본 연구는 기후변화에 따른 콩의 한해 및 습해에서의 안정생산 재배법 확립을 위한 물관리 방법별 생육특성 및 수량을 알아보기 위하여, 2021년과 2022년 2년에 걸쳐 무처리, 무굴착 땅속배수, 지중점적 관개 및 무굴착 땅속배수 + 지중점적 관개(관·배수 통합) 4처리로 수행하였다. 연차간 토양수분함량 및 토양수분장력은 관·배수 통합 처리구에서 토양 수분 장력 변이가 낮고, 안정적 토양수분 유지가 가능했으며, 2021년 생육특성 조사에서는 관·배수 통합 처리구 초장이 57.1㎝로 가장 길게 나타나, 가장 짧은 무관개 43.1㎝ 대비 32.5% 더 길게 조사되었으며, 2022년 초장 또한 같은 경향으로 관·배수 통합 > 지중점적관개 > 무굴착 땅속배수 > 무관개 순서로 길었다. 수량구성요소에서도 생육특성과 같은 경향을 보였으며, 이에 수량도 수량구성요소가 가장 높았던 관·배수 통합 처리구에서 연차간 각각 409, 346 kg/10a로 가장 많았다. 그러나, 관개량 및 물 이용효율 평가에서는 관·배수 통합 처리구가 지중점적관개 처리구 대비 일평균 관개량 203.1 ton/10a 더 많을 뿐만 아니라, 물 이용효율에서도 45.6% 더 낮게 나왔기 때문에 추후, 기후변화 환경에서의 효율적인 물관리와 한정된 농업용수 사용을 최대화로 할 수 있는 관개량에 따른 더 세부적인 연구가 추가된다면, 현재 지구온난화 등의 영향으로 범지구적 물 부족 현상이 나타나는 환경에서 보다 더 물 효율성을 극대화 시키고, 안정적인 콩 물관리 재배기술 개발의 기초자료가 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

본 시험은 콩 안정생산 재배법 확립을 위한 Methyl Sulfony Methane (MSM) 시용방법별 생육특성 및 수량을 알아보기 위하여 2020∼2021년에 경상국립대학교 내동 부속농장에서 ‘대원콩’을 국립종자원으로부터 분양받아 수행하였다. 본 시험의 MSM 처리는 2020년에 MSM 시용시기에 따라, 100% 농도로 하여, 기비(BF, basal fertilizaton)+추비1회, 기비+추비2회, 추비1회, 추비2회, 추비3회, 무시용구로 처리하였고, 2021년에는 2020년도에 선발된 시용시기에서의 MSM 시용량에 따라, 기비+추비 50%, 기비+추비 100%, 기비+추비 200%, 추비 50%, 추비 100%, 추비 200%, 무시용구로 설정하였다. 2020년 생육특성 조사에서는 추비시용 전 R1∼2기에 MSM을 기비한 처리구에서 초장, 경태 및 NDVI 값이 높게 나타났고, 2021년 초장에서도 가장 높게 나타났다. 추비시용 후 R6기의 2020년 초장은 무처리구 및 추비1회를 제외한 모든 처리구가, 경태는 추비3회 처리구 및 기비+추비2회 처리구가, Fv/Fm 은 기비+추비2회 처리구가 가장 높았고, 2021년 또한 기비+추비3 200% 처리구에서 초장 97.9cm, 경태 17.2 mm, 분지수 7.44 개, Fv/Fm 값 0.802 로 가장 높은 값이 나타났다. 또한, 수량구성요소는 2년간 MSM 시용의 증가에 따라 주당협수 및 협당립수에서 차이를 보여, 종실수량에서도 2020년에 추비3회 처리구 및 기비+추비2회 처리구가 각각 225, 228 kg·10a-1로 가장 많은 수량이 나타났고, 2021년에는 기비+추비3 200% 처리구에서 382 kg 10a-1로 수량이 가장 많은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 2년간의 시험에서 MSM 시용의 증가에 따라 수량도 증가하여, 기비+추비3 200% 처리구에서 최대 21.8%의 증수효과가 나타났다.

