This study aimed to improve and refine climate exposure indicators developed in a previous study by incorporating and analyzing two years of Italian ryegrass field trial data from the Jinju and Jangheung regions. The objective was to evaluate the relationships between productivity and climatic factors. The field trial results demonstrated that plant height, fresh yield, and dry matter yield of Italian ryegrass was significantly higher in 2018–2019 than in 2017–2018. Precipitation and temperature during the winter and spring seasons of 2018–2019 were also greater than those recorded in 2017–2018. Correlation analyses revealed significant positive associations between productivity and precipitation in Oct, Dec, Feb, and Mar. Productivity was also positively correlated with mean temperature and mean minimum temperature in Oct, Dec, Jan, Feb, Mar, and Apr, as well as with growing degree days in Oct, Dec, Jan, Feb, and Mar. The climate exposure indicators derived in this study are expected to serve as valuable tools for predicting Italian ryegrass productivity and assessing vulnerability to climate impacts. Nevertheless, considering the complex interactions between climatic factors and field conditions, further refinement through additional experiments and analyses remains necessary.

Molecular markers have been widely applied in population genetics, diagnostic taxonomy, and genetic mapping, and they can also be used for classifying varieties of Italian ryegrass during field selection. In this study, genome-wide sequence information was generated for 10 Italian ryegrass cultivars (40 samples), including ‘Kowinearly’ (KW), using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis revealed that only three SNP loci were sufficient to distinguish KW from the other cultivars. Furthermore, 21 alternative barcode sets, each consisting of three SNPs, were identified. These SNP barcode sets provide a reliable criterion for cultivar discrimination in Italian ryegrass and can contribute to the protection of domestic varieties and the advancement of the forage industry in Korea. More broadly, the development of distinguishing markers across Italian ryegrass cultivars will enhance genetic resource identification and support the breeding of high-quality new varieties.

The development of high specific surface area and mesoporous activated carbons is required to improve the electrochemical performance of EDLC. In this study, kenaf-derived activated carbons (PK-AC) were prepared for high-power-density EDLC via phosphoric acid stabilization and steam activation. The pyrolysis behavior of kenaf with respect to the phosphoric acid stabilization conditions were examined via TGA and DTG. The textural properties of PK-AC were studied with N2/ 77 K adsorption–desorption isotherms. In addition, the crystalline structure of PK-AC was observed via X-ray diffraction. The specific surface area and mesopore volume ratio of PK-AC were determined to be 1570–2400 m2/ g and 7.7–44.5%, respectively. In addition, PK-AC was observed to have a high specific surface area and mesopore volume ratio than commercial coconut-derived activated carbon (YP-50F). The specific capacitance of PK-AC was increased from 77.0–99.5 F/g (at 0.1 A/g) to 49.3–88.9 F/g (at 10.0 A/g) with activation time increased. In particular, K-P-15-H-9–10 observed an approximately 35% improvement in specific capacitance at a higher current density of 10.0 A/g compared to YP-50F. As a result, the phosphoric acid stabilization method was confirmed to be an efficient process for the preparation of high specific surface area and mesoporous biomass-derived activated carbons, and the kenaf-derived activated carbons prepared by this process have great potential for application as electrode active materials in high-power EDLC.

본 논문은 라이소자임이 칸디다 알비칸스에 항균효능이 있음을 발견하였고 라이소자임의 분해 절편도 또한 항균효능이 있는지 단백질 분해 효소인 트립신을 처리하여 확인해 보았다. 130개의 아미노산 으로 구성된 14 kDa 단백질인 라이소자임을 약 24 kDa의 분자량을 가지는 단백질 분해 효소인 트립신으 로 분해 하였다. 분해된 생성물은 고성능 액체 크로마토그래피인 분석용 및 제조용 HPLC를 사용하여 분 석 및 분리하였다. 이를 통해 효율적인 라이소자임 소화를 위한 최적 조건을 확인하고, 분해된 펩타이드 절 편들을 분리하였다. 효능평가 결과, 일부 펩타이드 절편들이 칸디다 알비칸스에 강한 항균 활성을 보임을 확인하였으며 몇몇은 활성이 줄어드는 결과를 보였다.

A 13-year-old female lion underwent a simple mastectomy for a rapidly growing abdominal mass, confirmed as mammary adenocarcinoma after histopathological examination. Mammary tumors are common in domestic cats but less frequently reported in African lions. This report presents the first documented case of mammary adenocarcinoma in an African lion in South Korea. The mass was successfully excised through stable anesthesia and surgery. This report adds to the limited literature on mammary tumors in large felids and discusses the need for tailored management strategies.

Ectopic ureter refers to a congenital anomaly in which one or both ureters do not connect to the urinary bladder at the correct anatomical site. This case report discusses the case of a 6-year-old female mixed-breed dog diagnosed with chronic urinary incontinence, systemic hypertension, pancreatitis, and sepsis resulting from an ectopic ureter. Treatment involved an initial nephro-ureterectomy to address severe pyonephrosis, followed by ureteroneocystostomy for the remaining functional kidney. Post-surgical outcomes showed notable improvements in clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, and blood pressure. This report emphasizes the need for early diagnosis and appropriate surgical treatment in cases of ectopic ureter. Additionally, it aims to present the clinical symptoms and conditions resulting from prolonged disease progression, as well as the corresponding treatment methods and prognosis.

This study aimed to investigate the metabolic and morphological responses of Italian ryegrass to waterlogging stress during its early growth stage. Waterlogging increased the number of adventitious roots and root porosity, indicating an enhanced oxygen transport mechanism. Phenolic compound levels were increased in both leaf and root tissues under waterlogging stress compared to the control, suggesting the development of a non-enzymatic antioxidant system. Waterlogging treatment also increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels only in roots. Total soluble carbohydrates and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity increased under waterlogging stress, suggesting an increased activity of carbohydrate breakdown and energy conversion mechanisms. This study suggests that Italian ryegrass exhibits significant metabolic and morphological adaptations to waterlogging stress during its early growth stage. These adaptations demonstrate that Italian ryegrass has developed tolerance mechanisms to cope with such stress.

Clinical pathology, including hematology and serum chemistry, is an important indicator of biological changes. Animals for inhalation studies are kept in specific chambers and require historical data for accuracy. Age-related characteristics are essential for interpreting experimental results. This study aimed to provide historical clinical pathology data and analyze age-related trends in these parameters. We collected hematological and biochemical parameters from control groups of male and female F344 rats in the 4-, 13-, 26-, and 52-week repeated inhalation toxicity tests. The number of F344 rats from collected control groups were 24, 60, 50, and 25 males and 25, 60, 50, and 25 females in the 4-, 13-, 26-, and 52-week studies, respectively. Mean comparison, correlation analysis and simple linear regression analysis was conducted to reveal age-related trends. Neutrophil count, eosinophil count, neutrophil percentage, monocyte percentage, total protein, albumin, triglyceride, total cholesterol (TCHO) showed increasing trends, whereas lymphocyte count, lymphocyte percent, platelet count, alkaline phosphatase, albumin/globulin ratio, and inorganic phosphate showed decreasing trends in both the mean comparison and regression analyses. TCHO was considered the most affected parameter by aging in both sexes based on statistical results. In this study, we presented clinicopathological data from F344 rats for inhalation toxicity studies. We confirmed aging trends in clinicopathological parameters and identified TCHO as the parameter most affected by aging in F344 rats. These results would be helpful for inhalation research using F344 rats.