Recently, it is not sufficient that contemporary firms satisfy customers to be really successful, they must create new value. To do so, many firms focus on the blue ocean strategy. The blue ocean strategy proposed the strategic canvas as a main tool for i

A sample of ultra low carbon IF steel was processed by six-layer stack accumulative roll-bonding (ARB) and annealed. The ARB was conducted at ambient temperature after deforming the as-received material to a thickness of 0.5 mm by 50% cold rolling. The ARB was performed for a six-layer stacked, i.e. a 3 mm thick sheet, up to 3 cycles (an equivalent strain of ~7.0). In each ARB cycle, the stacked sheets were, first, deformed to 1.5 mm thickness by 50% rolling and then reduced to 0.5 mm thickness, as the starting thickness, by multi-pass rolling without lubrication. The specimen after 3 cycles was then annealed for 0.5 h at various temperatures ranging from 673 to 973 K. The microstructural evolution with the annealing temperature for the 3-cycle ARB processed IF steel was investigated in detail by transmission electron microscopy observation. The ARB processed IF steel exhibited mainly a dislocation cell lamella structure with relatively high dislocation density in which the subgrains were partially observed. The selected area diffraction (SAD) patterns suggested that the misorientation between neighboring cells or subgrains was very small. The thickness of the grains increased in a gradual way up to 873 K, but above 898 K it increased drastically. As a result, the grains came to have an equiaxed morphology at 898 K, in which the width and the thickness of the grains were almost identical. The grain growth occurred actively at temperatures above 923 K.

By selecting rural residential houses of Jiaozuo region as the research object，paper analyzes local residential houses’ origin, formation and development. Base on searching literature study, field research, and summarizing the previous analysis methods, firstly, describe the form of rural residential houses in Jiaozuo region; secondly, analyses the causes of architectural evolution; lastly, summarizes the evolution laws. Then combined with related domestic and abroad instance, paper is to propose reasonable advice and strategies for preservation and update the rural residential houses in Jiaozuo.

본 연구는 융합과 경쟁시대 미디어 수용자의 변화가 새로운 미디어와 인터 페이스 및 콘텐츠의 진화를 촉진하는 가장 주요한 요인으로 간주하고 디 지털 컨버전스에 따른 수용자의 위상 변화를 살펴보고 수용자 변화에 조응하는 정 책에 대해 검토하였다. 문헌 연구를 통해서 참여미디어의 생산성에 따른 수용성의 변화와 수용자 위상을 검토하였다. 또한 이러한 수용자 위상의 변화에 걸 맞는 융 합미디어 정책의 방향성을 제시하였다. 연구 결과, 융합시대 수용자의 소비 양식은 변화되었고, 미디어의 생산과 유통의 주체로서의 역할을 수행하고 있다. 이런 특성을 중심으로 수용자 위상을 보면, 수 용자의 참여와 공유의 정신이 일상의 정치화를 촉진하고 있으며, 집단 지성을 통 한 콘텐츠 생산자로서의 역할 수행, 자생적으로 역할의 세분화하는 변화를 읽을 수 있었다. 융합 환경에서의 수용자 위상변화에 따른 정책은 양방향성 구현과 메 시지 처리 속도의 개선, 사용자 통제력 강화를 통한 스마트 사용자 주권을 확보하 도록 해야 할 것이다. 이러한 정책은 결과적으로 융합시대 디지털 디바이드와 리 터러시를 개선하는 효과를 낳을 것이다. 이로 인해 수용자의 위상에 걸 맞는 디지 털 주권이 공고화될 것이다.

Copper composite materials have attracted wide attention for energy applications. Especially has a desirable direct band gap of 1.5 eV, which is well matched with the solar spectrum. nanoparticles could make it possible to develop color-tunable nanoparticle emitter in the near-infrared region (NIR) for energy application and bio imaging sensors. In this paper, nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by thermo-decomposition methods. Surface modification of nanoparticles were carried out with various semiconductor materials (CdS, ZnS) for enhanced optical properties. Surface modification and silica coating of hydrophobic nanoparticles could be dispersed in polar solvent for potential applications. Their optical properties were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). The structures of silica coated were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

