This study was conducted to investigate the biology of three species, Tipula latemarginata Alexander, T. nova Walker and T. aino Alexander, of the Genus Tipula in Korea. Field surveys for the biology of the species were carried out at the three sites of Neaseong Stream area in Bongwha County from January 2001 to December 2005. Also many individuals of the species were reared in laboratory to investigate the biology. The larval habitats of the species were streams, rivers, paddy fields, damp earth or leaky revetments. The Tipula larvae were herbivorous. Newly-hatched first instar larvae fed on soft algae, and the larvae gradually fed on leaves, stems and roots of a variety of plants or hard leaf litters, as they grew. During the molting of the larvae their body kept moving from left to right and up and down. Molting usually took not more than 2 hours, and about four hours after molting, the larvae started to eat heavily. The Tipula larvae in aquatic places moved to drier land for pupation and went through short prepupal stage lasting 1-2 days for pupation at fourth instar larval stage. When emerging, the Tipula pupae placed their head and thorax on the earth, but the other parts in the earth. Emergence from the pupal case required about 20 min. to one hour. Mating of Tipula adults took place within 5-7 min. after emergence and the duration of mating was about 40 min. The female adults of the species laid eggs by walking with 3 pairs of legs over the damp earth or algal beds. Their body was positioned vertically on the ground with their wings spread 120° and legs landed on the surface. The oviposition usually took place from one day to 4 days after emergence and the number of eggs carried by female adults were an average of 501-760 per individual. Tipula adults didn"t normally feed, and drank water only occasionally. For a few days after emergence, the adults reared in the laboratory rarely drank water. As they neared to death, however, they frequently drank water. The longevity of adults reared in the laboratory with only water during the summer was ca. 4-9 days and males usually survived a little longer than females. The longevity of T. nova was increased 3 times or more as much by feeding them 3% sugar water. Male adults of T. latemarginata outnumbered female adults by 2.6 : 1 in the fields.

우리나라에 서식하는 파충류상과 분포 현황을 파악하기 위해 제2차 전국자연환경조사, 국립공원자연자원조사, 개인 조사결과 등이 분석되었다. 그 결과 우리나라에 서식하는 파충류는 총 2목 7과 21종으로 확인되었다(장수거북, 바다거북, 붉은바다거북, 바다뱀, 얼룩바다뱀, 먹대가리바다뱀 등 해양 파충류 제외). 또한 분류학적으로 많은 논쟁이 있는 도마뱀류, 장지뱀류, 뱀류에 대한 분류학적 고찰이 시도되었다. 그러나 추가적으로 해양파충류에 대한 연구가 필요할 것

Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the susceptibility of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica to Korean entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema carpocapsae GSN1 strain (ScG), S. glaseri Dongrae strain (SgD), Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Hamyang strain (HbH), and Heterorhabditis sp. Gyeongsan strain (HeG) at the petri dish assay. The larval mortality of H. postica was significantly different depending on nematode species and treatment concentration. SgD and HeG strain were more effective against H. postica larva than ScG and HbH strain. When SgD and HeG strain were treated with the rate of ＞20 infective juveniles (ijs) per alfalfa weevil larva, mortality was ca. 77.5-100% at the late instars of H. postica in 3 days. The number of established nematode was significantly different depending on nematode species, whereas number of progeny was not significantly different. The mean number of established ijs of SgD strain in a host was the highest at 80 ijs by 30.2. The highest progeny number of HeG strain was 2,671.5 with 80 ijs. All nematode strains were not parasitic entirely to H. postica adults. These results show that alfalfa weevil late larva is highly susceptible to Korean entomopathogenic nematodes in the laboratory.

This study was done for the determination of ginsenosides contents of Korean ginseng and ginseng products as well as the development of analytical method for ginsenosides. It is known that perfect segregation of ginsenoside Rg and Re is not easy, but in this study almost perfect segregation can be possible by the control of concentration between acetonitrile and water. Among Korean ginseng, ginseng powdered tea and red ginseng powdered tea, the highest ginsenosides content of sum of each 7 kind o ginsenoside was found in red ginseng powdered tae as 23,211μg per 1g/dw The ginsenoside content of ginseng powdered tea was lower than red ginseng powdered tea as 15,217μg per 1g/dw Total ginsenoside content in the root of ginseng was 29,268μg per 1/dw Each amount of ginsenoside contained in ginseng root was in the order of Rb1, Rg1, and Rc. It was shown that there was difference in constitutional element of ginsenosides in ginseng powdered tea and ginseng root.

In the present study, we reports four species of Noctuidae are reported for the first time from Korea: Hadennia obliqua (Wileman), Zanclognatha lui Han and Park, Premusia intrahens Walker, and Cucullia hostilis Broursin. The adults and genital characteristics of the species are briefly redescribed with illustrations and their biological and distributional notes are given as necessary.