본 연구는 평야지 논토양에서 찰옥수수/콩을 활용한 2모작 재배방법을 개발하기 위한 기초자료로 활용하기 위하여, 2년간 (2019~2020년) 파종시기별 경운방법 및 재식방법에 따른 찰옥수수와 콩의 생육 및 수량 특성을 알아본 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 찰옥수수와 콩의 생육기간 중 토양 수분함량 변화에서 과잉수 정체기간은 쟁기+로터리 처리와 이랑너비가 좁을수록 짧게 조사되어, 쟁기+로터리60 cm 처리구에서 가장 짧았다. 2. 모든 시기의 생육특성 조사에서 찰옥수수는 2차파종 쟁기+로터리60 cm 처리구가 연차간 초장과 경태가 가장 길었고, 엽수도 가장 많았으며, 엽색도도 가장 높았으며, 콩은 1차파종 에서 쟁기+로터리60 cm 처리구가 연차간 모두 초장, 경태, 엽수 및 엽색도의 조사값이 가장 높았다. 3. 찰옥수수 수량에서는 2차파종 쟁기+로터리60 cm 처리구가 연차간 모두 1,245, 1,262 kg/10a 로 가장 많았고, 콩은 1차 파종 쟁기+로터리60 cm 처리구에서 223, 220 kg/10a 로 가장 많았으며, 다음으로 1차파종 쟁기+로터리120 cm · 로터 리60 cm 처리구 및 2차파종에서 쟁기+로터리60 cm 처리구에서 186~210 kg/10a 로 많았다. 4. 생육조사 및 수량평가에서 파종시기와 이랑너비에서 뚜렷한 차이를 보였으며, 평야지 논에서 찰옥수수와 콩 2모작 재 배시 쟁기+로터리하여 60 cm의 고휴에 1열로 찰옥수수는 4월 초에 파종, 콩은 찰옥수수의 수확시기에 맞춘 7월 중순 파종 하여 재배하는 것이 유리할 것으로 생각된다.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of various mulching materials on growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench). Three kinds of polyethylene (PE) mulching materials were used which are: black (Black), green (Green), and white and black on both sides (White), black non-woven fabric (Fabric), and barley straw (Straw) and the control plot (Control) were also used in this study. The change of soil temperature was observed in various mulching materials with Green showing the highest average temperature of 24.4o, followed by Black > Fabric > Control > White > Straw. The variation of plant length,, aboveground weight, and root weight were constant in the order of Green > Black > White > Fabric > Control > Straw. Total yield (number of fruits) were 281,000 in Green which was the highest yield, and the least was from Straw which was 62.3% of Green. Total weight of fruits in Green was 395 kg which was the heaviest, and in Straw was least with 226 kg Hence, the weight of fruits

Background : This study was conducted to serve as a basis for the production of high quality organic cultivation Platycodin grandiflorum Ridix roots by analyzing the content of saponins according to organic fertilizer for organic farming. Methods and Results : Platycodin grandiflorum Ridix was treated by with biodegradable film, rice husks, and sawdust, non-mulching (hand weeding). A root of Platycodon grandiflorum were analyzed saponins using HPLC harvested on October. Content of Plantycodin D3 was an average of 68.5 ㎎/100g, which appeared as 111.2 ㎎/100g highest content in the sawdust treated. Deapioplatycodin D showed the highest 48.1 ㎎/100g in the sawdust treated. The content of Platycodin D was shown to 246.2∼373.8 ㎎/100g, the highest values were observed in non-mulching, it showed the lowest value in the rice husks treated. The content of Polygalacin D showed up to 156.0 ㎎/100g in the non-mulching as the biggest difference, the lowest value were 30.1 and 32.2 ㎎/100g in sawdust and rice husks treated. Large differences between fertilizers was not showed, but the overall saponin content of Platycodin grandiflorum Ridix were low in value compared to the control than organic fertilizers. Conclusion : Large differences between mulching materials was showed, thus the overall saponin content of Platycodin grandiflorum Ridix was highest in value compared to non-mulching than sawdust treatment. Mulching Platycodin grandiflorum Ridix with sawdust was an effective method for improving saponin contents.

Background : This study was performed to know the effect of mulching materials on the growth and root characteristics of Platycodin grandiflorum Ridix. Methods and Results : Platycodin grandiflorum Ridix was treated by with biodegradable film, rice husks, and sawdust, non-mulching (hand weeding). To measure the fresh weight and length, thickness and the number of fine root of the Platycodin grandiflorum Ridix roots harvested in October. Root length appeared in the biodegradable film and sawdust were 27.5 and 26.7㎝ longest, rice husks was the shortest 22.0㎝. Diameter at the thickest showed 30.9 ㎜ in biodegradable film, the following phrase appeared sawdust and rice husks application. The number of fine-root was investigated in biodegradable film most piece 36.0. Fresh weight, which is directly related to yield were biodegradable film to 130 g the highest in the number of fine-root and the longest root length. Conclusion : For the increasing the yield that Pharmacological effect, biodegrada

