Five insecticides (Acrinathrin, Dinotefuran, Emamectin benzoate, Chlorfenapyr and fluxametamide) approved for tomato cultivation were evaluated in Frankliniella occidentalis populations collected from Chungcheong province (Cheongyang, Chungju and Gongju). Leaf dip bioassay was used to evaluate resistance levels (LC50). Bioassays on Acrinathrin demonstrated higher LC50 concentration in evaluated populations. In particular, the Chungju population was 745.61 times the recommended concentration of the insecticide. Other remarkable resistance levels were recorded for the Dinotefuran with 435.06 times and 196.29 times the recommended concentrations for the populations from Chungju and Gongju, respectively. Bioassays for Emamectin benzoate, Chlorfenapyr and Fluxametamide showed low resistance to insecticides in the evaluated populations.

Yellow flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis is mainly controlled using chemical control methods. But the continuous use of chemical pesticides in greenhouse may contribute to development of insecticide resistance. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the insecticidal activity of eleven insecticides against the WFT occurring in greenhouse pepper cultivation in the Gyeonggi province. The results showed no resistance in treatments with emamectin benzoate, fluxametamide, and flometoquin while high levels of resistance were recorded in treatments with acrinathrin, acetamiprid, and dinotefuran. The Anseong and Yeoju population was more resistant against spinetoram and chlorfluazuron, respectively, than populations from other regions.

When the parent radionuclide decays, the progeny radionuclide is produced. Accordingly, the dose contribution of the progeny radionuclide should be considered when assessing dose. For this purpose, European Commission (EC) and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) provide weighting factors for dose coefficient. However, these weighting factors have a limitation that does not reflect the latest nuclide data. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the EC and IAEA methodology for derivation of weighting factor and used the latest nuclide data from ICRP 107 to derive weighting factors for dose coefficient. Weighting factor calculation is carried out through 1) selection of nuclide, 2) setting of evaluation period, and 3) derivation based on ICRP 107 radionuclide data. Firstly, in order to derive the weighting factor, we need to select the radionuclides whose dose contribution should be considered. If the half-life of progeny radionuclides sufficiently short compared to the parent radionuclide to achieve radioactive equilibrium, or if the dose coefficient is greater of similar to that of the parent radionuclide and cannot be ignored, the dose contribution of the progeny radionuclide should be considered. In order not to underestimate the dose contribution of progeny radionuclides, the weighting factors for the progeny nuclides are taken as the maximum activity ratio that the respective progeny radionuclides will reach during a time span of 100 years. Finally, the weighting factor can be derived by considering the radioactivity ratio and branch fraction. In order to calculate the weighting factor, decay data such as the half-life of the radionuclide, decay chain, and branch fraction are required. In this study, radionuclide data from ICRP 107 was used. As a result of the evaluation, for most radionuclides, the weighting factors were derived similarly to the existing EC and IAEA weighting factors. However, for some nuclides, the weighting factors were significantly different from EC and IAEA. This is judged to be a difference in the half-life and branch fraction of the radionuclide. For example, in the case of 95Zr, the weighting factor for 95mNb showed a 35.8% difference between this study and previous study. For ICRP 38, when 95Zr decays, the branch fraction for 95mNb is 6.98×10-3. In contrast, for ICRP 107, the branch fraction is 1.08×10-2, a difference of 54.7%. Therefore, the weighting factor for the dose coefficient based on ICRP 107 data may differ from existing studies depending on the half-life and decay information of the nuclide. This suggests the need for a weighting factor based on the latest nuclide data. The results of this study can be used as a basis for the consideration of dose contributions for progeny radionuclides in various dose assessments.

