Due to their anatomical, physiological and genetic similarities, pig is attractive animal model in biomedical research. In the recent stem cell research era, porcine derived stem cells also gain attention due to its use for the preclinical application of human. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been studied by many researchers over decade, and their prospect for clinical application is recognized. Although porcine derived MSCs (pMSCs) have confirmed to be differentiated into various types of cells, such as osteocyte, chondrocyte, neuronal cell, cardiomyocyte and pancreatic β cell, few report has been studied regarding hepatocyte differentiation in vitro. The present study was therefore aimed for bone marrow MSCs derived from pig femur to differentiate into hepatocyte. The cells were confirmed as MSCs by characterizing their morphology, lineage differentiation capacity and surface phenotype. They showed spindle like morphology and adipocytic, osteoblastic, and chondrocytic differentiation potentials and displayed positive expression of mesenchymal markers CD29, CD44 and CD90 while lacked the expression of hematopoietic marker CD45. Under appropriate differentiation conditions, MSCs displayed hepatocyte-like morphology depending on duration of differentiation. The differentiated MSCs into hepatocyte expressed hepatocyte-specific genes including hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4), albumin (ALB), alpha fetoprotein (AFP), alpha-1-anti trypsin (A1AT). They also showed hepatocyte-like function, glycogen storage which is identified by PAS staining. Taken together, it concluded that the bone marrow MSCs have the potential to differentiate into hepatocyte. Further studies are needed on additional hepatocytic functional assays, such as low density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake and urea synthesis of differentiated MSC.

경주 방사성 폐기물 처분장 주변 논에 대한 방사성 요오드 및 테크네튬의 토양-쌀알 전이계수를 조사하 기 위하여 온실 내에서 포트재배로 방사성 추적자 실험을 2 년에 걸쳐 수행하였다. 모내기 전에 상부 약 20 cm 깊이의 흙을 125I(2007 년) 및 99Tc(2008 년)와 고르게 혼합한 다음 포트에 관개하여 물이 찬 논같 이 만들었다. 전이계수는 토양 중 방사성 핵종 농도에 대한 쌀알(현미) 내 농도의 비로 나타내었다. 쌀알 의 방사성 요오드 및 테크네튬 전이계수는 토양에 따라 각각 1.1×10-3∼6.4×10-3(세 토양) 및 5.4×10-4∼2.5×10-3(네 토양)의 범위였다. 이러한 변이에 대해서는 토양 간 점토 함량의 차이가 유기물 함량이나 pH의 차이보다 중요한 역할을 한 것으로 보였다. 쌀알의 방사성 요오드 및 테크네튬 전이계수의 대표치 로서 각각 2.9×10-3 및 1.1×10-3이 제안되었다. 앞으로 보다 대표성이 높은 값을 얻기 위하여 관심 부지 들을 대상으로 조사가 지속적으로 수행될 필요가 있다.

무에 대한 I2 증기의 작물체 침적속도와 뿌리 전류계수를 측정하기 위하여 파종 후 29 일에서 53 일 사이에 생육시기별로 작물체를 I2 증기에 80 분 간 피폭시켰다. 피폭은 오전 중에 투명한 상자 내에서 수행되었다. 침적속도(ms-1)는 대체로 1.0×10-4∼2.0×10-4의 범위로 생육밀도가 높을수록 증가하는 경향이었다. 또한 상대습도가 높을 경우 값이 커진다는 기존 보고와 어느 정도 일치하였다. 본 침적속도는 몇몇 야외 측정치보다 수 십 배 정도 낮았고 이는 주로 피폭상자 내의 낮은 풍속(0.2 ms-1 내외)에 기인하는 것으로 추정되었다. 뿌리 전류계수(작물체 총침적량에 대한 수확시 뿌리 내 함유량의 비)는 다소 보수적으로 계산하여 파종 후 29 일 피폭에서 1.3×10-3, 파종 후 53 일 피폭에서는 5,0×10-3이었다. 본 실험결과의 이용에 있어서는 기상 조건, 요오드의 물리화학적 형태 등에 유의할 필요가 있다.

The microstructure and electrical conductivity of CNTs dispersed nanocomposites depending on the powder processing and CNTs content were demonstrated. The composite powders with homogeneous dispersion of CNTs could be synthesized by a catalytic route for direct formation of CNTs on nano-sized Fe dispersed powders. The sintered nanocomposite using the composite powder with directly synthesized CNTs showed homogeneous microstructure and enhanced elelctrical conductivity. The influence of powder processing on the properties of sintered nanocomposites was discussed by the observed microstructural features.

A theoretical model is applied to the analysis of thermomechanical properties of FGMs in this study. Functionally graded composites ( FGMs) consisted with 10 layers gradually changing volume fractions of Al and were fabricated using the pressureless infiltration technique. FGMs plates of total thickness of 3mm, 5mm and 7mm with fairly uniform distribution and compositional gradient of reinforcement in the Al matrix throughout the thickness was successfully fabricated. The curvature of FGM plates was measured to check the internal stress distribution predicted via a theoretical model for the analysis of thermo-mechanical deformation. The evolution of curvature and also internal stresses in response to temperature variations could be predicted for the different combinations of geometric thickness of FGM plates. Theoretical prediction of thermally induced stress distribution makes it possible to design FGM structures without any critical failure during the usage of them.

