Today, the world is marked by confusion and conflicts caused by a lack of leadership. The advance in science and civilization did not bring about a united and harmonious community. Rather, it the opposite phenomena is on the in crease . ln short, excessive materi ali stic affluence has made the soul of mankind desolate. Furthermore, many more people suffer from poverty and the feeling of alienation. The resulting sense of mutual distrust, accentuated by the feeling of comparative deprivation, and the generation gap has led to a state of conflict and confrontation. Thjs state is marked by a tendency towards globalization which is ruled by the logic of power and economics. This in tum has brought about the opposing trend towards regional bloc based on cultural homogeneity. The current general state of affairs calls for a leader capable of providing the necessary leadership to solve the global crisis and confusion and mediate conflicts and reestablish order The current world leadership is lacking in piety and moderation which led them to fa Jl as slaves towards power and materialism. They display clear signs of moral f1aws as they foster distrust among the people, making them move about in confusion amidst the insecure and uneasy world. The res ult of this is a strong distrust towards the current leadership. Thus, the leadership capable of solving these problems must not only be able to realize harmony and unity but must be based on the fundamentally alσuistic， cornmunal and ever-σustful faith of Christian spiri t. The answer, then , lies in the scriptural leadership based on Christian faith. The Scripture teaches us the meaning of true leadership through the image of self-sacrifice. What enables the leader to overcome self-love and see things in an objective way, gives him the ability to control himself, work for the kingdom of God, seek after the spirit of love and unity and overcome all obstacles is the leadership deriving from mission spirit. Historically, young Christians have taken a leading role in this matter. In particular, during the eighteenth century which is marked by confusion, fear and conflicts, young Christians such as Wesley and Whitfield had attempted to solve the many social, political, and economical problems through the practice of spiritual and religious movements such as spiritual revival movements and student mission movements. The reason they were successful was because the young Christians were visionaries armed with open-mindedness and adaptability. The young Christian mission leadership burns with a sense of altruistic purpose and they are filled with a vision, constantly examines themselves and praying for guidance in order to stay true to God’s purpose. As long as they accentuate the vision received from God, grow into leaders deserving of trust and responsibility, maintain the healthY and balanced development of body and spirit, train in the di scipleship, and add hurnility to these, then, they can acquire σue leadership qualities as light and salt to the world. The leadership crisis of the world can be overcome by young Christian mission leadership characterized by its oneness, unity and harrnony, mutual love, efforts to reduce division and conflict, trust and responsibility. The cause of leadership void in the wor1d is selfcenteredness that inhibits efforts to overcome oneself. There can be no alternative world leadership save by following the teachings of Jesus who died for others and taught others to do likewise. Through such leadership, we can overcome unreasonable and conflicting state of affairs and work towards changing the world ruled not by the will of people but where God’s righteousness flows like a river.

To transfer educational research into practice, to sustain innovative practices, and to enable schools to implement curricular reform, leadership at each level-national, local, school, and classroom-is essential. The term "e-leadership" is used to connote a new style of leadership suited to the new electronic environment. This paper illustrates how the findings of an international comparative study informed the development of an international eleadership training program for educational leaders from governments and schools within the AsiaPacific region. First, case reports were developed for 17 4 information and communication technology (JCT) innovation projects in 28 countries. Second, the case reports were analyzed to identify key factors about the innovative classrooms and their contexts. Six key dimensions were found. Third, a workshop was held for participants from ten APEC economies to prepare ICT implementation plans, taking into account the findings from the case study research. This paper reports the major findings of the international comparative study as well as the lessons learnt from this research-into-practice experience, including the vital role of e-leadership at all levels of the education system.

