철도, 항공 및 기계구조물등의 많은 설계문제에서는 반복하중의 영향을 받기 때문에 제조와 품질제어 공정에서 특히, 반복하중의 영향이 심한 구조부품의 피로균열에 대한 연구가 충분히 선행되어야 한다. Paris법칙에서 응력확대계수범위 .DELTA.K에 10%오차를 수반하면 피로수명 N에는 50%정도의 오차를 초래할 만큼 민감도가 매우 크다. 그러나, 선형탄성파괴역학에 근거한 p-version 유한요소법은 응력확대계수를 산정하는데 있어서 종래의 h-version 유한요소법에 비해 훨씬 적합함이 증명되고 있다. 제안된 해석법의 효율성을 입증하기 위해 철도차량의 연결접합부에 있는 T-joint부위의 피로균열해석과 원공이 있는 유한판의 원공주위에서 발생되는 균열해석이 수행되었다.

Fatigue life and penetration behavior were examined analytically by variety of initial front face crack length and initial crack depth. The fatigue crack shape before penetration is almost semielliptical, and the aspect ratio by calculation using the Newman-Raju's formula is smaller than the value obtained by the experiment. It is found that the crack growth behavior on the back surface after penetration is unique and can be divided into three stage a, b and c. By using the K value proposed by the authors, particular crack growth behavior and the change in crack shape can be evaluated quantitatively. It is found that fatigue life and penetration behavior were more dependent on initial front face crack length than initial crack depth.

In this study, corrosion fatigue test of SAPH45 steel was performed by the use of plane bending fatigue tester in marine environment and investigated fracture surface growth behavior of base metal and heat affected zone corrosion fatigue. The main results obtained are as follows: 1) Fracture surface growth of heat affected zone (HAZ) is delayed more than that of base matel (BM), and they tend to faster in seawater than in air. 2) Corrosion sensitivity to corrosion fatigue life of HAZ is more susceptible than that of BM. 3)In the case of the corner crack by corrosion fatigue, the correlation between the propagation rate of fracture surface area(dA/dN) and stress intensity factor range(ΔK) for SAPH45 are applied to Paris rule as follows: dA/dN=C(ΔK) super(m) where m is the slope of the correlation, and is about 6.60-6.95 in air and about 6.33-6.41 in seawater respectively.

The SMC composite, now being considered in certain structural applications, is anticipated to experience repeated loading during service. Thus, understanding of the fatigue behavior is essential in proper use of the composite material. In this paper, using the SMC composite composed of E-glass chopped strand and unsaturated polyester resin three point bending fatigue tests are carried out to investigate the fatigue crack propagating behavior under various cyclic stresses and fatigue damage of various microcrack forms. The following results are obtained from this study; 1) Most of the total fatigue life of the SMC composite is consumed at the initial extension or the growth of the macroscopic crack. 2) A Paris' type power-law relationship between the crack propagation rate and stress intensity factor range is obtained, and the value of material constant m is much higher (m=9~11)than that of other metals. 3) In case of high cyclic stress the fatigue damage show high microcrack density and short crack length, but in case of low cyclic stress does it vice versa. 4) Fatigue damage is characterized by microcrack density, crack length and distribution of crack orientation.

