We investigated the chemical composition of the planetary host halo star HD47536 via high-resolution spectral observations recorded using a 1.5 meter Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) telescope (Chile). Furthermore, we determined the abundances of 38 chemical elements. Both light and heavy elements were overabundant compared to the iron group elements. The abundance pattern of HD47536 was similar to that of halo-type stars, with an enrichment of heavy elements. We analyzed the relationships between the relative abundances of chemical elements and their second ionization potentials and condensation temperatures. We demonstrated that the interplay of charge-exchange reactions owing to the accretion of interstellar matter and the gas-dust separation mechanism can influence the initial abundances and can be used to qualitatively explain the abundance patterns in the atmosphere of HD47536.

Jeju Special Self-Governing Province has implemented a self-governing environmental impact assessment system (Jeju-EIAS) in recognition of its autonomy. In this study, the institutional features of Jeju-EIAS were examined by analyzing the development projects whose consultation under Jeju-EIAS were completed from 1994 to 2019. The consultation procedure of Jeju-EIAS, such as the actual operation of Review Committee for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), the consent of the provincial council, and the regular follow-up activities for the implementation of EIA consultations, has been implemented differently from those of other metropolitan cities and provinces. Under Jeju-EIAS, types of development projects subject to consultation on EIA also take into account local conditions, and include the construction of aquarium basin and building. In addition, provisions concerning the scale of development projects is strengthened above the Korean Environmental Impact Assessment Act (EIA Act).

Purpose: This study sought to investigate the critical features of Word of mouth (WOM) advertising and their impact on sport consumer behavior. Research design, data, and methodology: Target population of the study consisted of all sports consumer of the Federation of Special Patients and Organ Transplantation, Tehran (Iran), who had indirectly watched the World Organ Transplant Competition documentary at least once on others' advice. For this purpose, 360 sports consumers of the federation were purposefully selected and they were asked to complete the standard WOM advertising questionnaire of Asda and Ko. Pearson correlation coefficient test and modeling of structural equations were performed using Spss24 and Smart PLS software at an error level of 0.05 used to analyze the data. Results: The findings show that there is a significant relationship between experience and expertise, trust and validity, content richness, and the power of message transmission through WOM advertising and its predictability. Finally, interpersonal relationships and work involvement also had a moderating role in this regard. Conclusions: The general conclusion is that the components of WOM advertising as well as involvement and homophily with the mediating role directly as one of the presuppositions for persuasion. The sports consumer was promoting WOM.

In this paper, an Embedded solution for fast navigation and precise positioning of mobile robots by floor features is introduced. Most of navigation systems tend to require high-performance computing unit and high quality sensor data. They can produce high accuracy navigation systems but have limited application due to their high cost. The introduced navigation system is designed to be a low cost solution for a wide range of applications such as toys, mobile service robots and education. The key design idea of the system is a simple localization approach using line features of the floor and delayed localization strategy using topological map. It differs from typical navigation approaches which usually use Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) technique with high latency localization. This navigation system is implemented on single board Raspberry Pi B+ computer which has 1.4 GHz processor and Redone mobile robot which has maximum speed of 1.1 m/s.

Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) accounts for 1-5% of all primary brain tumors. Early and accurate diagnosis of PCNSL is crucial for proper management and is more likely if a tumor is observed on imaging. We present the PCNSL case of 77-year-old man who developed abrupt neuropsychiatric features from 5 days ago. This case suggests that clinicians should be alert on the possibility of PCNSL and apply prompt MRI evaluation, when elderly patient with chronic heavy alcohol drinking history present abrupt complex neuropsychiatric symptoms in outpatient clinic.

A primary infection with Toxoplasma gondii is usually asymptomatic, but some patients may have cervical lymphadenopathy and ocular disease. Toxoplasmosis is a common cause of lymphadenopathy. However, histopathologic examination to diagnose it usually does not reveal toxoplasmic cysts. Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis can be established by serological techniques or by direct detection of the parasite. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize the characteristic histopathological findings of toxoplasmic lymphadenitis and to confirm by serological or PCR results for toxoplasmosis. We describe histopathologic features of a case of toxoplasmic lymphadenitis with review of the literature, confirmed by serological evidence in a 50-year-old man.