Korean churches and mssions have been influenced by their cultural regulations on women issues. Women were treated as inferior beings, who is destined to take role in less irnportant positions in Korean traditional society. In response, a protestant missionary established the fìrst school for Korean women and girls in 1886, as she preached the Gospel. As a result, socio-political leadership opporturlÌties were given to women in contemporary Korean society. However, the churches were reluaant to change their hierarchical concept on women and women leadership, which influenced rrusslOnaries’ lives, works and their rnission fìelds. This concept of women inferiority suppressed female church members and missionaries; it not only belittled thernselves but also affected the relationship with their male partners in ministry. To cope with these difficulties and to help Korean ffilSslOnaries, here we need to do critical contextualization. For the missiological process, we will study God's intentions for the status of women and their leadership through exarrurung the discussions between the complementarians and the full participationists on the issues. In the first and second Genesis, God created Man as male and female in his image and blessed them to rule over all creatures in the earth. Both in the cultural command in Gen.1:27,28 and the creation story in Gen.2: 18-24, we can see the equality of women in their human dignity, status and leadership role. It is dear that Jesus, the Son of God in the Gospels, also demonstrated his view on women in equal status and equal in discipleship and leadersþip for the kingdom of God. The Holy Spirit also affirmed the equality of women both in status and ministty through pouring out Himself according to his promise in Joel 2:28,29. Apostle Paul in his new creation theology, through Gal.3:28, prodaimed the equality of women both in spiritual and sκial bases. Even in the two difficult passages, 1Cor.14:34,35 and 1Tim.2:11,12, we found that Paul was not to teach universal truth but to exhorr them to apply in their special contexts. Moreover, Paul also showed his view on women in equality both in dignity of personality and ministty, by induding many women as his coworkers for his missionart works. As we learned above, to treat women in equal status and leadership role is right in the sight of God who is love and justice. Therefore, the hierarchical concept of Korean Church and missions should be transformed in the light of the biblical foundations of women in equal status and leadership, as a missiological prαess of critical contextualization. As we know, two• thirds of the Korean Church are consisted of women. The Korean Church should recover the equal status of their woman members in their hurnan dignity created in the image of God, and their leadership roles based on being outpoured by the Holy Spirit. I suggest that this biblical knowledge should be taught at seminaries and Bible study groups in the Korean Church--from children to the elders, from women to men, and from laymen to pastors. As a result, women in the Korean Church and ffilSSlon will develop thernselves to contribute for the kingdom of God. Healthy relationships and improved teamwork with their male partners are also expected. My hopes are that the synergy effect thus created in Shalom will help accelerate His kingdom come in the whole eanh.

As the family's revenue and the preference for the quality of life increase, outdoor food and meal industry is rapidly growing up in Korea. Thus employee's service quality is much more necessary in this industry. This paper reviews the relationship betwee

The Korean church had been faced the tendency of the decline of Church growth. fundamentally, the crisis was caused by the lack of qualified Christian Leadership for church rninistry. Under this cunent situation of crisis this article tried to confirm and analyze those problems of the lack of Christian leadership. Generally tbe leadership means to lead rnernbers to the specific goals for the groups. There are many deflnitions for the leadership. But in the context of the church ministry, there are clear differences between the spiritualleadership and the secular leadership. Above all, the spiritual leadership emphasize on the Bible, church and the faith to the God. In the spiritual leadership, the purpose of the leadership is not ruling his group. In the Bible, Jesus told us clearly in that fact. Jesus said that who want to be a leader should become a servant fIrst. And Jesus Christ encapsulated the gospel into two commandrnents. He said to love God with our total being and our neighbor as ourselves. Effective leadership should be follow tbose two commandrnents A future question that arises for the spiritual leadership is about how can we develop the spiritual leadership. For the future ministry, we have to consider radical changes in our society. It is said that in the twenty-first century, to limit church by area wilI be meaningless. And the influences of the computer and multimedia is stronger than before. People wilI seek more spiritual relief in the church. This article explored the spiritualleadership for the future ministry. When we face our circumstances we can notice easily that the future would be very different with all technical developments. We found already radical changes in our daily life. The future minisσies confront severe challenge from the radical changes and high-technical society. How can the church survive under those radical changes? Therefore this article tried to describe about future changes. Our church needs to attempt new techniques for our future ministry. But the most important thing is even its methodology can be changed but not the essence of Gospel. We have to establish our future on the Word of God. Future ministries wilI claim more spiritual leadership than ever. Stronger spiritual leadership wiU be requested because of those rapid changes in our society. So in this article suggest some helpful tips it can help to develop effective Christian leadership for the future ministry and church growth.

