최근 몇 년 동안 한국 사회에서 인터넷을 둘러싼 규제와 관련하여 최대의 논쟁의제로 설정되어 있는 것이 소위‘포털(portal site)’규제의 필요성과 정당성의 문제이다. 이러한 포털규제와 관련된 사회적 논란은 소위‘포털의 사회적 영향력’과‘포털의 사회적 책임’에 관한 담론에서 출발하여, 현재의 상황에서는 법률, 법원의 판결 등 법제도적인 차원의 문제로 비화되고 있다. 이 글은 최근 몇 년 동안 한국에서 논쟁이 되고 있는 포털규제와 관련하여 몇 가지 문제제기를 함으로써, 포털규제담론이나 법제도화의 내용과 방향성에 대한 의문을 제기하는 것을 그 목적으로 하고 있다. 구체적으로 포털규제 관련 입법안, 포털의 법적 책임 범위에 관한 법원 판결들, 포털규제와 관련된 현행 법제도 중 인터넷 실명제를 분석대상으로 설정하고, 한국의 인터넷 규제시스템이 기본적으로‘봉건제형 인터넷 규제시스템’에 해당한다는점에서 출발하여, 최근 진행되고 있는 포털규제의 법제도화의 방향이나 내용이‘인터넷에 대한 몰이해를 바탕으로 한 봉건제형 규제시스템의 유지’에 터 잡고 있다는 점을 밝히고 있다.

Cordyceps militaris is well known as a traditional herbal ingredient, which has been used for patients suffering from cancer in oriental medicine. In this study we have investigated the biochemical mechanisms of anti-proliferative effects by C. militaris extract(CBE) in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. It was found that CBE treatment induced chromatin condensation, mitochondrial energization, annexin V staining and sub-G1 phase DNA content. These indicators of apoptosis correlate with the mitochondrial dependent pathway, which results in the activation of caspase-3 activity. Both the cytotoxic effect by CBE treatment were significantly inhibited by z-DEVD-fmk, a caspase-3 inhibitor, demonstrating the important role of caspase-3 in the observed cytotoxic effect. Co-treatment of CBE and LY294002, resulted in significantly induction of apoptosis. These results indicate that caspase-3 is a key regulator of apoptosis in response to CBE in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 through down regulation of Akt, and that the C. militaris extract may therefore have therapeutic potential against human breast cancer.

본 연구에서는 외래 유전자의 지속적인 발현에 의한 형질 전환 개체나 세포의 생리적인 부작용을 최소화하기 위하여 hTPO 유전자의 발현을 조절할 수 있는 tetracycline-inducible retrovirus vector system을 구축하고자 하였다. hTPO 유전자는 사람의 간암세포인 HepG2에서 분리한 RNA를 주형으로 하여 RT-PCR 방법을 이용하여 확보하였으며, 이 유전자를 MLV 유래의 vector에 도입하여 pLNChTPOW를 재조합하였다. 재조합한 vector는 GP2 293 포장세포에 도입하여 바이러스를 생산하였으며, 이 바이러스를 이용하여 감염시킨 여러 표적세포에서 hTPO의 발현을 확인하였다. 또한, hTPO의 발현을 유도적으로 조절할 수 있도록 하기 위하여 hTPO를 one vector 형태의 Tet-On vector system에 도입하였으며, 발현의 유도 조건에서 보다 강한 발현을 위하여 WPRE 서열을 여러 위치에 도입하였다. 구축한 Tet system의 발현 조절 정도는 각 바이러스를 감염시켜서 구축한 CEF와 PFF 세포에서 RT-PCR과 Western blot, 그리고 ELISA 방법을 이용하여 확인하였다. 그 결과, CEF에서는 WPRE 서열이 hTPO 유전자의 3'에 위치한 경우에서, PFF에서는 WPRE가 rtTA의 3'에 위치한 경우의 vector system에서 가장 높은 발현율과 유도율을 나타내었다. 이는 Tet system에서의 hTPO 유전자 발현 조절이 매우 효율적으로 이루어지며, 세포주에 따른 의존적인 조절 양상을 보이는 것을 의미한다. 따라서 hTPO의 대량 생산을 위한 생체 반응기로서의 형질 전환 동물의 개발을 보다 효율적으로 수행하려면 적절한 Tet system이 선별적으로 적용되어야 할 것이다.