Recently, with the tendency of more lightening, high-strength and high-speed in the marine industries such as marine structures, ships and chemical plants, the use of the aluminium Alloy is rapidly enlarge and there occurs much interest in the study of corrosion fatigue crack characteristics. In this paper, the initiation of surface crack and the propagation characteristics on the base metal and weld zone of 5086-H116 Aluminium Alloy Plate which is one of the Al-Mg serious alloy(A5000serious) used most when building the special vessels, were investigated by the plane bending corrosion fatigue under the environments of marine, air and applying cathodic protection. The effects of various specific resistances on the initiation, propagation behavior of corrosion fatigue crack and corrosion fatigue life in the base metal and heat affected zone were examined and its corrosion sensitivity was quantitatively obtained. The effects of corrosion on the crack depth in relation to the uniform surface crack length were also investigated. Also, the structural, mechanical and electro-chemical characteristics of the metal at the weld zone were inspected to verify the reasons of crack propagation behavior in the corrosion fatigue fracture. In addition, the effect of cathodic protection in the fracture surface of weld zone was examined fractographically by Scanning Electron Microscope(S.E.M.). The main results obtained are as follows; (1) The initial corrosion fatigue crack sensitibity under specific resistance of 25Ω.cm% show 2.22 in the base metal and 19.6 in the HEZ, and the sensitivity decreases as specific resistance increases (2) By removing reinforcement of weldment, the initiation and propagation of corrosion crack in the HAZ are delayed, and corrosion fatigue life increases. (3) As specific resistance decreases, the sensitivity difference of corrosion fatigue life in the base metal and HAZ is more susceptible than that of intial corrosion fatigue crack. (4) Experimental constant, m(Paris' rule) in the marine environment is in the range of about 3.69 to 4.26, and as specific resistance increases, thje magnitude of experimental constant, also increases and the effect by corrosion decreases. (5) Comparing surface crack length with crack depth, the crack depth toward the thickness of specimen in air is more deeply propagated than that in corrosion environment. (6) The propagation particulars of corrosion fatigue crack for HAZ under initial stress intensity factor range of δk sub(li) =27.2kgf.mm super(-3/2) and stress ratio of R=0 shows the retardative phenomenon of crack propagation by the plastic deformation at crack tip. (7) Number of stress cycles to corrosion fatigue crack initiation of the base metal and the welding heat affected zone are delayed by the cathodic protection under the natural sea water. The cathodic protection effect for corrosion fatigue crack initiation is eminent when the protection potential is -1100 mV(SCE). (8) When the protection potential E=-1100 mV(SCE), the corrosion fatigue crack propagation of welding heat affected zone is more rapid than that of the case without protection, because of the microfissure caused by welding heat cycle.

Recently with the rapid development in marine and shipbuilding industries such as marine structures, ships and chemical plants, it takes much interest in the study of corrosion fatigue characteristics that was close up an important role in mechanical design. In this study, characteristics of corner crack propagation on the base metal and heat affected zone of 5086 Al-Alloy was tested by using of a rotary bending fatigue tester and was investigated under the environments of specific resistance, σ=25Ω cm and air. The corrosion fatigue crack initiation and corrosion fatigue life sensitivity were quantitatively inspected for 5086 Al-Alloy in the specific resistance, σ=25Ω cm. Main results obtained are as follows: (1) The corrosion sensitivity of heat affected zone under specific resistance, σ=25Ωcm shows approximately 1.69~2.22 and corrosion sensitivity of base metal is more susceptible than that of heat affected zone. (2) The corrosion fatigue life sensitivity on heat affected zone decreases eminently than that of initial corrosion fatigue crack. (3) The characteristics of quarter elliptical corner crack propagation shows that depth crack is more grown than surface crack at crack initiation, but the surface crack is more propagated than depth crack as the crack propagation is increased. (4) The surface crack and depth crack growth on heat affected zone by softness show delayed phenomenon than that of base metal.

평면 굽힘부식피로 시험기를 사용하여 선박용 알루미늄합금재의 부식피로파양에 관한 연구를 한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 비저항이 증가함에 따라서 초기 부식피로균열발생까지의 반복회수는 지연되고, 그 부식감수성은 감소하는 양상을 나타낸다. 2. 비저항이 감소할수록 Paris rule의 실험상수 m 값은 작아지면서 응력강도 계수값에 비해 부식에 의한 영향이 더욱 민감해 진다. 3. 알루미늄 5086 합금의 부식피로균열은 입계균열파양의 양상을 보이고 있다. 4. 응력강도계수값이 증가함에 따라 부식감수성은 감소되어지고 응력강도계수값이 40kg.mm super(-3/2) 이상일 때 부식감수성은 거의 균일하게 된다.