Background : The root of Platycodin grandiflorum has been widely used as a crude drug or a dependent on the cultivation area and cultivation method. Therefore, this study was conducted to know the effect of organic fertilizer on the changes of antioxidents and antioxidant activity of Platycodin grandiflorum Ridix. Methods and Results : As basal fertilizer were treated before transplanting Platycodin grandiflorum Ridix with chemical fertilizer(Super21, 21-17-17, Namhae Chemical), mixed organic fertilizer, bacterial culture, fermented oil cake and manure in each trial of nitrogen based on 3㎏/10a criteria. The total polyphenol content was highest values were 15.5mg/g appear in the mixed organic fertilizers, the lowest were 9.1mg/g appeared in the manure and control. Flavonoid content showed the highest 15.3 mg/g in the mixed organic fertilizer, and investigated at the lowest 5.0 mg/g in the fermented oil cake. ABTS radical scavenging activity was the highest in was 65.7 mgTE/g in the chemical fertilizer, showed the lowest value in the control to 13.0 mgTE/g. Therefore, both flavonoid and polyphenol content showed a high value on organic fertilizers. Conclusion : Therefore, both flavonoid and polyphenol content showed a high value on organic fertilizers. It is determined that to have researches for a variety of antioxidants by the organic fertilizers made in the future.

Background : This study was conducted to serve as a basis for the production of high quality organic cultivation Platycodin grandiflorum Ridix roots by analyzing the content of saponins according to organic fertilizer for organic farming. Methods and Results : As basal fertilizer were treated before transplanting Platycodin grandiflorum Ridix with chemical fertilizer(Super21, 21-17-17, Namhae Chemical), mixed organic fertilizer, livestock manure, bacterial cultures and fermented oil cake in each trial of nitrogen based on 3 ㎏/10a criteria. A root of Platycodon grandiflorum were analyzed saponins using HPLC harvested on October. Content of Plantycodin D3 was an average of 40.6 ㎎ /100g, which appeared as 48.1 ㎎/100g highest content in the bacteria cultures treated. Deapioplatycodin D showed the highest 70.9 ㎎/100g in the control, the rest was investigated 28.1∼54 ㎎/100g. The content of Platycodin D was shown to 327.4∼373.8 ㎎/100g, the highest values were observed in mixed organic fertilizer, it showed the lowest value in the control. The content of Polygalacin D showed up to 336.7 ㎎/100g in the manure as the biggest difference, the lowest value were 54.5 and 74.2 ㎎/100g in bacterial cultures and control. Large differences between fertilizers was not showed, but the overall saponin content of Platycodin grandiflorum Ridix were low in value compared to the control than organic fertilizers. Conclusion : For the increasing the yield that Pharmacological effect, organic fertilizer is effective to increase the number of fine-root high which high contented with saponins.

Background : This study was performed to know the effect of organic fertilizers on the growth and root characteristics of Platycodin grandiflorum Ridix. Methods and Results : As basal fertilizer were treated before transplanting Platycodin grandiflorum Ridix with chemical fertilizer(Super21, 21-17-17, Namhae Chemical), mixed organic fertilizer, bacterial cultures and fermented oil cake, manure in each trial of nitrogen based on 3 ㎏/10a criteria. To measure the fresh weight and length, thickness and the number of fine root of the Platycodin grandiflorum Ridix roots harvested in October. Root length appeared in the mixed organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer were 25.3 and 24.0 ㎝ longest, oil cake was the shortest 15.3㎝. Diameter at the thickest showed 26.6 ㎜ in chemical fertilizer, the following phrase appeared bacterial cultures and mixed organic fertilizer application. The number of fine-root was investigated in mixed organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer most pieces 20.0 and 17.0. Fresh weight, which is directly related to yield were mixed organic fertilizer to 55.7 g the highest in the number of fine-root and the longest root length. Conclusion : For the increasing the yield that Pharmacological effect, organic fertilizer is effective to increase the number of fine-root high which high contented with saponins.

Background : Platycodon grandiflorum radix used as a therapeutic agent for lung and respiratory diseases in traditional Korean medicine. The saponin and sugar content in P. grandiflorum root is dependent on the drying temperature and method. In this study, we investigated saponins and antioxidant contents in dried P. grandiflorum roots either not cut or cut to different lengths. Methods and Results : P. grandiflorum roots were either cut to 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 ㎝ in length or left uncut. They were dried at 45℃ and the effect of antioxidant substances, antioxidant ability, and saponin content were investigated. P. grandiflorum roots rapidly dried out when cut to short lengths. The saponin contents (platycodin D, polygalacin D, and deapioplatycodin D) was highest in the uncut P. grandiflorum roots. When the cut lengths were long, the levels of polyphenolic compound increased. However, 2,2'-azinobis- 3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities were higher in the samples cut to shorter lengths. Conclusions : These results suggested that the saponin and antioxidant content of P. grandiflorum roots could be maximized by controlling the drying rate of the roots via adjustments to the root cutting length.