With increasing of Korean family's revenue and pursuing quality of life, outdoor food and meal industry is rapidly growing up. Thus employee's service quality is much more needed in this industry. This paper is review the relationship between transformational leadership and service quality. Survey papers gathered from restaurant employee were 571 cases and analysed to test significant relationship between leadership and service quality. Statistical analysis result showed that tangibility and empathy among service quality factors have many significant relationships with leadership styles than other factors.

이 연구는 세계화와 지방화가 동시에 진행되고 있고, 앞으로 그런 추세가 더욱 촉진될 것으로 예상되는 지금, 최근 국가경쟁력이 급속히 향상된 핀란드의 국가경쟁력 향상전략을 분석 · 연구하고, 그 시사점은 무엇인지, 그리고 우리 나라가 배울 점을 추출하고자 하는 것이다. 한국과 핀란드는 유사점이 많다. 강대국 사이에 끼여 침략과 지배를 받았고, 부존자원이 부족하고(핀란드의 경우 삼림자원은 풍부), 인적자원의 개발과 국민의 근면성이 경제성장에 크게 기여하였다. 내수시장의 협소, 즉 내부 수요조건이 좋지 않으므로 수출의존, 개방화로 가지 않을 수 없었다. 그리고 지금까지 두 나라 모두 자본과 노동의 투입 증가를 통해 경제를 성장시켰고, 그 결과 세계시장의 수요조건과 적합하지 않을 때는 과잉투자와 금융위기를 겪은 적이 있다. 그러나 핀란드는 1995년 이후 IMD가 평가한 국가경쟁력을 꾸준히 향상시켜 왔다. 핀란드가 국가경쟁력을 향상한 밑바닥에는, 중앙정부와 지방정부에 성과지향문화를 확립했다는 점이다. 지금까지 성과문화는 사적부문 즉 기업부문 외에는 해당되지 않는 것으로 생각하고 있었다. 정부는 계획을 세우고 자금을 지원하는 것으로 그 임무를 다한 것으로 생각했다. 그러나 핀란드는 국가와 지방의 행정 그리고 공공단체에도 경영개념과 성과문화를 도입, 민관파트너십(private public partnership)을 형성하였다. 또한 중앙정부와 지방정부도 선택과 집중 원칙에 근거하여 국가와 지방의 자원을 효율적으로 활용하고, 미래의 변화에 적극적으로 대처했다. 그 결과가 지역별 특성화된 연구과학단지이다. 연구단지의 운영에 있어서도 적은 인력으로 효율성을 추구하고 그 성과를 평가받는다. 이 연구의 결과는 우리 나라의 국가경쟁력 향상에 많은 시사점을 제공할 것으로 생각된다 .

