Climatic change affects agricultural, environmental and livestock production. Forage productivity is highly dependent on the weather change. The Pyeongchang region has more difficulty in cultivation of Sorghum-Sudangrass hybrids (SSH) than other warm regions because of the cold weather. This experiment was carried out to analysis the agronomic characteristics, productivity, and nutritive value of three cultivars of Sorghum-Sudangrass hybrids in the Pyeongchang region from 2021 to 2022. Two harvests were taken in each year, and the agronomic characteristics, dry matter yield, and nutrient content of the whole SSH crops were determined. The plant height ranged between 281-291 cm and 165-172 cm in the first and second harvest, respectively. Plant height of Superdan (291±49 cm) was the highest in the first cut and Dairy mens Dream (172±30 cm) was the highest in the second cut time. Stem diameter ranged from 9.5 to 8.8 mm with Superdan having a higher level than the other two cultivars. The Dairy mens Dream variety produced significantly higher dry matter yield (15,695 kg/ha) than those of Superdan (14,584 kg/ha) and Supergreen (14,300 kg/ha) over a two-year experimental period. In terms of nutritional quality, the crude protein content, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber of SSH cultivars were analysed. There were no significant changes in the content of CP, ADF and NDF ranges among the cultivars. In addition, the Superdan cultivar had slightly higher CP content (10.17%) and was followed by Dairy mens Dream (9.84%) and Supergreen (9.54%) in the second cut time of 2-year average. Dairy mens dream had lower ADF and NDF values than other cultivars; however, no significant differences amongst cultivars in fiber content were observed. Therefore, these three cultivars displayed the potential growth characteristics, DM yield and nutritive values in Pyeongchang region. Hence, the SSH cultivars have a potential to withstand the climatic change and improve SSH productivity in the study area.

Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) and Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) cause substantial economic losses on the livestock industry. Therefore, vaccinations have been implemented as the control strategy in endemic countries. However, the potential adverse effects of administering vaccines for both diseases simultaneously have not been thoroughly evaluated. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of vaccinating dairy cows with either or both LSD and FMD vaccines on milk production and physiological parameters such as milk temperature, rumination time and body weight. The experimental groups were divided into four according to the injection materials: 1) saline, 2) LSD vaccine, 3) FMD vaccine, and 4) both vaccines. The impact of vaccination on milk yield and physiological parameters was evaluated daily until 12 days post-vaccination, and milk components were analyzed twice, once per week. Among the experimental groups as well as each vaccine group, no statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed at milk yield, milk components, or milk temperature. This suggests that simultaneous vaccination of LSD and FMD can be administered without adverse effects.

리튬이온배터리는 높은 에너지 저장 효율과 환경 지속 가능성으로 점점 더 많은 관심을 받고 있다. PU 기반 리튬이온배터리에 사용되는 기존의 고분자 (polyurethane, PU) 바인더는 높은 유연성과 기 계적 강도를 제공하여 전극의 부피 변화를 감소시키고 구조적 안정성을 확보하는데 효과적이지만, 이와같 은 고분자 계열의 바인더는 전기전도도가 낮고 생산 및 폐기 과정에서 환경 문제를 야기할 수 있다. 따라 서, 본 연구에서는 이러한 고분자계 바인더의 단점을 해결하고자 고분자계 바인더로 많이 사용되는 PU 기 반 리튬이온배터리에 비해 향상된 전기화학적 성능과 안정성을 가진 새로운 바인더로서 석유계 피치 (SM260)/고분자 (polyurethane, PU) 복합소재 기반 바인더를 개발하였다. 특히, PU 바인더가 적용된 리튬 이온배터리는 100 사이클 후 가역 용량이 80 mAh/g으로, 초기 용량의 25%의 용량 유지율을 나타낸 반면, 본 연구에서 개발한 석유계 피치 (SM260)/고분자 (polyurethane, PU) 복합소재 복합 바인더가 적용된 리 튬이온배터리는 100 사이클 후 가역용량이 208 mAh/g으로 유지되고, 초기 용량의 68% 용량 유지율을 나 타내었다.