『佩觽』은 오대와 송나라 초기 郭忠恕가 편찬한 자서로, 위진시대 이후로 분석 된 자서의 총결체로, 한자 자형의 표준과 한자 자형의 변화 규칙의 중요성이라는 측면에서 볼 때 충분히 연구의 가치를 지니고 있다. 본문은 곽충서가 지적한 34종의 한자 자형의 변화 현상 중 6종의 양상을 분석 하고, 이를 통해 곽충서가 지녔던 한자 자형 변화에 대한 개념을 파악하는 동시에, 그 사상적 이론을 분석하고, 이러한 사고의 변화가 후대에 전해지면서 어떤 가치 와 작용을 가지는지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이는 결국 이후 등장하게 되는 과학적 인 문자학사나 사전사의 연구에 있어 매우 중요한 하나의 연구 자료로 사용될 수 있으리라 기대한다.

Relationship with fungi is one of the habitat adaptation of Sciaridae. While the earlier studies suggested that many fungus gnats are playing as the important vectors of various fungus diseases on plants and mushrooms, evidences have not been well reported. Based on a multi-gene phylogeny, by the Bayesian framework, we propose the correlation of four morphological characters of adults and habitat adaptation from saproxylic to phytophagous in the Sciaridae. Our results suggest that the evolution of habitat transition from dead plant litter to the live plant is related to habitat adaptation to the phytophagy and the morphological characters of fore tibia apex is also related to the functional linkage between these traits. We performed Bayes factor-based tests, referred with evolutionary pathway test (EPT), to decide the correlated traits gained the during evolutionary processes. The EPTs strongly suggest that fore tibia structures appeared first and followed by plant-feeding adaptation. The divergence time estimations of Sciaridae are also largely congruent with the fossil records. The members of subfamily Megalosphyinae have radiated explosively and contemporaneously since the Oligocene, with the expansion of modern grasslands and the increase of herbivores. Consequently, we suggest that the evolutionary benefit of tibial structure may be closely related with the fungal carrying in Sciaridae.

Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are well known as micro-insect pests, which are very specific to their host plants, sucking phloem for acquiring nutrients, and most of them have successfully maintained parthenogenetic generations cyclically or permanently. In the world, the approximately 5,000 described aphid species belong to the family Aphididae, which has taxonomically been subdivided into 27 subfamilies in current. The diversification of host plants, especially angiosperms, has played an important role in their evolution. Major questions about aphid evolution include origins of host alternation as well as age and patterns of diversification in relation to host plants. To address these, I did both macroscale (phylogenetics) and microscale (population genetics) researches on aphids. First I reconstructed the phylogeny of the three major aphid groups, Aphidini, Macrosiphini, and Pterocommatinae, which are the most diverse in the world and constitute more than 60% of the total species. These major lineages demonstrate the evolutionary history of aphids interacting with their host plants. I also used molecular dating method to calculate reasonable divergence time on each clade. Based on phylogenetic and dating analyses, most generic divergences in Aphidinae occurred in the Middle Tertiary when primary hosts, mainly Rosaceae, were diverging, whereas species-level divergences were related with diversification of secondary hosts such as Poaceae in the Middle to Late Tertiary. Most generic divergences in Aphidini occurred in the Middle Tertiary, and species-level divergences occurred between the Middle and Late Tertiary. The divergence times of aphid lineages at the generic or subgeneric levels are close to those of their primary hosts. Second I performed population genetics of the polyphagous cotton-melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover. I analyzed population genetic structure between 570 aphids collected from 41 plant species of primary and secondary, mostly wild, hosts using 9 microsatellite loci. As results, population structure of A. gossypii revealed that several genetic affinities in common use of some secondary and primary hosts are detected. Host preference in secondary host is higher than that in primary host, and woody plants share same genetic structure. This species might speciated by the related mechanisms such as host alternation and loss of primary host. I will propose macro- and micro-evolutionary patterns of the Aphidini aphids based on integrating phylogenetic and population genetic approaches

In this study, I calculate the past and future dynamical states of the Earth-Moon system by using modified Lambeck’s formulae. I find that the ocean tidal effect must have been smaller in the past compared to its present amount. Even though the Moon is already in the spin-orbit synchronous rotational state, my calculation suggest that it will not be in geostationary rotational state in the next billion years or so. This is due to the associated Earth’s obliquity increase and slow retardation of Earth’s spin and lunar orbital angular velocities. I also attempt to calculate the precessional period of the Earth in the future. To avoid uncertainties in the time scale, the future state is described by using the Earth-Moon distance ratio as independent parameter. Effects due to solar tidal dissipation are included in all calculations.