Being a torque free motion of the rotating Earth, Chandler wobble is the major component in the Earth’s polar motion with amplitude about 0.05-0.2 arcsec and period about 430-435 days. Free core nutation, also called nearly diurnal free wobble, exists due to the elliptical core-mantle boundary in the Earth and takes almost the whole part of un-modelled variation of the Earth’s pole in the celestial sphere beside precession and nutation. We hereby present a brief summary of their theories and report their recent features acquired from updated datasets (EOP C04 and ECMWF) by using Fourier transform, modelling, and wavelet analysis. Our new findings include (1) period-instability of free core nutation between 420 and 450 days as well as its large amplitude-variation, (2) re-determined Chandler period and its quality factor, (3) fast decrease in Chandler amplitude after 2010.

In this study, we typified the project for revitalizing the rural area through text analysis using news data, and analyzed the main direction and characteristics of the project. In order to examine the factors emphasized among the issues related to the revitalization of rural areas, we used news data related to 'tourism' and 'livelihood', which are the main keyword of the project to promote rural areas. In the analysis, text mining techniques were used. Topic modeling was conducted on LDA techniques for major projects in 'tourism' and 'livelihood' keyword. Based on this, this study typified the projects that are carried out for the activation of rural areas by topic. As a result of the analysis, it was fount that the topics included in the project were distributed in 11 sub-types(Tourism Promotion, Regional Specialization, Local Festival, Development of Regional Scale, Urban and Rural Exchange, Agricultural Support, Community Forest Management, Improve the Settlement Environment, General Welfare Service, Low Class Support, Others). The characteristics of the rural revitalization projects were examined, and it was confirmed that domestic projects were carried out by tourism-oriented projects. To summarize, the government is making projects to revitalize rural areas through related ministries. Within the structure where the project is spreading to the region, a lot of projects are being carried out. It is understood that the tourism and welfare oriented projects are being carried out in the revitalization project of the domestic rural area. Therefore, in order to achieve the goal of rural revitalization, it is believed that it will be effective to carry out a balanced project to improve the settlement environment of the residents.

Suaeda japonica is a halophytic plant that lives in mudflat at intertidal zone of western and southern coastal areas of Korea. The seawater-living plants showed a purple color during their whole life. In contrast, freshwater-living plants displayed a green color in leaves. When seawater-living plants were transferred to potting soil, the purple color was gradually changed to green in the leaves. The extracted purple pigment compound exhibited typical characteristics of betacyanin that were represented by water solubility, pH- and temperature-dependent color changes, sensitivity to light, UV-Vis spectra, and gel electrophoretic migration pattern. The LC-MS analysis of the extracted pigment compound showed the presence of two major protonated molecular ions ([M+H]+) at m/z 651.1 and m/z 827.1. Antioxidant activity of the pigment compound was determined using stable free radical DPPH assay. It was found to have an antioxidant activity that is linearly increased in proportion to the reaction time for up to 30 min, and the activity was comparable to that of control BHA at 9.0 ㎎/㎖. The anticancer activity against several tumor cell lines was also examined following the MTT assay. The significant growth inhibitory effect was observed on two tumor cell lines, SW-156 (human kidney carcinoma) and HEC-1B (human endometrial adenocarcinoma). Probably, the pigment compound may function as an osmolyte to uphold halotolerant physiological processes in saline environment.

In order to address housing issues, alleviate the concentration of urban populations, and resolve other issues regarding residential spaces, large residential complexes have been developed in Korea since the 1970s. The changes to the residential culture due to such development projects propagated rapidly, making the apartment complexes the most representative form of housing in Korea. In developing such large-scale complexes, plans for public open spaces, which play an important role in formulating the quality of residential environment, have been mostly the same, only utilizing the spaces remaining after planning other types of spaces. The current study looks at the case of Tama New Town development project, a Japanese new town development project that has a similar public open space system in large scale residential complex development projects in Korea. In doing so, the current study aims to identify the features of public open space plans. In the conclusion, the study first finds that various public open spaces must be reviewed and introduced in term of predicting social demands. Second, the study suggests the policy-makers should actively introduce pedestrian paths as a public open space. Third, the study deduces the planning implications of applying the principle of original landscape preservation.