This study focused on Issey Miyake’s 14 womenswear collections from spring 2018 to fall 2024. Reviews and reports on these collections and the designer were collected from the American Vogue and the Women’s Wear Daily websites using the keyword “Issey Miyake.” Drawing upon the dress criticism model, this study analyzed the form of Miyake’s fashion designs identifying styles, descriptive features, and aesthetic values through the collection photographs. Implicit evaluations were derived through external interpretations and sociocultural analysis based on reviews and reports of Miyake’s collections and designs. The results were as follows: Miyake’s fashion design is avant-garde in style. Descriptively, Miyake introduced variations in silhouette through the three-dimensionality of pleats, exploring a new sculptural order. The aesthetic values of Miyake’s works extend beyond the fashion show realm, embodying natural beauty wearable in daily life, artistic beauty through the three-dimensionality of pleats, and a pursuit of new aesthetic values challenging existing systems and traditional norms. Externally interpreted, Issey Miyake is recognized for his diverse, practical, and innovative designs, and as the first Japanese designer to present shows in Paris. Sociocultural interpretations characterize of Issey Miyake’s works as a blend of tradition and modernity, an expansion of form through pleats and three-dimensional sculptural qualities, the result of ongoing research and development, possessing timeless qualities transcending eras, and a pursuit of practicality and artistic excellence.

기후변화로 인해 국내에서의 기온, 강수량, 호우일수가 증가 할 것으로 예측됨에 따라, 토양 답압과 높은 불투수면적 비율이 나타나는 도심지를 중심으로 정원과 공공녹지에 활용되는 식물 소재에 있어 내침수성이 중요한 특성으로 부각될 가능성이 높 다. 그러나 내침수성 식물소재에 대한 대다수의 문헌은 재배경 험이나 각 종의 서식지 환경에 기반하고 있는 경우가 많아 실험 적 검증이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구는 토양수분함량이 높은 서식지에서 기원한 골등골나물(Eupatorium lindleyanum DC.), 새등골나물(E. fortunei Turcz.), 좀개미취(Aster maackii Regel) 3개 종과 중간인 서식지에서 기원한 까실쑥부쟁이 (A. ageratoides Turcz.) 1개 종의 침수조건에 대한 생육반응 비교로 서식지 환경이 내침수성 평가의 유효한 지표인지 알아보 고자 하였다. 실험대상 종을 6주간 무처리(대조구), 5일 침수처리, 7일 침수처리한 결과, 골등골나물과 새등골나물은 대조구와 처리구간 생육반응에서 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않아 높은 수준 의 내침수성을 지니는 것으로 나타났다. 좀개미취는 생장반응이 처리구에서 대조구 대비 유의하게 감소하여 내침수성은 제한적 인 것으로 보였으나, 5일 침수처리구에서 광계 II의 최대양자효 율(Fv/Fm)이, 두 처리구 모두에서 지상부 대비 지하부의 비율 (R/S율)이 대조구와 유의한 차이를 보이지 않아 침수조건의 해 소 후 회복 가능성을 지니는 것으로 나타났다. 까실쑥부쟁이는 처리 4 주차에 모든 처리구에서 100%의 고사율을 보여 내침수 성을 갖추지 못한 것으로 판단되었다. 결론적으로, 서식지 환경 은 내침수성과 관련이 있다 할 수 있었으나, 내침수성의 정확한 평가를 위해서는 토양수분함량 외 다양한 환경요소들을 함께 고려해야할 필요성이 있을 것으로 보인다.

The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a zoonotic pathogen that affects the nervous systems of humans, pigs, and horses. It has been classified into five genotypes (G1-G5) based on molecular analysis of the pre-membrane or envelope gene. In the Republic of Korea, the predominant JEV genotype has recently shifted from G3 to G1 and G5, highlighting the need for a rapid and accurate diagnostic method. In this study, we designed specific common and differential primer sets for JEV G1, G3, and G5 to detect the JEV gene. Four specific primer sets for JEV G1, G3, and G5 were used to selectively amplify the target gene. The detection limits of the common primer set for JEV G1, G3, and G5 were 100, 0.1, and 10 TCID50/reaction, respectively. The detection limits of the three differential primer sets were 1, 0.1, and 1 TCID50/reaction, respectively. No cross-reactivity was observed with non-JEV reference viruses. We successfully developed a multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay to distinguish the three JEV genotypes. Our multiplex RT-PCR assay is highly sensitive and specific, providing a reliable tool for confirming JEV infection in suspected samples. Additionally, our assay can be applied to suspected mosquito samples and commercial veterinary biological products.