P/M coppers are subjected to the isothermal compression tests at the strain rate ranging from 0.01 to 10.0 and the temperature from 200 to . The processing map reveals the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) domain in the following temperature and strain rate ranges: and 0.01-10.0 , respectively. In the domain, the region at temperature of and strain rate of shows peak efficiency. From the kinetic analysis, the apparent activation energy in the DRX domain is 190.67 kJ/mol and it suggests that lattice self-diffusion is the rate controlling mechanism.

본 연구는 식품 관련 기업과 공공기관에서 요구되는 인력의 역량 항목과 전공과목의 업무 관련 중요도를 조사하고, 여러 종류의 식품 관련 자격증에 대한 가치를 추정하여 식품 관련 인력의 수요를 예측하고자 하였다. 또한 설문 조사 결과의 신뢰성을 높이기 위해 식품 기업과 공공 기관의 업무 경험이 적어도 3년 이상된 실무자들을 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시하였다. 기업 및 공공기간에서 신입사원 채용 판단 기준 분석에 있어서 가장 중요하게 보는 것은 인성 및 성격, 식품전문지식 및 컴퓨터 능력의 순으로 나타났다. 기업별 및 공공기관으로 나누어 볼 때, 공공기관에서는 식품전문지식, 출신학교 및 학력이 기업군에 비해 중요하게 여기고 있으며, 자격증은 위탁급식업체에서 가장 중요하게 판단하는 것으로 나타났다. 업무와 전문과목 관련 중요도 분석 결과, 법규 및 위생 관련 과목이 중요하게 판단되는 것으로 나타났다.

Isotactic polyacrylonitrile (PAN) with triad isotacticity of 0.53, which was determined by 13C NMR, using dialkylmagnesium as an initiator, was successfully synthesized. Isothermal treatment of iso-PAN was conducted in air at 200, 220, 250 and 280℃. Structural evolutions and chemical changes were studied with Fourier transformation infrared and wide-angle X-ray diffraction during stabilization. A new parameter CNF=I2240cm-1/ (I1595cm-1+f*I1595cm-1) was defined to evaluate residual nitrile groups. Crystallinity and crystal size were calculated with X-ray diffraction dates. The results indicated that the nitrile groups had partly converted into a ladder structure as stabilization proceeded. The rate of reaction increased with treatment temperature; crystallinity and crystal size decreased proportionally to pyrolysis temperature. The iso-conversional method coupled with the Kissinger and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa methods were used to determine kinetic parameters via differential scanning calorimetry analysis with different heating rates. The active energy of the reaction was 171.1 and 169.1 kJ/mol, calculated with the two methods respectively and implied the sensitivity of the reaction with temperature.

As operating temperatures of engines or turbines continually increase for higher efficiency, significant amounts of researches have been focused on finding new materials, which would be alternatives to conventional yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) for thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). In this study, phase evolution and thermo-physical properties of pyrochlore systems are investigated for TBC applications. systems are comprised by selecting as A-site ions and as B-site ions in pyrochlore structures. For the developed phases in compositions, thermo-physical properties such as thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient are examined. The potential of these compositions for TBC application is also discussed.

The commonly used word historical evolution research is one of Chinese glossary history research important topics. The verbs Relevant to plant is in Chinese the important commonly used glossary from the pre-qin until the modern age. According to the historical literature,this article carries on the investigation to this kind of verb in each historical period evolution situation, and tries to find their characteristic .The research for the commonly used word to provide the document reference.

Pei Xi is a book of Chinese characters written by Guo Zhongshu. It epitomized the dictionaries of Chinese characters which are produced since WeiJin. Nowadays, it is worth standardizing Chinese characters and researching their developing rules. Pei Xi has three parts .The first part is the theory about Evolution of Chinese characters . This thesis will mainly analyze Guo Zhongshu’s theory about Chinese characters and their evolving rules , and discuss its significance in philology. This thesis will also provide some reliable reference materials for case study. The author will draw a conclusion by summing up the values of Pei Xi, as well as its influences.