Hartmann’s procedure is most often used if immediate anastomosis is not feasible and considered very high risk of anastomotic leakage. The reversal of Hartmann operation has a significant benefit in patient's quality of life, but there are disadvantages because it is procedure of a high degree of complexity. For reversal of Hartmann operation to be truly beneficial, morbidity rate should be reasonable. The aim of this study is therefore to review clinical outcomes of the conversion of Hartmann procedure and define the complication rate of reversal of Hartmann operation in a contemporary practice. Patients undergoing an elective reversal of Hartmann’s procedure at Chosun University Hospital between January 2011 and December 2016 were included in our analysis, and the medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Total 70 patients underwent Hartmann reversal during this period. There were 33 men (47.1%) and the mean age was 67.7±14.5. The most frequent indications for Hartmann’s procedure were complicated diverticulitis in 37 patients (52.9%). Major morbidity rate was 14.3 % (10 patients), anastomotic leakage rate of 4.3% and mortality rate was 2.9% (2 patients). The most common complication was wound infection (25.7%). Univariate analysis demonstrated that there were no statistically significant variables. This study demonstrates that patients who underwent reversal of their Hartmann’s operation did not have increased postoperative morbidity based on advanced age, higher ASA score, presence of multiple comorbidities, type of operation, and longer operation time.

본 연구는 우리나라 근대 관광문화상품에 나타난 특징을 통해 현재 우리나라의 획일적이며 창의성이 부족한 관광문화상품의 질적 향상을 도모하기 위한 필요성에서 시작되었다. 관광산업은 한 가지만 갖춰진다고 활성화 되는 것이 아니라 분야별로 짜임새 있게 일정 수준에 도달해야 가능하다. 관광을 활성화 시키는 주요한 관광인프라 요소는 교통, 숙박, 먹거리, 볼거리, 즐길거리에 추가로 관광문화상품 같은 살거리가 빠질 수 없다. 이런 이유로 관광산업 활성화 측면에서 지난 일제강점기에 제작된 관광문화상품 속에 담긴 디자인적 특징을 도출해 관광문화상품 발전에 기여코자 한다. 연구방법은 디자인적 특징을 도출 할 수 있는 객관적 분석틀 모형을 만들고 이에 대입하여 특징을 찾아내고자 하였다. 연구범위는 우리나라의 근대디자인 자료를 가장 많이 소장하고 있는 근현대디자인박물관의 소장품 중 1920-30년대에 생산된 관광문화상품 중에서 그룹을 지울 수 있는 문화상품군(文化商品群)을 연구 대상으로 삼았다. 이에 연구내용 및 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 인쇄 및 후 가공의 마무리 수준이 매우 높다. 둘째, 한국적 전통소재와 지역적 특징을 잘 살려 타 지역과 차별화 하였다. 셋째, 신선한 아이디어를 돋보이는 자연친화적인 상품이 많다. 넷째, 장정이나 패키지디자인에 신경을 많이 썼으며 사용설명문이 첨부돼 있다. 이상과 같은 연구 결과로 우리나라 관광문화상품디자인에 자극제가 되어 참신한 관광문화상품들이 생산되길 기대한다.

최근 스마트 컴퓨팅 기술(IEEE, 2016)의 급격한 발달에 따라 3차원 항해시스템에 대한 연구가 활발해지고 있으며, 이를 적용한 상 용 3차원 항해 시스템 및 3D VTS 시스템이 등장하고 있다. 비록 3차원 기술이 널리 알려지고 사용되고 있다 하더라도, 베일에 쌓인 숨겨진 코드에 대한 내용은 밝혀진 바가 없다. 본 연구의 목적은 S-52 전자해도 표현 표준을 만족할 수 있도록, 3차원 디스플레이 환경 하에서 전자 해도 객체를 표현하는 기초적인 접근 방법을 보이는 것이다. 향후에 스마트폰 및 패드와 같은 모바일 기기에서도 사용하고, 웹기반의 선박관 제시스템에도 사용할 수 있도록 OpenGL ES를 이용하여 3D ENC Viewer를 개발하였다. 특히 면객체 삼각화(area object triangulation), 텍스 처 매핑에 의한 복합선 표현, 폴리곤 패턴 채우기, 심볼 작도 등에 대해 자세히 설명한다. 삼각화된 공간정보를 포함하는 시스템전자해도 (System ENC)의 파일크기와 디스플레이 속도의 상관관계를 검토하여 성능을 검증하였다.