Currently, low and intermediate-level radioactive wastes and spent nuclear fuels are continuously generated in Korea. For the disposal of the radioactive wastes, the transport demand is expected to increase. Prior to transportation, it is necessary to evaluate the radiation risk of transportation to confirm that is not high. In Korea, there is no transportation risk assessment code that reflects domestic characteristics. Therefore, foreign assessment codes are used. In this study, before developing the overland transportation risk assessment code that reflects domestic characteristics, we analyzed the radiation risk assessment methodology in transportation accident codes developed in other countries. RADTRAN and RISKIND codes were selected as representative overland transportation risk assessment codes. For the two codes we analyzed accident scenarios, exposure pathways, and atmospheric diffusion. In RADTRAN, the user classifies accident severity for possible accident scenarios, and the user inputs the probability for each accident severity. On the other hand, in the case of RISKIND, the accident scenarios are classified and the probabilities are determined according to the NRC modal study (LLNL, 1987) in consideration of the cask impact velocity, cask impact angle, and fire temperature. In the case of RISKIND, the accident scenarios are applied only to transportation of spent nuclear fuel, and cannot be defined for low and intermediate-level radioactive waste. However, in the case of RADTRAN, since the severity and probability of accidents are defined by user, it can be applied to low and intermediate-level radioactive wastes. As the exposure pathways considered in transportation accident, both RADTRAN and RISKIND consider external exposure (cloudshine and groundshine), and internal exposure (inhalation, resuspension inhalation and ingestion). In the case of RADTRAN, additionally, external exposure due to loss of shielding (LOS) is considered. Atmospheric diffusion calculation is essential to determine the extent to which radioactive materials are diffused. In both RADTRAN and RISKIND, atmospheric diffusion calculations are based on Gaussian diffusion model. Users must input Pasquill stability class, release height, heat release, wind speed, temperature and mixing height, etc. Additionally, RADTRAN can input weather information relatively simply by inputting only the Pasquill stability class fraction and selecting the US average weather option. This study results will be used as a basis for developing radioactive waste overland transportation risk assessment code that reflects domestic characteristics.

본 논문에서는 영화에서 인물의 극적인 등장, 등장 인물 간의 관계를 효과적으로 표현하 고자 할 때 주로 사용하는 영화 촬영 기법 ‘아크 트래킹 샷’을 비주얼 노블 게임에 카메라 연출을 설계 및 구현하여 적용하였다. 비주얼 노블은 소설을 읽듯 이야기 진행에 중 점을 둔 게임의 한 장르로 이미지, 사운드 등 시청각적 요소를 첨가하여 이야기의 몰입을 돕는다. 그러나 기존 비주얼 노블의 카메라는 정적이며 움직임이 극히 제한되어 있어 플레이어의 이야기 몰입도를 높이기에는 어려움이 있다. 이를 극복하고자 이야기의 전달이 중요하다는 공통점을 가진 영화의 촬영 기법 아크 트래킹 샷을 3D 게임 엔진에 가상의 카메라 트래킹 레일을 만들고 카메라에 적용하는 과정을 통해 비주얼 노블의 카메라 연출에 적용하였다. 영화 연출 기법을 비주얼 노블 게임콘텐츠에 적용하면서 기존 비주 얼 노블 연출의 단점을 극복하고 역동적인 카메라 움직임은 플레이어에게 몰입을 유지 시키는 작용을 하며 제작자가 전달하고자 하는 감정과 의미를 더욱 효과적으로 전달할 수 있도록 구현하였다.

This study was carried out to investigate insect community structure from different habitats. We performed day and night collection at three different habitats (mountain, coast and rural area) of island Deokjeok, island Soya and island Mungap from May to September in 2014. A total of 3,482 individuals of 725 species, 119 families belonging to 10 orders were collected and identified. A dominant species was Corymbia rubra (Cerambycidae) despite a very low percentage of the species among the catches. Results of ANOVA test showed a significant effect of habitats typeon species diversity. Also, combination of seasons and habitats types were significantly influential with species abundance and species diversity. Indicator species analysis (ISA) result identified 121 significant (p < 0.05) indicator species; one species for the habitats cluster, 93 species for the season cluster and 27species for combination of habitats with seasons.

An insect faunal survey was carried out to investigate insect community structure along the vegetation community to monitor insect species in forest ecosystem. We performed day and night collections from June to August along three vegetation communities of Is. Nam-hae in 2014: the first stand with Pinus thunbergii, the second P. thunbergii with Quercus serrata and the third P. thunbergii with various Quercus species. In total 2,259 individuals of 532 species, 99 families, 13 orders are identified. Cluster Analyses (CA) showed that all three vegetation communities were relatively similar between vegetation community types. According to indicator species analysis (ISA) result, nine significant indicator species were identified (p < 0.05); five species were found to be affected by the vegetation cluster and four species the month cluster.