이 논문은 법적인 관점에서 정보매개서비스제공자로서의 포털사이트가 특히 자신이 제공하는 뉴스서비스로 인하여 전통적인 의미에서의 언론에 해당하는지의 여부를 밝힘으로써, 포털을 전통적인 의미에서의 언론에 포섭시켜 규제하려는 차원에서 현재 국회에 제출되어 있는 신문법개정안이나 언론중재법개정안, 검색서비스사업자법안의 문제점을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구결과 포털사이트는 전통적인 의미에서의 ‘매체’에는 해당되겠지만, 전통적인 의미에서의 ‘언론’에 해당된다고는 할 수 없다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 즉 포털사이트가 비록 뉴스서비스, 엄밀한 의미에서는‘뉴스전달서비스’내지‘뉴스매개서비스’를 제공하고 있다고 하더라도, 전통적인 의미에서의 언론이라고 보기는 힘들다는 것이 이 연구의 결론이다. 물론 포털사이트, 특히 뉴스서비스로 인한 피해발생의 경우에 그 피해를 어떻게 효과적으로 신속하게 구제할 것인가의 문제는 중요하다. 하지만 이 문제는 본문에서 언급하였듯이, 포털의 언론성 여부의 문제와는 별개의 것이라는 점이 중요하다. 따라서 포털을 전통적인 의미에서의 언론에 포섭시켜 규제하려는 차원에서 현재 국회에 제출되어 있는 신문법개정안이나 언론중재법개정안, 검색서비스사업자법안들은 기본전제에서 잘못된 출발을 하고 있으며, 그 내용도 저작권법의 문제 내지 포털과 언론사간의 뉴스이용허락계약의 문제로 해결되어야 할 것들을 공법적 측면에서 규제하고 있다는 점에서, 그리고 정보매개자로서의 포털에 대해서 뉴스유통과 관련된 법적 책임을 너무 과도하게 부과하고 있다는 점에서 문제가 많다는 것을 지적하였다.

과적차량은 도로와 교량의 내구성 감소에 가장 큰 위험요소 중 하나여서 지금까지 이런 문제를 제한하기 위해 과적차량에 대한 단속이 실시되어 왔다. 그러나 기존의 시스템은 많은 문제점을 내포하고 있어서 이에 대한 대처방안이 요구되고 있다. 이러한 이유로 본 논문에서는 기존 문제점 해결과 u-ITS의 구축을 위해 무인화, 무선화 기반의 U-중차량 무인과적 단속시스템 구축방안을 제시하며 이를 위해, 시스템 구성방법, USN의 적용, 시스템 제어부와 WCDMA/HSDPA의 설계에 대해 연구하고 WIM 센서의 성능에 대해 검증하였다.

Stink bug species and host plants occurred in fallow lands for rice product regulation were studied in Honam area from 2004 to 2005. A total of 26 bug species in 8 families were surveyed in the fallow lands. Population density of Cletus punctiger adult reached its peak in July and was higher in fallow lands close to mountain area in Muan. Population density of stink bug species occurred in plain area of Wanju were significantly low in 2004 and population density of C. punctiger adult reached its peak in July and August in fallow lands in 2005. Five species of stink bug including C. punctiger immigrated from fallow lands to rice fields in August, and three other species including Cletus schmidti in September. Eight stink bug species which were observed to feed on weeds in fallow lands were C. punctiger, C. schmidti, Eurydema gebleri, Pachygrontha antennata, Trigonotylus caelestialium, Aelia fieberi, Eysarcoris aeneus, and Nezara antennata.

Cordyceps militaris is well known as a traditional herbal ingredient, which has been used for patients suffering from cancer in oriental medicine. In this study we have investigated the biochemical mechanisms of anti-proliferative effects by C. militaris extract(CBE) in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. It was found that CBE treatment induced chromatin condensation, mitochondrial energization, annexin V staining and sub-G1 phase DNA content. These indicators of apoptosis correlate with the mitochondrial dependent pathway, which results in the activation of caspase-3 activity. Both the cytotoxic effect by CBE treatment were significantly inhibited by z-DEVD-fmk, a caspase-3 inhibitor, demonstrating the important role of caspase-3 in the observed cytotoxic effect. Co-treatment of CBE and LY294002, resulted in significantly induction of apoptosis. These results indicate that caspase-3 is a key regulator of apoptosis in response to CBE in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 through down regulation of Akt, and that the C. militaris extract may therefore have therapeutic potential against human breast cancer.