Previous studies have suggested that individuals need to invest in the accumulation of career competencies. To demonstrate how to acquire career competencies, a model consisting of the knowing why, knowing how, and knowing whom competencies was actively discussed in the previous studies. This study seeks to identify the relationships among these competencies based on three ways of knowing, and their effects on perceived work performance. Furthermore, this study tried to identify the importance of each of these competencies in predicting perceived individual performance in the business workplace environment. The findings showed that the knowing why, knowing how, and knowing whom competencies all have a statistically significant positive influence on perceived individual work performance. Also, the study results showed the relative importance of the three competencies for perceived work performance. Specifically, the study results showed that the effects of the knowing why and knowing whom competencies are greater than the effect of the knowing how competency. The theoretical and practical implications of the study results were provided, including empirical evidence of the validity of the career capital model, the appropriateness of the career competency model based on the three ways of knowing, and assignment of resources for the acquisition of career competencies.

The study aims to define the career competency of HRD practitioners based on an intelligent career framework. This intelligent career framework has been described as having been achieved by the accumulation of career capital through the three ways of knowing, including knowing why, knowing how, and knowing with whom. The data were collected from the interviews with 15 HRD practitioners. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from the HRD practitioners. For the orientation about the interview, the researcher explained the importance of gathering data about the personal experiences of the respondents on their work and career. After that explanation, the researcher asked several questions based on the pre-structured interview guide. The data collected were qualitatively analyzed on the basis of the intelligent career framework. Based on the analysis of the interviews, the subcategories of each way of knowing competency were identified. For the knowing why, identity, credibility, and career clarity were identified. The subcategories of knowing how are remaining updates, hard skills, and soft skills, while the subcategories of knowing with whom are personal networking and professional networking. The interdependency among the three career competencies was found. The findings provide theoretical implications of applying an intelligent career framework.

The goal of ecotourism is the conservation of nature, creating benefits for local residents, and providing high quality tourism for visitors. This study investigated: (1) visitors' satisfaction about festival activities and (2) the contribution of ecotourism to the region, specifically visitors' understanding of the local culture and visitors' consumption at this festival. The results of this study were as follows. First, spending time with family was the major reason of visiting this festival. The major visiting pattern of this festival was family, too. Developing family oriented experience programs were required. Second, visitors were quite satisfied with the programs of this festival. Visitors were the most satisfied the International Butterfly Room where visitors can see live butterflies. Third, visitors could understand the local culture in this festival and the county's development strategy is related to butterflies. Visitors could see butterflies even on blankets and pillows of motels, and designs at the bus terminal in Hampyeong county. Fourth, in terms of visitors' consumption at this festival, visitors spent more money on lodging, traffic, entrance fees. Finally, managerial implications for the festival staff were suggested.

Sustainable development is a key issue in the 21st Century and ecotourism is an alternative area of sustainable development. Ecotourism marketing is also a part of societal marketing which emphasizes social contributions. This study investigated the factors which affected ecotourist satisfaction and behavioral intentions. The sample for this study was composed of 212 ecotourists who visited the Upo area. This is one of the most well-known educational ecotourism sites in Korea and it has been registered at the Ramsar Convention for the conservation of wetlands since 1998. This study demonstrated that expectation factors did not significantly influence satisfaction. Second, the performance factors of physical attributes, eco-interpretation, eco-experience, and usability did significantly influence satisfaction. Third, the expectation factor of accessibility was significantly related to disconfirmation. Fourth, all performance factors significantly influenced disconfirmation. Fifth, it was found that disconfirmation significantly influenced satisfaction. Finally, satisfaction significantly influenced the intention to revisit and recommend the site to others. Managerial implications and future studies are discussed.

The purposes of this study were to investigate ecotourism goals of conservation and increasing residents' benefits based on perceptions from the stakeholders of the Upo wetland. The stakeholders are residents, five villages' reprensentatives, people who were residents but now live out of the area, civil officals, and environmental NGO staffs of he Upo wetland. The results of this study were as follows: While the perceptions of environmental conservation among interviewees were positive, the residents' perceptions about residents' benefits were very negative in the Upo wetland. People who used to reside and then moves out had pride about the Upo and they wanted to return to live in the Upo wetland area. Even though the wetland is named as one of the most well known ecotourism sites by the Ministry of Environment and Korean National Ecotourism Organization(KNTO), the Upo wetland area is not an ecotourism site yet based on the definition of ecotourism goals which seek generating conservation and residents' benefits in this study. There are suggestions for this wetland area. The conservation policy with the residents' benefits are strongly recommended.

The purposes of this study were to investigate visitors' environmental attitudes of educational tourism, environmental preservation, and regional economic benefits satisfaction through the Chunsuman Bay Birdwatching Festival. The results of this study were as follows: First, the degree of educational satisfaction was high and this festival provided environmental preservation mind for visitors and local residents as well. The festival participants had a positive attitude toward migratory birds. Especially, the residents who had negative perceptions toward migratory birds due to physical harms of agricultural crops was positively changed after visiting this festival. So there should be prepared for more strategic approaches for residents' visiting and participating this birdwatching festival. Second, while the number of tourists was increased, it did not make a practical contribution to residents' income Particularly, farmers' satisfaction was low. So there should be more strategic programs to improve residents' economic rewards for sustainable development.

It has been believed that supplementation of human diets with soybean products markedly reduces human cancer mortality rates. Specifically the black colored soybean has been considered as having a medicinal effect since ancient times in Korea. Six genotypes of black colored soybean and a normal variety were investigated for their biological effect. While the isoflavone content of black colored soybean was higher than the normal soybean, saponin content of the seeds was not different among varieties. In the case of antioxidant activity, black colored soybean showed over 3 times increase in the active effect than the control variety. When feeding soybean extract, a general change of alcohol resolving effect, such as alcohol dehydrogenase activity, was observed in the blood and liver of rats.