본 연구에서는 피로파괴에 영향을 주는 여러 인자중에서 우선 피로크랙전파에 대한 시험편 두께의 영향을 검토하기 위하여 최초 두께 25mm인 일반구조용 압연강재를 평면가공하여 두께 5, 10, 15, 20, 25mm인 CT 시험편을 가공한 후 인장-인장편진반 복피로시험을 행하여 실험한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 피로수명이 가장 짧게 나타나는 임의의 시험편 두께가 존재하며, 본 실험의 경우에는 두께 15m인 시험편의 경우 피로수명이 가장 짧게 나타났다. 2. 피로크랙의 발생은 두께가 두꺼운 시험편의 경우가 늦지만 피로크랙 성장은 두꺼운 시험편의 경우가 빠르게 나타났다. 3. 본 실험에서 paris시의 계수 m의 값은 절위는 1.98~4.59로서 시험편의 두께가 두꺼울수록 m의 값이 크게 된다.(이 논문의 결론부분임)

Si-Cr계 내열강 SUH3와 Cr-Ni계 stainless강 SUS 303 및 이들이 마찰용접재 SUH3-SUS303을 1,060℃에서 용체화처리하고 다시 700℃에서 10, 100시간 시효열처리한 각 시험편의 고온 피로강도에 대한 시효열처리의 효과를 알기 위하여 700℃에서 고온 회전굽힘 피로시험을 하고 파약거동을 미시적으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) SUH3재와 SUS303재의 최적마찰용접조건은 회전수 2420rpm, 마찰가압력 8kg/mm2, 전 upset량 7mm(마찰가압시간 3sec, upset시간 2sec)이었다. 2) 700℃ 고온에서 장시간 이루어지는 고온피로시험에 있어, 용체화처리재의 S-N 곡선 경사부의 기울기가 가장 급하게 나타났다. 3) SUH3-SUS303 마찰용접재는 1,060℃에서 1시간용체화 처리하고, 700℃에서 시효처리하는 경우 최적시효시간은 10시간이었다. 4) 10시간 시료재의 고온피로한도는 모재보다 SUH3은 75.4%, SUS303은 28.5% 높았으며, 용접재 SUH3-SUS303은 44.2% 정도 높았다. 100시간 시효재는 모재보다 SUH3은 64.91% SUS303은 30.4% 높았으며, SUH3-SUS303은 30.4% 높았으며, SUH3-SUS303은 36.6% 높았다. 5) 마찰용접재의 상온 및 고온의 피로파단은 모두 SUS303의 모재측에 발생하였으며, 용접면에서의 파단은 전혀 없었다. 6) SUS303재와 마찰용접재 SUH3-SUS303재의 크랙은 입내파양형이었으나 SUH3은 입계크랙의 전파로 파양한다.

원자력발전소에 지진격리장치를 설치하면 지진에 의한 하중을 지진격리장치가 담당하면서 설치 전보다 큰 변위가 발생하게 될 것으로 예상되며, 변위증가에 따라 일부 설비의 지진리스크가 증가될 가능성이 있다. 특히 지진격리된 구조물과 일반 구조물을 연결하는 설비인 배관 시스템의 경우 지진리스크가 크게 증가될 것으로 예상된다. 본 연구에서는 원자력발전소 배관 시스템의 취약부위인 강재 배관 Tee의 한계상태를 누수로 정의하고 면내반복가력시험을 수행하였다. 강재 배관 Tee의 모멘트와 변형각은 기존의 센서를 이용한 계측이 어려우므로 이미지 신호를 이용하여 측정하였다. 본 연구에서는 3인치 강재 배관 Tee의 모멘트와 변형각의 관계를 이용한 누수 선도 및 저주기 피로 곡선들을 제시하였다.

In this study, fatigue cracks in welled joints of gusset plate at the lower flange of the plate girder bridge, field measurements were carried out and their test results were analyzed. Results obtained are summarized as follows. The proposed the reliability of the reinforcement effect by comparing the maximum stress value with the limit of the fatigue detailed category E.