This study aimed to identify the respiratory viral etiology and clinical features in febrile neonates and young infants younger than 3 months of age. From June 2015 to March 2016, 126 patients who admitted to the pediatrics department of Kwangju Christian Hospital due to febrile illness (body temperature ≥ 38.0℃) without definite focus of fever. We tested nasopharyngeal aspiration specimens with real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Respiratory viruses identified in 66 patients, and not identified in 60 patients. Among identified viruses, the most common pathogen was rhinovirus. Respiratory virus identified patients showed significantly higher presence of sibling (p=0.015), sibling who attending day care center (p=0.022), respiratory symptoms of family members (p=0.022), concomitant respiratory symptoms of the patient (p=0.001).

오늘날 디자인경영은 학계나 산업에서 더 이상 생소한 용어가 아니며 그 중요성에 대하여 인식하고 있다. 현재, 인간경험디 자인 방법론, 서비스 방법론 등 경험을 중시하는 디자인 경향이 나타나면서 디자인 필드에서는 디자인경영은 조금은 시대를 지난 트랜드처럼 인식되어지고 있는 듯하다. 하지만 대기업들의 경향을 보면 사용자나 소비자들에게 보다 낫은 경험을 통한 만족을 제공하기 위하여 디자인을 통한 사용자경험, 브랜드경험, 서비스경험 등이 향상에 투자를 아끼지 않고 있다. 이는 디자인경영의 시대가 지났음을 의미하는 것이 아니라 20세기 제조업 중심으로 발전되었던 디자인경영이라는 분야가 서비스 업 중심으로 확장되고 있음을 말해주는 것이다. 이에 이 논문은 20세기와 21세기 현재에 걸쳐 디자인경영의 시대적 변천에 관하여 인과적 관계를 살펴봄으로써 디자인경영과 그 요소의 확장성과 축적성에 관하여 고찰해 보는데 그 목적이 있으며 제조업과 서비스업에 이르기까지 포괄적인 시각으로 디자인경영을 분석해 봄으로써 독자들의 디자인경영의 확장성과 축적 성에 대한 쉬운 이해와 개념을 정립하는데 그 목적이 있다. 결과적으로 본 연구를 통하여 디자인경영은 실행적, 전술적, 전략 적, 창조적, 사회 문화적의 다섯 가지의 활동으로 축적 및 확장되었고, 그 요소는 기능성, 유용성, 심미성, 사용성, 직관성, 혁신성, 정체성, 경험성, 창의성, 감성, 사회성, 문화성, 융합성의 열세가지의 요소들로 확장 및 축적 되었음을 알 수 있었다.

This study analyzes the correlation between Western Pacific (WP) teleconnection pattern index (WPI) in April during 1954-2008 and rainfall amounts in the same month. Based on the results, it is identified that there have been strong positive correlations between central China, Korea and the southwestern part of Japan in the East Asian region. Through differences between 10 positive WP years and 10 negative WP years selected from the April WPI excluding ENSO years, it is found that rainfall amounts increase in April of positive WP years due to the following characteristics. Increases in rainfall amounts are evident in the East Asian middle latitudinal region where the positive correlation between the two variables is the highest and this is because anomalous southwesterlies are strengthened in the East Asian middle latitudinal region due to the spatial pattern of a south-low-north-high anomalous pressure system centered on this region that is made by anomalous anticyclones centered on the southeastern side of the region and other anomalous anticyclones centered on the northeastern side of the region. In addition, anomalous westerlies (jet) are strengthen in the upper troposphere of the East Asian middle latitudinal region and as a result, anomalous upward flows are strengthened in this region and thus anomalous warm air temperatures are formed in the entire level of the troposphere in the region. In addition to atmospheric environments, anomalous warm sea surface temperatures are formed in the seas in the East Asian middle latitudinal region to help the rainfall amount increases in the East Asian middle latitudinal region.

