Under the WTO system, global standardization of professionalism in architecture practice calls for transformation of curriculum in architectural education in Korea. This paper compares the curriculum standards of international accrediting authorities such as NAAB and RIBA based on UIA accord which defines fundamental knowledge and abilities of an architect. As a result this paper extracts 51 achievement oriented criteria of architectural education in Korea. It can be categorized as communication, design, cultural context(history and theory, human behavior and social aspects), technical systems(structural systems, environmental control systems, construction material and assemblies) and practice(project process, project economics and business management, laws and regulations). Based on this recommended Korean curriculum standards, current curriculum is analyzed focusing on the 5 architectural programs in Seoul. Through this analysis, it became clear that some area - social and economic aspects in architecture, sustainability in architecture, understanding and selection of construction material, assemblies and environmental control system, recycling of existing building, professional liability, professional rules of conduct, project economics and project management - need to be covered and emphasized to meet the international standards in professional education in architecture. The result in this paper will be used as a basic data in the process of finding the direction of restructuring curriculum for professional architectural education in Korea.

The majority of fishing vessels(under 20 tonnages) in Korea have a high casualty accident of the flood and capsizing occurred by lack of stability. Actually, it is so difficult to make out the data of inclining and stability tests of small fishing vessels after building, because most of them were built on experiences of manufacturer. According to above reasons, the aim of this study is an attempt to propose a stability criteria of small fishing vessels as follows: Firstly, it is examined that the stability is driven from a transverse metacenter height of actual ships, which is able to obtain a basic drawing and stability data. Secondly, it is examined the heeling at high-speed turning, and the period of rolling according to B/D(breadth/depth). Finally, it is suggested the stability criteria by using a dynamic state which is applied in passenger boat and fishing vessels over 24 meters.

A performance-based seismic design method for reinforced concrete building structures being developed in Japan is outlined. Technical and scientific background of the performance-based design philosophy as well as recently developed seismic design guidelines are is presented, in which maximum displacement response to design earthquake motion is used as the limit-state design criteria. A method of estimating dynamic response displacement of the structures based on static nonlinear analysis is described. A theoretical estimation of nonlinear dynamic response considering the characteristics of energy input to the system is described in detail, which may be used as the standard method in the new performance-based code. A desing philosophy not only satisfying the criteria but also evaluating seismic capacity of the structures is also introduced.

In this paper, the necessity of developing effective nondestructive testing and monitoring techniques for the evaluation of structural integrity and performance is described. The evaluation of structural integrity and performance is especially important when the structures and subject to abrupt external forces such as earthquake. A prompt and extensive inspection is required over a large area of earthquake-damaged zone. This evaluation process is regarded as a part of performance-based design. In the paper, nondestructive testing and monitoring techniques particularly for concrete structures are presented as methods for the evaluation of structural integrity and performance. The concept of performance-based design is first defined in the paper followed by the role of evaluation of structures in the context of overall performance=based design concept. Among possible techniques for the evaluation, nondestructive testing methods for concrete structures using radar and a concept of using fiber sensor for continuous monitoring of structures are presented.

액체저장탱크 구조물은 지진에 의해 붕괴되는 경우 구조물의 파손 및 저장물의 손실에 의한 직접피해보다 파급효과(유독물질이나 오염물질의 유출로 지속적인 재산피해 및 환경파괴를 초래함)가 더욱 심각하므로 이러한 직, 간접적 피해를 최소화하기 위한 내진설계기준의 제정이 시급한 과제이다. 본 논문에서는 원통형 액체저장탱크의 내진설계기준을 마련하기 위한 기초작업으로 뉴질랜드지침과 오스트리아지침의 해석방법을 고찰하고, 수치해석 예의 결과를 비교하여 두 지침의 적용타당성 및 문제점을 제시하였다.

