To analyze wedding feast dishes of royal prince (1651, 1696) of Choson Dynasty, studied Gare Dogam Euigwae. Historic book 'Gare Dogam Euigwae' discribed wedding feast dishes of king‘s Choson Dynasty. The results obtained from this study are as follows. Dishes were arranged in four kinds of table, the first one called the main table, the second the right side table, the third the left side table, the fourth the confronting side table. Dishes of main table were oil and honey pastry, and fruits (pine nuts, orange, dried persimmon, torreya nuts, dried chestnut, jujube). Dishes of the second table and the third table were oil and honey pastry, and small cake made of honey and rice with patterns pressed in it. Dishes of the fourth table were cooked vegetable (wild ginseng, platy-codon, radish, white gourd melon, ginger), dried slices of meat seasoned with spices (abalone, octopus, shark, pheasant), cooked meat (wild goose, fowl, egg, pheasant, abalone), and fried fish (roe deer, fish, duck, pigeon, sparrow). The main table (同牢大宴床) and the second table (右挾床) stand as a symbol for integrity. The third table (左挾床) symbolize longerity. The fourth table (面挾床) symbolize bearing many young and connubial felicity.

To analyze dialy meal of royal meal, studied Jook Soora Sang (Rice Gruel), Mieum Sang (Thin Gruel) and Bankwa Sang, Soora Sang in Hyun Neung Won were on record Wonheng Ulmyo Jungri Euigwae (1795). Historic book ‘Jungri Euigwae’ described the king's visit to his father's royal tomb‘ Hyun Neung Won’, during the domain of Cheung Jo, the 22nd king of Choson Dynasty. The results obtained from this study are as follows. Rice Gruel (Jook Soora Sang), taken before breakfast, was arranged the same as the Soora Sang. The table for thin gruel (Mieum) was arranged in three kinds of sets; one for thin gruel, the others for stewed meat (Goem) and sugared fruit (Jeong Kwa). The diet seems to have been quit scientific and restorative. Bankwa Sang and Soora Sang in Hyun Neung Won was arranged the same as the other Bankwa Sang and Soora Sang. Therefore setting the table of royal meal had a rule.

Four fatty acid vinyl esters were synthesized by transesterification between vinyl acetate and lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, respectively. Fatty acid vinyl ester oligomers were prepared from polymerization of four fatty acid vinyl esters in the presence of potassium persulfate in methanol. The α-sulfonation of these four fatty acid vinyl ester oligomer were carried by direct addition of sulfur trioxide. Especially, molecular weights of sodium α-sulfo fatty acid vinyl ester oligomers were measured by boiling point method.

This study was conducted to search the origin of Nong Jung Shin Pyun ( 農政新編 ), a book of agricultural manual. This book was edited by An Jong-Soo who translated the agricultural manual of Japan and China, both were writted in Japanese. This book might be used not only as text book for agricultural workshop but as reference book for peasants.

This paper attempts to study the court food based on the historic ceremony book, Jung Ri Eui Gwiea which describes the king's visit to the royal tomb, 'Hyun Neung Won', during the rein of Chung Jo, the 22th King of Yi Dynasty. According to this book, the foods used for the ceremony of the court and the courtesy of dinner party appears as follows. 1. At the birthday party of Bong-su Dang, the main table with 70 dishes and the side table of extraodinary flavor with 12 dishes were served to Mrs. Hong of Hea Kyung Kung, the mother of Chung Jo. As soon as they were served, the napkins, menu card, flowers and soups followed them, and a cup (Jack) of wine (with soup) was served to her seven times. This party was held by Sang Chim, Sang Kung, Sang Eui, Jun Chan, Chan Chang, Jun Eui, In Eui, Sa Chan and Jun Bin. 2. At the birthday party of Yun-hee Dang;the main table with 82 dishes and the side table of extraodinary flavor with 40 dishes were served to her. And the napkins and menu cards followed them and a cup(Jack) of wine was served to her four times. The courtesy of this party was held by Sang Chim, Sang Kung, Sang Eui, Jun Sun and Yeo Jeo Jip Sa. 3. At the party of Yak No Yun for the oldman, there were some soups (Doo Po Tang), cooked sliced meats (Penn Yeuk), steamed legumes (Heuk Tea Zeung), and some fruits on the main table. The napkins, menu cards and flowers followed them, and wine was served on the table for the king. The feast was held by Chan Eui, In Eui, and Tong Rea. 4. Foods used in these parties were classified into 9 groups such as Rice cakes, Rice and Noodles, Dessert Cakes, Sugars, Fruits, Side Dishes, Beverages, Sauces and Wine. 5. The units of height, amount, weight, and number measured for cooking were used variously. 6. The foods accumulated highly on the dishes were decorated with paper and silk flowers. 7. The containers for cooking and the utensils for the feast were used variously.