목적: 본 연구는 리더선수의 행동을 탐색하여 선수 리더십의 구성요인을 결정하고, 리더선수의 역할과 영향력 그 리고 행동에 따른 팀의 기여도와 선수들의 선호도를 파악하는데 목적이 있다. 방법: 연구대상은 서울 지역 11개 종목의 대학교 운동선수 110명을 대상으로 연구를 진행하였고, 개방형 설문지를 활용하여 리더선수 행동 탐색에 따른 선수 리더십의 구성요인을 귀납적 내용분석을 통해 결정하였으며, 빈도분석과 기술통계를 활용하여 리더선 수의 역할, 영향력, 팀의 기여도와 선수들의 선호도를 파악하였다. 결과: 훈련과 시합상황에서 리더선수의 주요 긍정⋅부정 행동은 파이팅을 외치며 격려하는 행동과 팀원에게 화를 내는 행동이며, 일상생활에선 생활규칙을 엄 수하는 행동과 생활규칙 준수를 강압적으로 지시하는 행동으로 나타났다. 둘째, 선수 리더십의 구성요인은 솔선수 범, 격려와 분위기 형성, 지도와 조언 제공, 단합과 의사소통, 부정적 영향력의 5요인으로 결정하였다. 셋째, 선수 들이 인식하고 선호하는 리더선수는 주장으로 나타났으며, 리더선수의 영향력에 대해 10개 팀은 긍정적으로, 나 머지 2개 팀은 부정적으로 나타났다. 넷째, 가장 높은 팀의 기여도와 선수들의 선호도는 훈련상황에서 팀원의 부 족한 부분에 대한 피드백을 제공해주는 행동, 시합상황에서 박수를 치거나 엄지를 치켜세우는 행동으로 나타났으 며, 일상생활에선 팀원을 나서서 도와주는 행동과 생활규칙을 엄수하는 행동이 가장 높은 팀의 기여도와 선수들 의 선호도를 보였다. 결론: 선수 리더십을 발휘하는 리더선수의 상황별 주요 행동과 선수 리더십의 구성요인을 도출하였으며, 이러한 리더선수의 역할과 영향력 그리고 행동에 따른 팀의 기여도와 선수들의 선호도를 파악하였다.

본 연구는 사립유치원교사의 셀프리더십과 행복감이 이직의도에 미치는 영향에서 근무환경의 매개효과를 규명하기 위해 실시되었다. 강원도와 경기도, 경상도에 소재한 사립유치원에 재직 중인 261명의 교사를 대상으로 인터넷 및 우편, 직접 방문을 통한 설문조사를 진행하였는데, 셀프리더십 질문지, 행복감 질문지, 이직의도 질문지, 근무환경 질문지를 사용하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 25.0과 AMOS 25.0 통계프로그램을 사용하여 분석하였으며, 결과처리를 위해 빈도와 백분율 산출, 신뢰도 검증, 적률상관분석, 경로분석과 Sobel test를 실시하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 사립유 치원교사의 셀프리더십과 이직의도의 관계에서 근무환경은 완전매개역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 사립유치원교사의 행복감과 이직의도의 관계에서 근무환경은 완전매개역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 통해 사립유치원교사의 이직의도를 낮출 수 있는 다양한 방안과 보다 질 높은 근무환경을 모색하기 위한 기초자료를 제시하였다는데 연구의 의의가 있다.

This study aims to analyze the effect of transformational leadership (TL), procedural justice (PJ), and training (T) on employee performance (EP) mediated by self-efficacy (SE). The object of this research is Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah (RSUD) M.Th. Djaman, a hospital in Sanggau Regency, while the subjects are the institution’s staff. Data collection search uses purposive sampling with a total of 120 samples. Data are obtained through questionnaires distributed directly to respondents using the Google Form application. Data analysis techniques used in this study include standard error of mean (SEM) with AMOS software version 24.00. Methods use to test validity and reliability of data include Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Construct Reliability (CR) and VE. The results of the analysis show that only training has a significant effect on self-efficacy, and self-efficacy has a significant effect on employee performance. Also, self-efficacy is proven to mediate the role of training on employee performance; the other hypotheses are not significant. Training is the most prominent positive factor affecting self-efficacy and self-efficacy has a significant effect on employee performance at RSUD M.Th. Djaman. The results of this study can be used as a reference by management in determining what policy priorities should take precedence.

This study aims to examine the influence of Islamic leadership and Islamic work culture on employee performance through work motivation and job satisfaction. This study was conducted at Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Walisongo Semarang, Indonesia, because so far, there is still very limited research on the relationships between Islamic leadership, work culture, and work motivation in educational personnel performance. The educational personnel performance is expected to increase at UIN Walisongo Semarang with continuous efforts to improve to survive and develop as much as possible. The population of this study was all educational personnel at UIN Walisongo Semarang, Indonesia. Of 186 people, only 127 people were involved in this study. The research method used was a survey method using primary data collected through questionnaires. This study’s analysis technique employed multiple linear regression. The results uncovered that, out of the eight hypotheses proposed, six hypotheses were accepted. Islamic leadership and Islamic work culture were found to have no direct effect on employee performance. Besides, work motivation and job satisfaction became essential factors mediating Islamic leadership and Islamic work culture on employee performance. Spiritual values in leadership inspire employees to build the organization’s vision and create job satisfaction, which in turn impacted employees’ performance.

