

Production technology trials for PARC’s new fodder oat cultivar (PARC-Oat) were conducted at the National Agricultural Research Center (NARC) under rain-fed conditions in Islamabad from 2021 to 2023. The effects of different fertilizer doses, planting densities (seed rates), and inter-row spacing on green fodder yield were studied. The experiment comprised four fertilizer doses of nitrogen and phosphorus (N:P) (55:30, 65:40, 75:50, and 85:60 kg/ha), four seed rate densities (30 kg/ac, 35 kg/ac, 40 kg/ac, and 45 kg/ac), and four inter-row spacings (15 cm, 30 cm, 45 cm, and 60 cm). Results based o n k ey p arameters a ffecting t he y ield of PARC-O at—namely plant height (cm), leaf area (cm²), leaves per tiller, number of tillers per plant, and green fodder yield (t/ha)—indicated that the maximum yield of 72.74 t/ha was observed with the fertilizer dose of 75:50 kg/ha (N:P). Similarly, a seed rate of 40 kg/ha produced optimal planting densities, resulting in the highest green fodder yield of 72.85 t/ha, while an inter-row spacing of 30 cm yielded the maximum green fodder yield of 74.30 t/ha. These results suggest that to achieve maximum green fodder biomass of oats, best management practices should include the application of a fertilizer dose of 75:50 (N:P), a seed rate of 40 kg/ha, and an inter-row spacing of 30 cm.

This study focused on Issey Miyake’s 14 womenswear collections from spring 2018 to fall 2024. Reviews and reports on these collections and the designer were collected from the American Vogue and the Women’s Wear Daily websites using the keyword “Issey Miyake.” Drawing upon the dress criticism model, this study analyzed the form of Miyake’s fashion designs identifying styles, descriptive features, and aesthetic values through the collection photographs. Implicit evaluations were derived through external interpretations and sociocultural analysis based on reviews and reports of Miyake’s collections and designs. The results were as follows: Miyake’s fashion design is avant-garde in style. Descriptively, Miyake introduced variations in silhouette through the three-dimensionality of pleats, exploring a new sculptural order. The aesthetic values of Miyake’s works extend beyond the fashion show realm, embodying natural beauty wearable in daily life, artistic beauty through the three-dimensionality of pleats, and a pursuit of new aesthetic values challenging existing systems and traditional norms. Externally interpreted, Issey Miyake is recognized for his diverse, practical, and innovative designs, and as the first Japanese designer to present shows in Paris. Sociocultural interpretations characterize of Issey Miyake’s works as a blend of tradition and modernity, an expansion of form through pleats and three-dimensional sculptural qualities, the result of ongoing research and development, possessing timeless qualities transcending eras, and a pursuit of practicality and artistic excellence.

This study investigates the kinetic compensatory gait changes in a small-sized dog (4.2 kg, 2-year-old spayed female poodle) with experimentally induced lameness. Reversible lameness was induced by applying silicone pads to the dog's forelimbs and hindlimbs. A force plate analysis system was used to measure Peak Vertical Force (PVF) and Symmetry Index (SI) during normal and induced lameness conditions. The results showed significant reductions in PVF in the induced limbs. Specifically, the left forelimb’s PVF decreased from 139.00 ± 9.85% in normal gait to 88.00 ± 19.05% after lameness induction, and the right forelimb’s PVF decreased from 130.33 ± 5.51% to 78.00 ± 18.52%. In contrast, compensatory increases were observed in the contralateral limbs, with the PVF of the contralateral forelimb increasing to 125.33 ± 1.15%. Similar patterns were observed in the hindlimbs, although the changes were less pronounced. The Symmetry Index (SI) values also increased in the induced limbs, particularly in the forelimbs (ILF: 53.10 ± 22.85%, IRF: 72.17 ± 15.08%), indicating greater asymmetry. These results suggest that forelimb lameness in small dogs results in more significant compensatory gait changes than hindlimb lameness.

이 연구는 여고생을 대상으로 외모관심도와 자기표현 욕구가 자아존중감 및 외모관리행동에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 자 기기입식 설문조사 방법을 통해 이루어졌다. 조사 기간은 2024년 8월 1일부터 2024년 9월 20일까지 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 유효표본 200부를 최종 분석자료로 활용하였고 리커트 5점 척도 를 사용하였다. 첫째, 여고생의 외모 관심도와 자기표현 욕구는 모두 자아존중 감에 유의미한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 외모관심도 와 자기표현 욕구가 높을수록 자아존중감도 높아지는 것으로 볼 수 있었다. 둘째, 여고생의 자기표현 욕구가 외모관리행동에 유의미한 정 (+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 자기표현 욕구가 높을수록 외모관리행동도 높아지는 것으로 볼 수 있었다. 셋째, 여고생의 자아존중감이 외모관리행동에 유의미한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 자아존중감이 높을수록 외모관리행 동도 높아지는 것으로 볼 수 있었다. 이상의 결과를 볼 때, 부모나 교육자는 여고생들이 외모관리행 동에 대한 올바른 판단하에 외모관심과 자기표현을 과하거나 지 나치지 않게 표출하여 자아존중감 및 외모관리를 할 수 있도록 지도하여야만 할 것이다. 결론적으로 여고생들은 질풍노도의 사춘기 단계에 있고 감정조 절이 미숙하기 때문에 자기표현 단계에서 부정적인 감정에 휘말 릴 수 있으며, 따라서 부모나 교육자는 솔직한 감정을 표출할 수 있는 열린 자세로 외모에 대한 건강한 인식과 올바른 개념을 정 립할 수 있도록 도와야 할 것이다.