본 연구는 한국산 장지뱀속(Takydromus)의 분류학적 문제점을 재고찰하고, 한국산 아무르장지뱀 (T. amurensis)과 줄장지뱀 (T. wolteri)의 검색형질을 정립하기 위하여 수행되었다. 연구를 위해 총 114개체의 장지뱀속(Takydromus) 표본을 2003년 4월부터 2004년 10월까지 전국 각지에서 채집한 후 형태적 형질을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 관악장지뱀 (T. kwangakunesis)과 장지뱀 (T. auroralis)은 아

Mushroom, called higher fungus, generally means macrofungus with a distinctive fruiting body which can be either hypogeous or epigeous, large enough to be seen with the naked eye and to be picked by hand. And mushrooms belong to the group of organisms called fungi, because of having no chlorophyll, to manufacture their own food in the present of sunlight. The mushrooms have with very various shapes and colored, and with a different habitats, and also a complex life cycle having both teleomorphs, forming carphophores with hymenium producing spores, and anamorphs, mycelial growth continuaslly without sexual stage. They are found worldly from the arctic, temperate, to tropical zone. and one of the most interesting organisms. The taxonomic system is hierarchical with Kingdom as the highes rank. The kingdom of fungi has two Divisions : the Eumycota, or true fungi, and the Myxomycota, The Eumycota is composed of fiive Subdivisions, two of which contain mushrooms: Basidiomycotina and the Ascomycotina. The Basiciomycotina which is divided into tree classes Heterobasidiomycetes, Homobasidiomycetes, and Teliomyctes. Teliomycetes contains the fungi responsible for the important plant disease. There are two subclasses Hymenomycetidae and Gasteromycetidae in Homobasidiomyctes. The Basidiomycotina are a total of 22,244 species, 1,428 genera, 165 families, 41 orders and 3 divisions, worldly. In Korea, a total of 1302 species, 362 genera belonging to Basidiomycota and 190species, 83genera in Ascomycota have been recorded.

밤나방과에 속하는 Eupsilia boursini Sugi, Valeria tricristata Draudt, Othosia satoi Sugi 등 3종이 한국에서 처음으로 보고된다. 새로이 밝혀진 미기록 3종에 대해 성충의 외부형태적 특징과 암수생식기를 간략한 기술과 함께 도해하였다.

한국산 애아이노각다귀(Tipula latemarginata Alexander)의 생활사를 조사하기 위하여 2001년 1월부터 2002년 12월까지 봉화군 내성천 유역의 2개 지점에서 야외 실험을 실시하였고, 같은 기간 실험실에서 사육 실험도 병행하였다. 애아이노각다귀는 실험실에서 실온으로 사육하면, 1년에 3세대를 경과하는 것으로 나타났다. 2001년 9월에 산란된 알을 실험실에서 부화시켜 다음 해 3월까지 실온에서 사육했을 때, 이 종의 생활사 전 과정은 다음과 같았다. 알은 산란된 후 보통 일에 부화되었으며, 부화한 유충은 3령기까지는 왕성하게 섭식하며 빠르게 자랐고, 1령 유충 기간은 일, 2령기 일, 3령기 일 정도였으나, 4령기는 6주에서 5개월이 소요되었다. 4령 유충 기간은 월동으로 인해 봄과 여름에 사육할 때 보다 그 기간이 훨씬 길게 나타났다. 용 기간은 일 정도였다. 애아이노각다귀는 야생 상태에서도 서식 환경이 좋은 곳에서는 1년에 3세대를 경과하는 것으로 나타났다.

약용식물내 에스트로겐성과 항-에스트로겐성을 조사하고 항암인자를 발견하기 위하여, 본연구는 에탄올추출로 제조된 9종류의 한국산 약용식물에 대하여 재조합효모와 MCF-7 사람유방암세포주를 이용하여 스크리닝하고 비교하였다. 재조합효모를 이용한 실험결과, 7종류의 약용식물에서 에스트로겐성이 나타났고, 4종류에서 안드로겐성이 나타났다. 또한 MCF-7 사람유방암세포주를 이용한 실험결과, 8종류의 추출물이 MCF-7 세포의 성장을 억제하는 것으로 확인되었으며 비스페놀 A와 동시 처치한 경우에도 유의적으로 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 Clyeyrrhiza uralensis, Cassia tora, Syringa velutina, Zingiber officinale, Malva verticillata, Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer는 식물성 에스트로겐으로서 에스트로겐에 양성인 사람유방암세포의 증식을 유의적으로 억제시티는 흥미로운 결과가 제시되었다. 따라서 이번 연구는 한국산 약용식물이 식물성 에스트로겐과 항암인자로서 이용될 수 있으며, 에스트로겐의 활성을 조사하는데 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.