Seeds of some barberry species have embryo with physiological dormancy that requires a cold stratification for germination. Berberis amurensis Rupr. is a native species of Japan, Korea, the Russian far east, and parts of China. This specific plant is important for its edible fruits and rhizomes with high medicine value. This study aimed to determine the effect of stratification on germination and physiological change of B. amurensis. Seeds were placed on sterilized sand medium moistened with distilled water in 9 cm diameter petri dishes and stored at 4 and 25˚C for 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days. Each treatment had 40 seeds per replica, and three repetitions per treatment. Immediately after stratification, total phenolics contents (TPC) was analyzed and seeds incubated at 15/6˚C for 12 weeks. Warm stratification had a significant effect on seed forcing for germination than cold stratification treatment. At 25˚C for 60 days, stratified seed showed highest germination percentage (25.7±4.3%) and germination started in 14 days of the stored period. Whereas TPC was significantly decreased with increasing stored period. Contrastively, cold stratification had no effect on the germination ability. In the same way germination percentage of non-stratified seeds were also zero. The results confirmed that B. amurensis seeds were in a dormant state and warm stratification increased the germination ability by breaking of dormancy.

Activated carbon is generally recognized as an applicable material for gas or liquid adsorption and electrochemical devices, such as electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs). Owing to the continuous increase in its price, research aimed at discovering alternative materials and improving its fabrication yield is important. Herein, organic pigments were ingeniously employed to enhance the fabrication of high-surface-area activated carbon with remarkable efficiency. Moreover, the focus was centered on the assessment of activated carbon derived from 2,9-dimethylquinacridone, also known as CI Pigment Red 122 for its capacity to adsorb tetracycline (TC) and its applicability as an electrode material for EDLCs. Activating these organic pigments with varying potassium hydroxide ratios allowed the fabrication of activated carbon with a higher yield than that for conventional activated carbon. Furthermore, it was confirmed that activated carbon with a very high specific surface area can be efficiently fabricated, demonstrating a remarkable potential in various application fields. Notably, this activated carbon exhibited an impressive maximum specific surface area and a total pore volume of 3,935 m2/ g and 2.324 cm3/ g, respectively, showcasing its substantial surface area and distinctive porous characteristics. Additionally, the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were employed to examine the TC adsorption on the activated carbon, with the Langmuir model demonstrating superior suitability than the Freundlich model. Furthermore, the electrochemical performance of an activated carbon-based electrode for EDLCs was rigorously evaluated through cyclic voltammetry. The specific capacitance exhibited a considerable increase in proportion to the expanding specific surface area of the activated carbon.

Magnons have unique properties, including long propagation length, and can exist in insulators. Magnon valve structures, which consist of two magnetic insulating layers, offer a promising approach for advanced magnetoresistive randomaccess memory (MRAM) technology and an alternative to the limitations of traditional electronic devices. In this study, we investigate a magnon valve structure that incorporates a platinum (Pt) spacer between two magnetic insulator layers, specifically yttrium iron garnet (Y3Fe5O12, YIG). Structural characterization of the YIG/Pt/YIG magnon valve was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confirming the high-quality growth of the multilayer structure. The magnon valve behavior was assessed through vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) and spin Seebeck effect (SSE) measurements. Our results demonstrate magnon valve behavior, which becomes apparent as the Pt spacer reaches a thickness sufficient to decouple the magnetization of the YIG layers. The magnon valve ratio of the magnon valve can be modulated, and clarity of the those states can be enhanced.