본 연구는 부재의 응력, 절점의 횡변위 등 거동적 제약과 설계변수에 가해지는 부차적 제약을 받는 평면뼈대 구조물의 설계에 적용할 수 있는 최적규준을 제안하고자 하는 것이다. 변위 및 응력제약 모두에 1차 근사법을 적용하며 이는 전응력 설계방법과 다른 점이다. 비선형인 제약조건식을 푸는데 Newton-Raphson방법을 이용하고 최소치수 제약과 관련하여 설계공간을 축소하는 등 수학적으로 엄밀한 방법으로 재설계 알고리즘을 유도하였다. 적용 예를 통하여 이 방법이 정확한 방법임이 입증되었으며 전응력 설계가 최적설계가 되지 못하는 경우도 종종 발견되었다. 이 방법은 복잡한 계산과정 만큼 그 이용가치가 있으며 단순한 응력비 알고리즘을 이용하는 대부분의 최적규준 방법에 대치되어야 할 것이다. 특히, Computer의 지속적인 발전은 이 방법의 보편적인 이용을 가능하게 할 것이다.

본 논문에서는 현행 우리나라의 희귀 및 멸종위기식물의 평가에 관한 몇 가지 문제점을 살피고, 이러한 문제점의 제시와 함께, 최근 I. U. C. N. 의 S. S. C. 에서 시안을 작성 중인 희귀 및 멸종위기식물에 대한 새로운 분류안에 대한 내용을 소개하였다. 본 시안에 의하면 멸종종, 자생지 멸종종. 멸종위기종, 위기종, 취약종, 민감종, 안전/저위험종, 자료 불충분종 및 미평가종 등 모두 9개 분류군으로 구분되어 있다. 본 시안이 더욱 다듬어지고 공식화되기 위해서는 앞으로 얼마간의 기간이 소요되리라 판단되며, 이 같은 움직임을 염두에 두고, 앞으로 우리나라의 희귀 및 멸종위기식물에 대하여 보다 구체적인 평가기준의 작성에 대해 관심을 가져야 할 것으로 믿는다. 아울러 새로이 도입된 몇 가지 용어의 우리말 번역에 대해서도 앞으로 충분한 검토를 거친 후에 통일을 기하는 것이 필요하다고 판단된다.

The study of lake pollution problems is often related to the dynamic behavior of phosphorus. Several phosphorus models are available that may be suitable to study these problems. Depending on the the management objectives and data availability, some models may be more appropriate than others. Criteria are defined to help modelers choose the most appropriate total phosphorus models for different lakes. These criteria consider in-lake processes such as sediment feedback, stratification, and algal uptake and recycle.

Current Bridge foundation design is based on Working Stress Design(WSD), but Load Factor Based on Optimum Reliability(LFBOR) design method is more rational than the WSD. For this reason, this study proposes a reliability based design criteria for the bridge foundation, which is most common type of bridge foundation(Shallow, Pile and Caission), and also proposes the theoretical basis of nominal safety factors of stability analysis by introducing the reliability theory. The limit state equations of stability analysis of bridge foundation and the uncertainty measuring algorithms of each equation are also derived by Cornell's MFOSM(Mean First Order 2nd Moment Methods)using the stability analysis fourmula Highway Bridge Design Codes.

돼지난포란의 안정된 체외배양 체계를 위하여 도살장에서 재취된 난소로부터 난포 및 난자난구세포체의 혀태적인 선정기준을 설정하고 이의 이론적 배경을 확립하였다. 난소를 난포상태 및 분포나 황체 존재 여부에 따라 A,B 및 C 의 세 가지 형태로 분류하고 각 type의 난소에서 직경 3-5mm인 난포로부터 난포란을 회수하였다. 회수된 난포란을 난구세포 부착상태에 따라 Good, Fair 및 Poor 의 세 가지 형태로 분류하여 각각을 호르몬이 첨가된 M16+

The current load combination criteria for design of nuclear power plant structures(NPP) are not based on the probability • based design concept but rely on the conventional design concept. ln this paper. a load combination criteria for design of NPP containment structures are proposed based on a FEM - based random vibration analysis. More accurate reliability analyses under various dynamic loads such as earthquake loads were made possible by incorporating the FEM and random vibration theory‘ which is different from the conventional reliability analysis method. ln this paper‘ the load factors for the design of NPP structures in Korea are pro∞sed by considering appropriate load combination criteria for design