It is necessary to understand the amount of snowfall and area of snow cover of Mt. Halla to ensure the safety of mountaineers and to protect the ecosystem of Mt. Halla against climate change. However, there are not enough related studies and observation posts for monitoring snow load. Therefore, to supplement the insufficient data, this study proposes an analysis of snow load and snow cover using normalized-difference snow index. Using the images obtained from the Sentinel2 satellite, the normalized-difference snow index image of Mt. Halla could be acquired. This was examined together with the meteorological data obtained from the existing observatory to analyze the change in snow cover for the years 2020 and 2021. The normalized-difference snow index images showed a smaller snow pixel number in 2021 than that in 2020. This study concluded that 2021 may have been warmer than 2020. In the future, it will be necessary to continuously monitor the amount of snow and the snow-covered area of Mt. Halla using the normalized-difference snow index image analysis method.

영남육괴는 광역적인 고온-저압의 변성작용과 부분용융을 경험한 한반도 지각을 대표하는 기반암 중 하나이다. 이 논문에서는 지금까지 보고된 영남육괴 고온 변성암류에 기록된 백립암상의 변성작용과 부분용융 과정 을 통해 고원생대(1.87-1.84Ga)의 고온조산운동 기록을 살펴본다. 특히 열원으로서의 역할을 담당했던, 산청-하동지역 회장암질 마그마를 비롯한 고철질 화성활동과 고온-저압 변성작용 사이의 시공간적 연계는 영남육괴의 광역변 성작용과 지각용융을 이해하는데 필수적인 정보를 제공한다. 지각용융은 주로 함(含)유체 부분용융과 백운모/흑운모의 탈수용융에 의해 발생하였으며, 다양한 형태의 우백대와 우백질 화강암을 형성하였다. 이차이온질량분석기를 활 용한 저어콘과 모나자이트의 암석연대학적 결과는 영남육괴의 고온변성작용과 부분용융이 약 1870-1854Ma의 ~15Ma 기간 동안 지속되었음을 지시한다. 또한, 초기 차노카이트로 대표되는 유체유입 사건이 약 1840Ma에 발생하였다. 이와 같이 영남육괴 내에는 고온변성작용과 부분융용, 그리고 유체유입이라는 고온조산대를 대표하는 일련의 지질사건들이 기록되어 있다. 영남육괴에서 확인된 고온조산대는 북중국 지괴에서 흔히 보고되는 고원 생대 조산운동과 연계되어 있으며, 고원생대 콜럼비아/누나 초대륙 진화의 최후기 산물이리라 판단된다.

경기육괴 북부 화천군과 철원군 경계부의 광덕산 일대에 분포하는 쥐라기 화강암은 복운모화강암, 함석류석복운모화강암, 운모화강암, 반상흑운모화강암으로 이루어져 있다. 이 암석들은 서브알칼리 계열 중 칼 크-알칼리 계열에 해당하며, Al 포화지수를 이용한 A/CKN vs. A/KN 다이어그램에서 고알루미나질 영역에 도시된다. 암석기재학적·지화학적 자료는 연구지역에서 가장 후기에 관입한 것으로 알려진 반상흑운모화강암은 복운모화강암, 함석류석복운모화강암 및 운모화강암과는 별개의 모그마로부터 기원하였음을 지시한다. 이들 화강암질암을 형성한 마그마의 근원암의 성질을 알아보기 위해 Rb/Sr vs. Rb/Ba 다이아그램과 Al2O3/TiO2 vs. CaO/Na2O 다이어그램에 도시한 결과, 반상흑운모화강암은 복운모화강암, 함석류석복운모화강암, 운모화강암 보다 이질 성분을 덜 함유하는 근원암으로부터 유래하였음을 알 수 있다. 스파이더 다이어그램에서 친석 원소인 Cs, Rb, Ba의 값이 부화되어 나타나고, 고장력 원소인 Nb, P, Ti의 값이 결핍된 값의 지화학적 특성 을 보이는 것으로 보아, 광덕산 일대에 분포하는 쥐라기 고알루미나질 화강암질암은 섭입대 환경에서 형성되 었으며, 전암 저어콘 포화지온계로부터 692-795oC 온도 조건에서 용융되었음을 알 수 있다.

본 연구에서는 고 흡수성 폴리머의 입자형태와 혼입율에 따른 모르타르의 강도 특성을 조사하였다. 고 흡수성 폴리머의 수분 흡수·방출에 의한 내부양생 효과 검증을 위해 수중양생과 기중양생을 실시하여 강도 특성을 비교하였다. 실험결과에 따르면, 수중양생의 경우 입자형태와 혼입율에 따라 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 그러나 기중양생의 경우 입자크기가 큰 고 흡수성 폴리머가 내부양생 효과로 인해 더 높은 강도 값을 나타내었다. 모르타르의 공극구조 분석을 통해 강도와의 상관관계에 대한 추가적인 분석이 필요하다.