This study was to assess the health risk of VOCs in indoor air under uncontrolled Korean-IAQ regulation. We measured the concentrations of formaldehyde and 5 VOCs (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and styrene) in indoor air at 232 public buildings for four kinds of public facility (32 wedding halls, 17 Gymnasiums, 20 Galleries, and 166 Welfare facilities) around the country. There were estimated the human exposure dose and health risk used average time and frequencies of questionaries for subjects such as facility users and office workers. There were estimated the lifetime excess cancer risk (ECR) for carcinogens (formaldehyde and benzene) and hazard quotient (HQ) for non-carcinogens (toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene and styrene). For the facility user, the average levels of ECRs were 10-4∼10-5 and 10-5 ∼10-6, respectively, for formaldehyde and benzene in all facilities. HQs of four non-carcinogens were not exceeded 1.0 in all facilities and subjects. In addition, there was showed the highest ECR in the smoking facility.

This study was planned to investigate what the main factor of the regulation compliance of inspection on harmful machine, instrument and equipment by industrial safety and health act is. This study subject was composed of three groups as employers, employees of manufacturing and using the harmful machine and safety inspectors. Manufacturing workplace were 236 places, using workplace were 201 places and the safety inspectors were 100 people. The study subject was sampled by stratified random sampling considering the type of harmful Machine. Data for analysis is collected from each sample using interview with structured questionnaires. Compliance is measured by 2, 3, and 4 point scale composed by 8 sub items such as general perception, understanding, clearness, necessity, relevancy, implementation, penalty, and general compliance of the regulation. The level of 8 items of employer's compliance are not differentiated among three groups. The determining factors for inspection observance of the workplace using the harmful Machine were understanding, penalty and cognized compliance. The determining factors for inspection observance of the workplace manufacturing the harmful Machine were understanding and object conformity. These results show that the strategy to adapt the regulated group to inspection regulation will be the elevation of understanding for regulation first of all.

H₂O₂, a member of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is known to be involved in the mediation of physiological functions in a variety of cell types. However, little has been known about the physiological role of H₂O₂in exocrine cells. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of H₂O₂on cholecystokinin (CCK)-evoked Cα²+ mobilization and amylase release was investigated in rat pancreatic acinar cells. Stimulation of the acinar cells with sulfated octapeptide form of CCK (CCK-8S) induced biphasic increase in amylase release. Addition of 30μM H₂O₂ enhanced amylase release caused by 10 pM CCK-8S, but inhibited the amylase release induced by CCK-8S at concentrations higher than 100 pM. An ROS scavenger, 10 μM Mn(III)tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphyrin chloride, increased amylase release caused by CCK-8S at concentrations higher than 100 pM, although lower concentrations of CCK-8S-induced amylase release was not affected. To examine whether the effect of H₂O₂on CCK-8S-induced amylase release was exerted via modulation of intracellular Cα²+ signaling, we measured the changes in intracellular Cα²+ concentration ([Cα²+]i) in fura-2 loaded acinar cells. Although 30 μM H₂O₂did not induce any increase in([Cα²+]i by itself, it increased the frequency and amplitude of([Cα²+]i oscillations caused by 10 pM CCK-8S. However, 30μM H₂O₂had little effect on 1 nM CCK-8S-induced increase in [Cα²+]i. ROS scavenger, 1 mM N-acetylcysteine, did not affect [Cα²+]i changes induced by 10 pM or 1 nM CCK-8S. Therefore, it was concluded that 30 μM H₂O₂ enhanced low concentration of CCK-8S-induced amylase release probably by increasing [Cα²+]i oscillations while it inhibited high concentration of CCK-8S-induced amylase release.