In this study, not only the increase in rainfall for a short period of time but also the increase in rainfall for a longer duration is frequently occurring according to climate change. Changes in rainfall patterns due to climate change are increasing damage to steep slopes. The Ministry of Public Administration and Security has been operating the criteria for evacuation of residents in steep slopes since 2015. However, the damage to steep slopes due to torrential rains in 2020 has been increasing. In this study, rainfall data from areas affected by steep slopes from 1999 to 2020 were collected and compared with the existing criteria(2015) for evacuation of residents at steep slopes of the Ministry of Public Administration and Security, and the status of the issuance of resident evacuation forecast was compared. Through this study, the rainfall criteria for each region were calculated and presented by reflecting the rainfall characteristics of the steep slope destruction area due to climate change, and it is believed that it can be used as a standard rainfall to reduce human casualties in the steep slope area in the future.

Electrical Conductivity (EC) or Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) has been often used to evaluate the water quality in some water education program for children and youth. This study attempted to find out whether EC (or TDS) can be used as a water pollution criteria in water education program. To clarify it, we used the water analysis data of July 2019 and January 2020 from Water Environment Information System. Data from 332 points in Han-river were used to investigate correlation between the parameters, such as BOD, COD, TN, TP vs EC. Correlation(r) for all data of BOD vs. EC was 0.347 for July 2019 and 0.483 for January 2020. No correlation was observed for BOD Ia and BOD Ib for July 2019 (r=-0.041, -0.030, respectively) and BOD Ia for January 2020 (r=0.041). Better correlation for all data of COD vs. EC was obtained (r=0.543 for July 2019 and r=0.610 for January 2020). However, no correlation was observed for COD Ia for January 2020. High vlaue of EC or TDS does not always mean water pollution, especially for clean water environment. Thus, EC (or TDS) alone can not be used as a water pollution criteria.

본 연구의 목적은 과학 교사가 중학교 과학 교과서에 제시된 물리 영역 탐구 활동 자료를 평가 하는 기준을 알아보는 것이다. 이를 위해 3가지 유형의 탐구 활동 주제를 선정하여 16명의 과학 교사가 5종의 교과서 탐구 활동 자료를 평가하였다. 수집된 답변은 줄 단위 분석으로 반복적으로 비교하여 코드화하였다. 그 결과, 과학 교사는 교과서 탐구 활동 자료를 평가할 때 다음과 같은 기준을 고려하는 것으로 분석되었다. 첫째, 과학 교과서 탐구 활동 자료의 내·외적 체제로서 내적 체제(탐구 목표, 탐구 준비물, 탐구 과정 및 탐구 내용, 정리하기)와 외적 체제(시각적 자료의 배치, 합리적인 지면 구성)를 고려하였다. 둘째, 학습자 요소, 학교 환경 요소, 교사 요소로 과학 교과서 탐구 활동 자료를 사용하는 사용자 환경을 고려하였다. 본 연구를 바탕으로 다양해지는 과학 교과서에 제시된 탐구 활동 자료를 평가하는 기준을 제시할 수 있다. 과학 교사가 과학 교과서에 제시 된 탐구 활동 자료를 평가하는 데 있어 고려한 개념과 범주들은 추후 각 학교 내 교과서 선정 과정에서 평가 기준으로 사용될 수 있을 것이다. 또한, 교과서 집필 과정에서 탐구 활동 내용을 구성할 때 고려될 수 있을 것이다.

This study focuses on identifying and prioritizing the broader performance measures for the service supply chains by taking the case of Majan Electricity Company, Sohar, in the Sultanate of Oman. For an examination of the uniformity of ultimate objectives and the priorities therein, two strata of respondents with a total of fourteen respondents were approached for their valuable insights. Suitable structured instruments were personally administered to elicit the insightful and worthy responses. The two multi-criteria decision-making techniques, namely, the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process and the Best-Worst Method were used to reach a meaningful prioritization of the identified and refined broader performance measurement dimensions. The results show that there exists a minor gap between the two respondents’ groups in terms of their prioritizations. The major finding points to the difference in terms of the topmost priorities as revealed by the two set of respondents. For one group of respondents, the customer satisfaction matters the most, whereas for the other group, it is the overall profitability that matters the most. This gap against the utopian state assists in concluding that there is a requirement to reorient the employees so as to have a shared and common understanding of the organizational priorities.