본 연구에서는 고 흡수성 폴리머를 혼입한 콘크리트의 기초 물성을 평가하였다. 또한 콘크리트 내부의 SAP의 내부양생 효과를 확인하기 위해 표준양생과 봉함양생을 실시하였다. 실험결과, SAP의 혼입률이 증가함에 따라 슬럼프 감소율이 증가하였으며, 표면전기저항도 증가하였다. 재령 7일과 28일의 압축강도 측정결과, 표준양생을 실시한 경우 압축강도의 증감이 SAP의 종류와 혼입률에 관계없는 것으로 나타났으며, 봉함양생을 실시한 경우 SAP 혼입률에 따라 강도가 증가하였다.

In this study, they were evaluated that the fundamental properties of mortar using a superabsorbent polymer. From the results, the flow value tends to decrease as the SAP content increases, and the compressive strength shows no particular tendency. This is due to the difference in SAP absorption rate. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately measure the absorption rate depending on the type of SAP, and it is considered that addition of water should be depending on the absorption rate.

Elevated linear parks have the potential to support the ecological stability, city amenity, cultural opportunity, and health benefits of urban dwellers; these are increasingly becoming an integral part of the urban infrastructure. Due to structural limitations in space, linear parks need to be planned to increase the value of green space. This study was aimed at advancing urban planning techniques for increasing the value of elevated linear parks, by comparing the Seoullo7017 with the Promenade plantée and the Highline. Planning characteristics of these green spaces were analyzed from the perspectives of physical planning factors, amenity values for users, and management systems. Field surveys and virtual tools were used to investigate the current characteristics of these parks, in addition to the literature survey. From the analysis of planning factors, amenity values, and management in the three linear parks, following important recommendations were made in order to promote the values of these parks: (a) diversify planting design for increasing the diversity of green space in a narrow area; (b) bring in various forms of amenities to promote the quality of users' experience; and (c) establish community-based management systems for enhancing regional competitiveness and profit sharing in urban regeneration projects.

본 연구는 하상재료의 종류와 유속에 따른 세굴변화에 대한 연구를 진행하였고, 유속, 구성방법 및 재료와 세굴에 대한 상관관계를 정의하여 호안 및 제방의 운용성을 검토하고자 실험을 통한 연구를 진행하였다. 본 연구의 실험에 사용된 재료는 제방에 사용되고 있는 재료로 모래, 황토를 이용 하였다. 실험실규모 고속수로에서 다양한 계측장비들을 이용하여 유속의 변화에 따른 재료의 세굴을 측정하였다. 이를 통해 세굴 전·후의 재료변 화를 수치적으로 분석하였다. 고유속흐름에서 하상재료에 따라 세굴의 정도를 비교·평가하여 안정성에 대한 연구도 진행하였다. 실험 결과 모래의 경우 응집력이 매우 약하여 1.0 m/s 이하에서도 40% 이상의 재료가 유실이 되고 황토의 경우 모래보다 유속이 빠른 2 m/s 이상에서도 6% 이하 의 재료가 유실이 되었다. 재료가 유실된 이유중 하나는 강한 응집력으로 건조균열이 발생하여 세굴에 취약한 결과를 보였다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 건조균열의 발생부터 재료가 유실되는 현상을 제거하는 방법부터 재료에 대한 구성과 유실정도를 평가 하였다.

Background : Dry eyes are caused by highly increased osmolarity of tear film, inflammation, and apoptosis of the ocular surface. Polygonum cuspidatum is a herbaceous perennial plant of the genus Polygonum found in Asia and North America. However, the effects of P. cuspidatum aqueous extract (PCE) on hyperosmolarity-induced inflammation and apoptosis in human corneal epithelial cells have not been examined. Methods and Results : Hyperosmotic media induced human corneal epithelial cell (HCEC) cytotoxicity though increased inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. PCE treatment significantly inhibited expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α), and activation of NF-κB p65 in hyperosmolar stress-induced HCECs. In addition, Hyperosmolarity-induced increase in BAX expression and activation of cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and caspase 3 were attenuated in a concentration-dependent manner by PCE. PCE treatment restored anti-oxidative proteins such as Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), Superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1), and Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in hyperosmolar stress-induced HCECs. Conclusion : PCE protected against hyperosmolar stress-induced inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidation by inhibiting expression of COX-2, BAX, MMP9; activation of NF-κB, caspase 3, and PARP; and increasing expression of MUC4 and anti-oxidative proteins. Overall, our data provide insight into the protective effects of PCE as a candidate for eye health.