This study investigates the performance characteristics of electrodeposited (ED) silver nanowires (AgNWs) networks as transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) considering Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin-film solar cells. The electrodeposition process uniformly deposits silver onto a network of spin-coated AgNWs, resulting in the enlargement of individual nanowire diameters and the formation of stronger interconnections between the AgNWs. This structural enhancement significantly improves both the electrical conductivity and thermal stability of the ED AgNW networks, making them more efficient and robust for practical applications in solar cells. The study comprehensively examines the optoelectronic properties of the ED AgNW networks, encompassing total and specular transmittance, transmission haze values, and sheet resistance, with varying durations of silver electrodeposition. Additionally, this study presents the current density (J)-voltage (V) characteristics of CIGS thin-film solar cells employing the ED AgNW TCEs, revealing how electrodeposition duration impacts overall device performance. These findings offer valuable insights for optimizing TCEs in not only thin-film solar cells but also in other optoelectronic devices, highlighting the potential for improved long-term stability across various applications without compromising performance.

3D printing using ceramic powder to produce precision ceramic parts has been studied with various additive manufacturing methods. This study analyzed problems occurring in alumina additive manufacturing that uses digital light processing (DLP) as well as methods to address such problems. For efficient analysis, we have classified alumina additive manufacturing into three types according to the driving method of the build platform - lifting type (LT), tilting type (TT) of the vat, and blade movement type (BT). LT had a problem with detachment and cracking of the alumina green body. However, this could be prevented by carefully controlling the cure depth of the suspension slurry and the bonding force between layers and improving the material used for coating the vat. TT, which resulted in non-uniform alumina additive manufacturing, could be improved by modifying the bidirectionality of the axis and the fluidity of the highly viscous alumina suspension slurry. BT resulted in detachment of the specimen as well as non-uniform results, but this could be avoided by shortening the shifting distance of the alumina suspension when it is introduced to the build platform, and enabling effective spreading.

The development of the electronics industry has led to an increased demand for the manufacture of MLCC (Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors), which in turn is expected to result in a rise in MLCC waste. The MLCC contains various metals, notably barium, titanium, and nickel, whose disposal is anticipated to increase correspondingly. Recently, recycling technologies for electronic waste have garnered attention as they address waste management and raw material supply challenges. This paper investigates the recovery of barium, nickel, and titanium from the MLCC by a hydrometallurgical process. Using citric acid, which is an organic acid, the metal inside the MLCC was leached. Additionally, metal materials were recovered through precipitation and complexing processes. As a result, barium and titanium were recovered from the leachate of the waste MLCC, and 93% of the nickel-based powder was recovered. Furthermore, the optimal recovery process conditions for recycling these metal elements were investigated.

본 연구에서는 호흡동조화기법의 대안으로 딥러닝 자유호흡기법에서 b-value 별 겉보기확산계수 값을 평가하고 확 산강조영상과 겉보기확산계수 지도의 해부학적 일치성을 분석하여 적절한 여기횟수 값을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 방법은 2023년 7월부터 2024년 1월까지 간 자기공명영상 검사가 의뢰된 성인 남녀 35명을 대상으로 하였고 사용 장비는 Magnetom Skyra 3.0T(Siemens, Germany)를 이용하였다. 자유호흡기법의 비교를 위해 b-value 50, 400, 800(s/mm2)의 여기횟수를 각각 딥러닝 호흡동조화기법에서 2,3,4으로 딥러닝을 이용하지 않은 일반 자유호 흡기법에서 4,6,8으로 검사하였다. 딥러닝을 추가한 일반 자유호흡기법에서는 1,2,3 여기횟수, 2,3,4 여기횟수, 3,5,6 여기횟수, 4,6,8 여기횟수로 변화하였다. 연구 결과 딥러닝 자유호흡기법에서 간의 좌엽과 우엽, 담낭의 평균 겉보기확산계수 값은 딥러닝 호흡동조화기법과 비교하여 모두 통계적 유의성을 확인하였다. 한편 정성적 평가의 해 부학적 일치성을 분석한 결과 딥러닝 자유호흡기법의 3,5,6 여기횟수와 4,6,8 여기횟수에서 가장 높은 점수를 얻었 으며 검사 시간에서는 딥러닝 호흡동조화기법과 비교하여 약 51%, 40% 감소하였다. 따라서 간 진단에 있어 딥러닝 자유호흡기법에서 b-value 별 적절한 여기횟수 값을 이용한다면 겉보기확산계수 지도의 정확도 유지와 함께 검사 시간을 감소시킬 수 있어 임상적으로 유용한 검사가 될 것으로 사료된다.

This study aimed to reconfirm the sex change scale and pattern of Tegillarca granosa. Although the sex ratio (female : male, female proportion) of T. granosa was 1:2.32 (30.2%) at the initial stage (2011) of the study, it was 1:0.94 (51.5%) after one year (2012) in the same population. The increase of the female proportion was greater in the 2+ year class (23.0%) when compared to the 1+ year class (19.2%). Overall, sex change ratio of 37.6% was observed in this population of T. granosa. The sex change ratio of the 2+ year class (39.3%) was higher than that of the 1+ year class (35.3%). And sex change ratio in the males (42.2%) was higher than that in the females (26.9%). The female proportion was the opposite of the result from 2006~2007, and one of the causes was presumed to be the difference in cumulative water temperature during the gonadal inactive stage (winter).