This study tests and analyzes the influence of empowering leadership on employee creativity which is mediated by psychological empowerment. Researchers conduct survey method on state-owned bank employees (ABC Bank) in Pacitan, East Java, Indonesia. Purposive sampling is selected with Likert scale as measurement. The population of this study is 166 respondents, who are permanent employees of the ABC Bank. The data analysis technique used is SPSS 24. The results of this study find that: (1) there is an influence of empowering leadership on psychological empowerment, (2) there is an influence of empowering leadership on individual creativity, (3) there is an influence of psychological empowerment on individual creativity, and (4) the influence of empowering leadership on individual creativity is mediated by psychological empowerment. This study ignores other types of leadership. Further study is needed to examine other types of leadership besides empowering leadership. The level of analysis of this study is individual, so further study could examine empowering leadership conceptualized at the group level because followers will be influenced not only by the dyadic relationship with the leader, but also by the dynamics of the members of the empowered group. This study provides theoretical enrichment from the aspect of empowering leadership, especially at the individual level. Leaders can increase employee creativity by empowering them to do their jobs. Additionally, by creating a work environment that ensures employees feel empowered psychologically.

This research examined the effect of KHD Leadership toward Sustainable Shareholder Value and mediated by IT & Business Strategy Alignement and Integrated Supply Chain Management. Therefore, with this research, it is expected to be able to develop the KHD Leadership in State-owned enterprises’ (SOEs) Indonesian. The population in this study were all echelon 1, 2, and 3 employees in the PT Pupuk Kalimantan Timur, PT Pupuk Petrokimia Gresik, PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang, PT Pupuk Kujang Cikampek, PT Pupuk Iskandar Muda, as many as N = 1002 people. The appropriate sampling technique used is Proportional Stratified Random Sampling (n=300 employees). The statistical analysis used is SEM-WarpPLS method. IT & Business Strategy Alignement and Integrated Supply Chain Management significant and positive on Sustainable Shareholder Value. IT & Business Strategy Alignment and IT Integrated Suppy Chain Management is a mediating variable between the influence of KHD Leadership on Sustainable Shareholder Value. Novelty in this research is the development of Ki Hadjar Dewantara Leadership as the development of the concept of Javanese leadership that grows inherent in Indonesian society, especially Javanese society and is believed to be applicable in business and industrial organizations in Indonesia, of course it can also be implemented in Pupuk Indonesia Holding Company.

The present research intends to examine the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and leadership initiations among the marketing executives in Delhi NCR (INDIA), and seeks to uncover the predictors of leadership initiations within personality traits. The data are collected through online survey method using different social media platforms. A sample of 233 (male =136 and female =97) marketing executive’s responses were included. The data collected with the help of self-reported Big Five model inventory and leadership initiation test. The collected data were analyzed statistically by using descriptive statistics, correlation. and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results revealed that the age of respondents inversely correlated with leadership initiation. Neuroticism revealed significant inverse correlation with leadership initiation, whereas significant positive correlations were found between extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and leadership initiations, while openness to experience revealed insignificant positive correlation with leadership initiation. Extraversion and conscientiousness appeared as the most dominant personality traits among marketing executives, irrespective of gender, that positively influenced leadership initiation and appeared as the predictor of leadership initiation. In male executives extraversion and age emerged as the predictors of leadership behavior, while in female executives extraversion and openness to experience personality traits appeared as the predictors of leadership initiation.