Objective: <千金方(Qianjinfang)> which documents a great amount of prescription of Acupuncture and moxibustion bikes an important role during the development of acupuncture and moxibustion. Thus, it have given rise us to the research-situation of Tang Dynasty China of previous period. This study was to outline the rules of choosing acupoints as well as the prescriptions of contemporary times in reference with <千金方(Qianjinfang)>, and to discuss the conception of acupuncture and moxibustion in <千金方(Qianjinfang)>. Method: Based on <千金方(Qianjinfang)>, the parameters were categorized to a certain scope, syndromes in different type were classified. Also numbers of acupoints, route of meridians locations, utilities of special acupoints even prescription methods were statistically analyzed in reference with <千金方(Qianjinfang)>. Results & Conclusion: Acupuncture prescription in <千金方(Qianjinfang)> was mostly presented by single acupoint and this was basic prescription of its rule of choosing acupoints. Choosing acupoint for the majority of various diseases started from choosing meridians with the disorder, but no rules for choosing acupoints was clear. There was basically various methods in choosing acupoints, but little were used by Biao-Ii meridian choosing method (表裏經配穴.) In the high frequency of use, wu-shu acupoints was higher used than other specific acupoints (特定穴). While wu-shu acupoints treated the major parts of the diseases, shu-mo acupoints were strictly used on system. Consequently : The theoretical basis originating the choosing rules of the acupoints and prescriptions was shown in <千金方(Qianjinfang)> as representative clinical reference, through which it was valuable to analyze the prescription rule and specificity of the acupoints.

제품을 로트(lot)단위로 구분하고 로트에서 취한 샘플을 검사하여 얻은 품질 특성의 값을 이용해서 로트의 합격여부를 판정하는 것을 샘플링검사(sampling inspection)라 하고, 검사하는 품질특성이 제품의 수명 특성치인 경우에 이를 신뢰성 샘플링 검사(reliability sampling inspection)라 한다. 그 중 벌크재료에 대한 샘플링 검사방식을 알아 보도록한다.

Biosynthetic processing of fibrillar procollagens is essential for producing mature collagen monomers that polymerize into fibrils by a self-assembly process. The metalloproteinase ADAMTS-2 is the major enzyme that processes the N-propeptide of type I procollagen in the skin and also of type II and type III procollagens. Mutations in the ADAMTS-2 gene cause dermatospraxis in animals and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome VIIC in humans, both of which are characterized by the accumulation of type I pN-collagen and the formation of abnormal collagen fibrils in the skin. Despite its importance in procollagen processing, little is known about the regulation of ADAMTS-2 expression. Here, we demonstrate that ADAMTS-2 can be regulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, an inducer of type I procollagen synthesis. This steroid hormone induced ADAMTS-2 mRNA ~3-fold in MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells and MC3T3-E1 murine osteoblastic cells. This induction was dose- and time-dependent in MG-63 cells. In contrast, secreted ADAMTS-2 protein was increased only 1.4-fold with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Finally, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the presence of ascorbate increased levels of secreted ADAMTS-2 1.9-fold over ascorbate treatment alone, which did not appreciably change ADAMTS-2 expression. These data indicate that the regulation of ADAMTS-2 is coupled with the synthesis of type I procollagen through 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 signaling and may involve translational or posttranslational control.

본 연구에서는 인간 부갑상선 호르몬의 발현을 유도적으로 조절할 수 있는 retrovirus vector system을 확립하고자 하였다. 이에 tetracycline계 물질로 발현을 유도적으로 조절할 수 있는 one vector 형태의 Tet-On system을 이용하였으며 WPRE 서열을 도입하여 유도적 조건에서 외래 유전자의 발현을 증가시켰다. 구축한 각각의 표적세포에서 RT-PCR과 ELISA를 이용하여 hPTH 유전자의 발현 정도를 비교 측정한 결과, WPRE가 hPTH의 3' 위치에 도입된 RevTRE-PTH- WPRE-CMVp-rtTA2SM2 virus를 이용하여 유전자를 전이시킨 경우에 hPTH의 발현량이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났고, 또한 유도율도 가장 큰 것으로 확인되었다. 이 system을 이용하여 생산한 고감염가의 virus는 인간의 부갑상선 호르몬을 생산하기 위한 동물세포주의 구축이나 형질전환 동물의 생산에 있어서 매우 효율적인 유전자 전이 수단이 될 것으로 사료된다.