Intertidal mud crab (Macrophthalmus japonicus) is an organism with a hard chitinous exoskeleton and has function for an osmotic control in response to the salinity gradient of seawater. Crustacean exoskeletons change in their natural state in response to environmental factors, such as changes in the pH and water temperature, and the presence of pollutant substances and pathogen infection. In this study, the ecotoxicological effects of irgarol exposure and heavy metal distribution were presented by analyzing the surface roughness of the crab exoskeleton. The exoskeleton surface roughness and variation reduced in M. japonicus exposed to irgarol. In addition, it was confirmed that the surface roughness and variation were changed in the field M. japonicus crab according to the distribution of toxic heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Hg) in marine sediments. This change in the surface roughness of the exoskeleton represents a new end-point of the biological response of the crab according to external environmental stressors. This suggests that it may affect the functional aspects of exoskeleton protection, support, and transport. This approach can be utilized as a useful method for monitoring the aquatic environment as an integrated technology of mechanical engineering and biology.

목적 : 본 연구는 아동의 운동기능과 운동협응의 능력을 측정하고 운동장애의 진단을 위해 사용하고 있는 Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2(Movement ABC-2)를 국내 아동에게 적용하기 위 해 타당도와 신뢰도를 알아보고자 한 것이다. 연구방법 : 연구에 참여한 대상자는 선정기준을 만족한 총 87명을 대상으로 하였다. 타당도와 신뢰도 검증에 앞서 국외에서 개발된 Movement ABC-2의 평가지와 매뉴얼 번역을 실시하였다. 타당도는 내용타 당도와 동시타당도, 판별타당도 검증을 실시하였다. 신뢰도는 내적일치도, 검사-재검사 신뢰도 검증을 실시하였다. 결과 : 내용타당도는 평균 I-CVI가 .93으로 나타났으며, 동시타당도는 BOT-2 short form과 백분위의 상관관계를 비교한 결과 .795으로 양의 상관관계를 확인할 수 있었다. BOT-2와의 영역 간 상관관계는 조준 및 잡기(aiming & catching), 균형(balance) 영역에서 비슷한 과제가 포함된 영역 간에 유의한 양의 상관관계가 나타났다. 판별타당도는 성별, 연령별 차이를 비교한 결과, 성별에서는 모든 항목이 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았으며, 연령별 차이에서는 ‘매트위에서 점프하기’를 제외하고 유의한 차이를 확인 할 수 있었다. 내적일치도는 Cronbach’s α 값이 .577의 수준을 보였으며, 검사-재검사 신뢰도는 .766 의 수준이었다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통해 Movement ABC-2가 국내아동에게 사용하기에 타당한 검사도구임을 검증하였으 며, 국내 치료사 및 임상가가 사용하기에 신뢰할 수 있는 도구임을 검증하였다. 이는 추후 Movement ABC-2의 다양한 활용을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

In weapon assignment studies to defend against threats such as ballistic missiles and long range artillery, threat assessment was partially lacking in analysis of various threat attributes, and considering the threat characteristics of warheads, which are difficult to judge in the early flight stages, it is very important to apply more reliable optimal solutions than approximate solution using LP model, Meta heuristics Genetic Algorithm, Tabu search and Particle swarm optimization etc. Our studies suggest Generic Rule based threat evaluation and weapon assignment algorithm in the basis of various attributes of threats. First job of studies analyzes information on Various attributes such as the type of target, Flight trajectory and flight time, range and intercept altitude of the intercept system, etc. Second job of studies propose Rule based threat evaluation and weapon assignment algorithm were applied to obtain a more reliable solution by reflection the importance of the interception system. It analyzes ballistic missiles and long-range artillery was assigned to multiple intercept system by real time threat assessment reflecting various threat information. The results of this study are provided reliable solution for Weapon Assignment problem as well as considered to be applicable to establishing a missile and long range artillery defense system.

In this study, dual drainage system based runoff model was established for W-drainage area in G-si, and considering the various rainfall characteristics determined using Huff and Mononobe methods, the degree of flooding in the target area was analyzed and the risk was compared and analyzed through the risk matrix method. As a result, the Monobe method compared to the Huff method was analyzed to be suitable analysis for flooding of recent heavy rain, and the validity of the dynamic risk assessment considering the weight of the occurrence probability as the return period was verified through the risk matrix-based analysis. However, since the definition and estimating criteria of the flood risk matrix proposed in this study are based on the return period for extreme rainfall and the depth of flooding according to the results of applying the dual drainage model, there is a limitation in that it is difficult to consider the main factors which are direct impact on inland flooding such as city maintenance and life protection functions. In the future, if various factors affecting inland flood damage are reflected in addition to the amount of flood damage, the flood risk matrix concept proposed in this study can be used as basic information for preparation and prevention of inland flooding, as well as it is judged that it can be considered as a major evaluation item in the selection of the priority management area for sewage maintenance for countermeasures against inland flooding.