Purpose – Following globalization, Kazakh companies are considered to be among the main economic agents of the country. The influence of Limited Liability Partnerships (LLPs) on Kazakhstan's economic development is becoming increasingly pronounced. Therefore, limitations and backwardness of legislation regarding regulation of corporate governance must be overcome at the earliest. Research design, data, and methodology – We considered the basis for legislation of corporate governance in Kazakhstan, and the corporate governance models that better describe the situation of being in the organization. Results – Earlier studies have identified several problems, including "transparency" of issuers and markets, and the consequent lack of (undeveloped) external control of managers of the former state-owned enterprises; lack of traditional corporate ethics and culture; and corruption, and other criminal aspects of the problem. This article describes several proposals to improve corporate governance in Kazakhstan to solve these problems. Conclusions – Domestic reformers acting without consideration of local features is a common occurrence today. They often ignore that these features are recommended for reputable international organizations, and therefore should be used carefully.

영동 지역에서는 해마다 대설로 인한 피해가 발생하고 있다. 최근 2014년 2월에는 총 누적 강설량이 192.8 cm의 기록적인 폭설이 내렸으며, 이로 인해 영동 지역에 크고 작은 재해 피해(약 171억 원) 및 인명 피해(사상자 6명)를 야기했다. 뿐만 아니라 2011년(약 230억 원)과 2013년도(약 75억 원)에도 유사한 대설현상이 발생하여 지역 주민들에게 사회·경제적 손실을 초래하였다. 이에 따라 영동 지역에 재해 피해를 유발하는 대설현상의 특징과 그 피해 규모 및 피해 종류를 분석하여 영동 지역에서 발생하는 재해 피해를 예방하는 기초 자료를 제공하고자 한다. 최근 20년(1993~2012)기간 동안에 영동 지역으로 집중적인 적설량 분포를 보이고, 재해 피해를 입힌 사례는 총 5건이며, 1996년 2월, 1998년 1월, 2005년 3월, 2008년 1월, 그리고 2011년 2월 사례 등이다. 이 사례들에 대해 영동해안지역에 해당하는 강원도, 경상남도, 경상북도, 부산광역시, 그리고 울산광역시의 재해 피해를 분석한 결과, 강원도와 경상북도 지역에서는 모든 사례에서 재해 피해를 입었으며, 재해 피해에 가장 취약한 지역임을 알 수 있다. 이렇게 재해 피해를 일으키는 각 사례의 종관 배경을 살펴보면, 공통적으로 시베리아 고기압의 확장과 남쪽 기압골 또는 저기압의 영향을 받았으며, 1996년, 1998년, 그리고 2005년 사례의 경우, 500 hPa 고도에서의 상층 기압골이 통과하면서 저기압에 동반된 경압불안정과 북쪽 한기이류의 영향으로 북동 계열의 바람이 강화되는 특징이, 2005년과 2011년 사례의 경우에는 부산 및 울진 앞바다 부근에 부저기압이 형성되어 있는 특징이 있었다.

This study was performed to investigate the effect of of transdermal testosterone gel (TTG) on controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) and IVF outcomes and ovarian morphology according to pretreatment duration in poor responders. A total of 120 women were recruited for this pilot study. They were randomized into control, 2 weeks, 3 weeks or 4 weeks TTG treatment groups. For three TTG treatment groups, 12.5 mg TTG was applied daily for 2 weeks, 3 weeks or 4 weeks in preceding period of study stimulation cycle. After 3 weeks of TTG pretreatment, significant increase of antral follicle count (AFC) and significant decreases of mean follicular diameter (MFD) and resistance index (RI) value of ovarian stromal artery were observed (p=0.026, p＜0.001, p＜0.01, respectively). The total dose of rhFSH administered for COS significantly decreased after 3 and 4 weeks TTG treatment both compared with control group (p＜0.001, p＜0.001). The numbers of oocytes retrieved and mature oocytes were significanty higher in 3 and 4 weeks TTG treatment groups than control group (p＜0.001, p＜0.001 in the number of oocytes retrieved; p＜0.001, p＜0.001 in the number of mature oocytes). The clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate were increased only in 4 weeks TTG treatment group compared with control group (p=0.030 and p=0.042, respectively). These data demonstrated that TTG pretreatment for 3 to 4 weeks increases AFC and ovarian stromal blood flow, thereby potentially improving the ovarian response to COS and IVF outcome in poor responders undergoing IVF/ICSI.