This paper aimed to study the role of green leadership toward environmental policies support in university. Furthermore, this study investigated the influence of green leadership toward environmental policies support and discussed the mediation effect of Green Self efficacy, Green Mindfulness, organization identity and environmental responsibility. The number of Population sample in this research was taken from 1,456 lecturers and staff of Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia. Total sample in this research is 312 respondents. Structural Equation Models (SEM) was used in this research to develop the model of green leadership role toward environmental policies support of Lecturer and Staff in the University. This study found that green leadership had significant influences toward environmental policies support, environmental responsibility, green mindfulness and green self-efficacy but had insignificant influence toward organizational identity. Path analysis showed strong mediation effect of environmental responsibility and green mindfulness, but had a weak mediation from organizational identity and green self-efficacy. Finally, this study concluded that the role of green leadership in influencing environmental responsibility and green mindfulness was required to be enhanced in order to increase the support of environmental policies at the university. Further study needs to be carried out to determine the effect of green leadership on green performance and green behavior in organizations.

This study attempts to examine the relationships between transformational leadership, learning orientation, firm innovativeness, and financial performance. Specifically, the moderating effect of learning orientation and firm innovativeness. The data collected from 606 SMEs in Thailand were evaluated using the structural equation modeling, typifying that quantitative research. The results revealed that transformational leadership had a positive effect on learning orientation. Similarly, transformational leadership had a positive effect on firm innovativeness. Further, the study found that transformational leadership had a positive indirect effect on financial performance through the mediation of learning orientation. The results of the study found that transformational leadership had a positive indirect effect on financial performance through the mediation of firm innovativeness. Transformational leadership and learning orientation to improve innovation within the organization, including organizations and leaders among themselves. Especially, innovative firms inculcate ideals of promise to learning, open-mindedness, and shared vision. Furthermore, practitioners can use the findings of this study when they perform their role of leaders to challenge creativity and innovation among followers. Finally, those developments would influence a procedure of evidence procurement, evidence distribution and shared explanation that escalations equally individual and administrative effectiveness owing to its influence going on products.

This study aims to add insight into the effectiveness of e-training, e-leadership, work-life balance, and work motivation on millennial generation employees’ performance in today’s work life amid the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic that requires to work more online. Unlike previous generations, millennials are technology-literate, intent on succeeding quickly, give up easily, and seek instantaneous gratification. The population in this study are millennial generation employees at one of Honda motorcycle dealers in Jakarta, Indonesia. The number of samples collected was 200. The sampling technique used is the side probability method, with proportional random sampling technique. The research method used is an associative quantitative approach through survey methods and Structural Equation Modeling. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to millennial generation employees, with results then processed through the Lisrel 8.5 program. The results of this study show, first, that e-training, e-leadership, and work-life balance have positive effect on work motivation. Second, e-training, e-leadership, work-life balance, and work motivation have positive effect on employees’ performance. The findings indicate that companies must pay attention to the factors of e-training, e-leadership, and work-life balance to keep employees motivated and to maintain optimal employee performance, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic through working online.

Recognizing the vital role of employees in achieving optimal performance and sustainable competitive advantage as expected, organizations need to facilitate high support for employees, implement appropriate leadership styles, and increase affective commitment within the organization. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze and explore: (1) the effect of perceived organizational support (POS) on employee performance and affective commitment; (2) the effect of transformational leadership on employee performance and affective commitment; and (3) the effect of affective commitment on employee performance. The covered population in this study were all employees (including managers, supervisors, and functional staff) who worked in the stone milling companies in Central Java, Indonesia. Data obtained in this study were processed statistically employing structural equation modeling (SEM) with the SmartPLS 3 software package. Based on the data analysis results on 103 respondents, this study concluded that POS had a significant effect on affective commitment and employee performance as well as transformational leadership on affective commitment and employee performance. Furthermore, affective commitment also had a significant effect on employee performance. Thus, the results of this study, theoretically and practically, can be used by all parties concerned to improve employee performance and maintain a sustainable competitive advantage.