In this study, dual drainage system based runoff model was established for W-drainage area in G-si, and considering the various rainfall characteristics determined using Huff and Mononobe methods, the degree of flooding in the target area was analyzed and the risk was compared and analyzed through the risk matrix method. As a result, the Monobe method compared to the Huff method was analyzed to be suitable analysis for flooding of recent heavy rain, and the validity of the dynamic risk assessment considering the weight of the occurrence probability as the return period was verified through the risk matrix-based analysis. However, since the definition and estimating criteria of the flood risk matrix proposed in this study are based on the return period for extreme rainfall and the depth of flooding according to the results of applying the dual drainage model, there is a limitation in that it is difficult to consider the main factors which are direct impact on inland flooding such as city maintenance and life protection functions. In the future, if various factors affecting inland flood damage are reflected in addition to the amount of flood damage, the flood risk matrix concept proposed in this study can be used as basic information for preparation and prevention of inland flooding, as well as it is judged that it can be considered as a major evaluation item in the selection of the priority management area for sewage maintenance for countermeasures against inland flooding.

목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 발달장애 아동의 사회성 발달수준을 평가하기 위한 태블릿 기반의 사회성평가를 개발하고 개발된 각 항목의 예비타당도를 연구하고자 함이다. 연구 방법 : 문헌 고찰을 통해 발달장애 아동과 관련이 있는 사회성 요소들을 선별하고 평가의 구성 개념을 정립하였다. 내용 타당도를 정립하기 위하여 전문가 패널을 구성하여 델파이 조사를 시행하였다. 이후 사회성평가 애플리케이션의 디자인 설계, 개발, 및 사용성 평가 등의 과정을 거쳐 평가를 개발하였다. 개발된 평가의 타당도를 검증하기 위하여 공인 타당도와 판별 타당도를 알아보았다. 공인 타당도 검증을 위해 한국어판 사회적 의사소통 설문지(Korean version of Social Communication Questionnaire; K-SCQ) 및 사회성숙도 검사(Social Maturity Scale; SMS)와 개발된 사회성평가 점수 간의 상관관계 를 분석하였다. 판별 타당도를 알아보기 위하여 정상발달 아동 32명과 발달장애 아동 16명과의 사회성 평가 결과를 평균 비교 분석을 시행하였다. 결과 : 연구 결과 총 3개의 대분류 안에 8개의 세부 평가항목으로 구성되었다. 세부 평가항목으로는 지시따르기, 모방, 주의공유, 전상징기적 지식, 상징행동, 규칙이해, 감정지각, 조망수용이 있다. 각 항목에 대한 구성 및 과제 적절성을 델파이 조사결과 모든 항목이 CVR .8-1로 나타났다. 사회성평가의 모든 항목에서 정상발달아동과 발달장애아동의 수행결과가 통계적으로 유의미한 것으로 나타났다(-5.1, p = .000). 아울러 K-SCQ 및 SMS 점수와 개발한 사회성 평가 점수간의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다(-.69, .57, p < .01). 결론 : 본 연구에서는 태블릿 기반의 사회성 평가항목을 개발하였고, 각 평가항목과 구성이 타당한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 개발된 사회성평가를 통해 발달장애 아동의 사회성 발달수준을 평가할 수 있고, 향후 임상과 교육현장에서 널리 활용되기를 기대한다.

PURPOSES : In a previous study, an error was detected in data pertaining to the direction and velocity of a roller. Hence, in this study, the correlation between these two variables and acceleration data is analyzed. Relevant algorithms are developed by adding variables to existing algorithms. METHODS : A tachometer and GPS are used to acquire the velocity, compaction direction of rollers, and number of compactions. Subsequently, data input to an accelerometer are compared and analyzed. RESULTS : Based on FFT analysis, it is discovered that the data are inaccurate when a forward reverse is performed. Using the GPS, the velocity of the roller is differentiated based on the number of pledges, and then added as a variable to the algorithm. Subsequently, it is evaluated and analyzed only with data during forward movement based on changes in the latitude and longitude. CONCLUSIONS : It is discovered that the acceleration data values from both the left and right rollers differ owing to their weight difference, as indicated by the asphalt gradient. Data changes based on asphalt gradients are analyzed using gyro sensors. If the correlation between the two sets of data is high, then the algorithm is advanced by introducing a cross spectrum after calibrating the acceleration value based on the gradient.