Mesocrystals are macroscopic structures formed by the assembly of nanoparticles that possess distinct surface structures and collective properties when compared to traditional crystalline materials. Various growth mechanisms and their unique features have promise as material design tools for diverse potential applications. This paper presents a straightforward method for metal–organic coordination-based mesocrystals using nickel ions and terephthalic acid. The coordinative compound between Ni2+ and terephthalic acid drives the particle-mediated growth mechanism, resulting in the mesocrystal formation through a mesoscale assembly. Subsequent carbonization converts mesocrystals to multidirectional interconnected graphite nanospheres along the macroscopic framework while preserving the original structure of the Ni-terephthalic acid mesocrystal. Comprehensive investigations demonstrate that multi-oriented edge sites and high crystallinity with larger interlayer spacing facilitate lithium ion transport and continuous intercalation. The resulting graphitic superparticle electrodes show superior rate capability (128.6 mAh g− 1 at 5 A g− 1) and stable cycle stability (0.052% of capacity decay per cycle), certifying it as an advanced anode material for lithium-ion batteries.

It is important to measure the performance of group project but also very important to evaluate the contribution of individual members fairly. The degree of contribution of group members can be assessed by pair-wise comparison method of the Analytic Hierarchy Process. The degree of contribution of group members can be biased in a way that is advantageous to evaluator oneself during the pair-wise comparison process. In this paper, we will examine whether there is a difference in the contribution weight vectors obtained when including evaluator and excluding oneself in the pair-wise comparison. To do this, the experimental data was obtained by making pair-wise comparison in two ways for 15 5-person groups that perform term projects in university classes and 15 pairs of weight vectors for contribution were obtained. The results of the nonparametric test for these 15 pairs of weights vectors are given.

본 연구에서는 Text-to-3D 생성형 AI 기술을 활용하여 메타버스 방 꾸미기 게임의 프로토타 입을 설계하고 구현하고자 하였다. <Roblox>와 <Minecraft>와 같은 가상 현실 기반의 메타버 스 게임은 사용자를 단순한 플레이어에서 창작자인 크리에이터로 발전할 수 있게 하였고 이러 한 재미 요소는 대중적인 인기에 이바지하였다. 생성형 AI는 데이터와 패턴을 기반으로 다양 한 형태의 미디어 콘텐츠를 쉽게 생성할 수 있으며, 게임 개발에도 마찬가지로 유용하다. 이러 한 생성형 AI를 통한 콘텐츠 제작은 시간과 비용을 절약할 뿐만 아니라 결과적으로 콘텐츠의 품질을 높이고 다양성을 확보할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 언리얼 엔진의 네트워크 프레임워크 를 활용한 리슨 서버(Listen-Server) 방식으로 방 꾸미기 게임을 설계 및 구현하였다. 이 게 임의 핵심 시스템은 메타버스에서 사용자가 쉽게 생성형 AI로 3D 모델을 생성하고, 자신의 방 에 배치할 수 있게 하는 것이다. 본 연구를 통해 코딩 기초 이해는 물론 좀 더 쉬운 방법으로 3D 오브젝트 생성을 통해 사용자가 원하는 메타버스 플랫폼 제작을 가능하게 하며 이러한 과 정은 사용자뿐만 아니라 동시에 창작자의 역할로 이용자의 주체성, 창의성, 의사소통 능력 등 을 향상할 가능성을 찾고자 한다. 그뿐만 아니라 기본적인 코딩 학습을 이해함으로써 사용자 의 창작 활동에 기회를 확장할 뿐만 아니라 메타버스 콘텐츠 개발에 이바지하고자 한다.

This research introduces an innovative approach for evaluating the degree of densification of carbon nanotube (CNT) sheets produced through direct spinning and subsequently treated with organic solvent (specifically ethanol). Analysis of the morphological features of the CNT sheets from the FE-SEM image affirms that the sheet’s structure becomes more densified following the treatment. Based on this, the treated CNT sheet was comprehensively evaluated using Raman spectroscopy. The results indicate a downward shift in the G′ band, signifying the densification of the CNT sheet’s structure due to the C–C bond weakening by the cohesive force. Following ethanol treatment, the CNT sheet exhibited enhanced electrical conductivity and tensile strength, measuring approximately 1.7 × 105 S m− 1 and 138.7 MPa, respectively, a remarkable improvement of roughly 300% compared to the untreated CNT sheet. This study underscores the efficacy of Raman spectroscopy as a powerful tool for assessing the densification of CNT sheets.