간담도계 동맥에 의해 총담관이 압박된 예는 매우 드물다. 우간동맥에 의해 총담관이 압박되어 폐쇄황달이 발생하였을 경우, 수술적 감압으로 확진 및 치료를 할 수 있다. 20세 남자 환자가 황달을 주소로 내원하였다. 전산화 단층촬영 혈관 조영술에서 위십이지장 동맥에서 분지한 변이 우간동맥에 의한 총담관 압박으로 발생한 폐쇄황달 소견을 보였다. 내시경 경비담관 배액술을 시행하였고, 수일 후 복강경 담낭 절제술, 복강경 변이 우간동맥 가동술과 T자관 삽입술 시행 하였다. 환자는 별다른 급성기 합병증은 없었고, 이후 1년간 재발도 없었다.

캄보디아의 카사바는 최근 벼 다음으로 매우 중요한 작물로 부상하고 있다. 국내 소비와 수출이 증대됨에 따라 지난 10년 동안 급성장을 하고 있다. 최근의 재배면적 변화를 보면 2000 년 16,279 ha에서 2012년 361,854 ha로 급격하게 증가되었다. 생산량도 2000년 147,763톤에서 2012년 7,613,698톤으로 약 52배 늘었다. 단위면적당 수확량을 보면 ha당 2000년 10톤 내 외에서 최근 우기재배의 경우 21톤, 건기의 경우 약 29톤에 이르고 있다. Battambang, Kampong Cham 및 Banteay Mean Chey 등이 주산지이며, 이들 지역의 생산량은 전체의 48%를 차지하고 있다. 수량 감소 주요인은 토양 양분결핍, 재배기간의 단축, 잡초 피해 등으로 분석되었다. 따라서 생산성이 저조한 지역에서도 수량 감소 요인을 개선하게 되면 금후 수량성을 높일 수 있을 것으로 기대하고 있다. 세계 시장에서 캄보디아의 카사바 경쟁력을 높이기 위해서 는 수량성 증대와 생산비 절감이 절실하다. 영양적 측면에서 전분함량 증대, 전분의 기능성 확대, 영양가치의 향상 등도 요 구된다. 가공면에서는 가공공장의 확대, 가공효율 개선, 새로 운 가공기술과 상품 개발 등도 개선되어야 한다. 특히 새로운 시장 개척과 생산, 가공 및 유통 등의 긴밀한 협력체계 구축 이 필요하다 하겠다. 이 밖에도 높은 인플레이션에 대한 인건 비, 농산물 및 서비스가격의 상승 등도 해결되어야 한다. 또한 다수확 품종의 지속적인 공급과 농가의 기술 평준화가 선행되 어야 한다. 지역 및 국제시장에서의 카사바 가격에 대한 정보 도 충분하지 않다. 그리고 농가의 관개시설 미비에 따른 천연 강수량 의존성과 설비 보완업체 부족 등도 문제다. 이러한 점 을 해결하기 위해서는 카사바에 대한 명확한 정책 및 관련기 관의 설립 기반이 마련되어야 하고 기관과 재정의 강화뿐만 아니라 효율적인 마케팅 체계를 다양화하고 카사바 부가가치 의 향상이 필요하다고 본다.

The aim of this paper is to investigate the syntactic structure of the so-called transparent relative clause. What in the standard free relative clause has been treated as a unit including a head NP and a relative pronoun together. In the case of transparent free relatives, however, a what-clause reveals some peculiar characteristics different from standard relative clauses. To explain those characteristics, many linguists have suggested several different analyses. The analyses can be categorized into three groups: Backward Deletion, Shared Structure analysis, (Rightward) Movement and Deletion analysis. Because of their drawbacks, I have suggested Leftward Movement and Deletion analysis, and adopted Winkler's(2005) D(rivational)-Model of Grammar to explain the interactions between the PF deletion and LF interpretation.

This paper aims to suggest Middle and Medio-passive categories in Korean with cross-linguistic data. K. Kim(2009) argues that there are three kinds of non-active Voice categories in Korean: I-inchoatives, Zero inchoatives and Passives. I, however, argue that I-inchoative and Zero inchoative show morphological, distributional and semantic differences, and thus they should be respectively categorized into Middle and Anticausative. The so-called –i morpheme is regarded traditionally as passive morpheme, but I show that it is not just a passive but Non-active Voice morpheme in Korean. I have also argued that Medio-passive constructions should be assumed in Korean, because cross-linguistically they show distributional and semantic differences from middles and passives. An Instrumental phrase and an Agent phrase or an Agent phrase and‘by itself’can appear together in the medio-passives, and semantically they can have middle interpretation too.