프리캐스트 바닥판 공법은 바닥판간 이음부가 존재하며, 이음부의 연결성능에 따라 전체 교량 구조물의 성능이 좌우되므로 이음부의 연결성능 확보가 중요한 요소이다. 특히, 교량바닥판은 차량하중과 같은 반복하중을 받는 구조물이므로 피로하중에 대한 이음부의 거동 및 성능평가가 이루어져야 한다. 본 연구에서는 비대칭 요철형 루프이음을 적용한 2거더 연속합성형 교량을 제작하여 정적 및 200만회 반복하중의 피로실험을 통해 프리캐스트 바닥판의 구조적 거동 및 균열양상을 검토하였다. 실험결과, 제안된 프리캐스트 바닥판 연결시스템은 균열 폭, 누수, 인장철근의 응력 등 충분한 피로성능 및 파괴강도를 확보하는 것으로 나타났으며, 프리캐스트 바닥판 이음부에 효과적으로 적용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

Purpose: The possibility of interaction between physical and mental fatigues was investigated in this study. Should any interaction between the physical and psychological fatigue takes place, it must accompany the changes in the brain. Therefore, the level of central activation ratio (central fatigue) has been measured as a function of monetary reward to elicit the extrinsic motivation. Methods: Twenty four healthy young male subjects performed quadriceps isotonic extensions until they experience the muscular fatigue. Then, the notification of the monetary reward depending on the level of extension force for the next 3 attempts were given to the experimental group, while no such information was given to the control group. During these post-fatigue isometric maximum voluntary contraction trials, the transcranial magnetic stimulation was delivered on the motor cortex to measure the central activation ratio. Two-way repeated ANOVA were performed. Results: Pre- vs. Post-fatigue comparisons confirmed that the subjects regardless of the group experienced the peripheral fatigue although the level of peripheral fatigue was less pronounced in the group with extrinsic motivation. On the other hand, the central activation ratio of the extrinsic motivation group did not displayed any decrease as the control group did. Conclusion: The results from this study provided an evidence showing the effects of motivation on the muscular fatigue. What’s intriguing is, however, the level of fatigue at the brain level showed no significant sign of fatigue when the monetary reward was suggested. It is presumable to suggest that the high motivation made our subjects prone to the central fatigue, and such effects might have decrease the peripheral muscle fatigue in turn.

Astragalus membranaceus is a well known oriental medicinal herb. The polysaccharides of the aboveground parts (AMA) and the radix (AMR) of A. membranaceus are the most important functional constituents. Methods and Results: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of AMA and AMR on the oxidative damage induced in the skeletal muscle of rats subjected to exhaustive exercise. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into exercise and non-exercise groups; in the groups receiving the test compounds, AMA and AMR were administered orally for 30 days. Skeletal muscle samples were collected from each rat after running to exhaustion on a treadmill to determine the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) and the concentation of malondialdehyde (MDA). The antioxidant enzyme activities of SOD and GSH-Px of skeletal muscle of AMA- and AMR-treated groups were significantly higher than those of the control and commercial sports drink (SPD)-treated groups in exhaustive exercise rats. In addition, MDA concentrations in the skeletal muscle of the AMA- and AMR-treated groups were significantly lower than those of the control and SPD-treated groups. In the present study, the effects of AMA and AMR on exercise endurance capacity were also evaluated in mice subjected to a swimming exercise test. AMA and AMR supplementation prolonged the swimming time of mice and enhanced exercise endurance capacity. AMA and AMR possess the ability to retard and lower the production of blood lactate, and prevent the decrease of serum blood glucose. Conclusions: These results showed that, AMR and AMA exerted beneficial effect in mice, increasing the activity of the antioxidant systems and inhibiting oxidative stress induced by exhaustive exercise. The compounds improved exercise performance and showed anti-fatigue effects against exhaustive exercise.

In this study, the fatigue behavior of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with prestressed NSM CFRP tendons. One of test objectives is to find out strengthening effect with concrete strength 20MPa, 40MPa. As a result of the study, the fatigue behavior of the concrete beams strengthened with prestressed NSM CFRP tendons were considered to be good.

A fatigue crack occurred in the vicinity of the suspension bridge`s center-stay area is generated. Therefore, the stress and caused of occurrence of each member are analyzed by measurement. When similar cases occur in the future, they shall be utilized as basic data such as research methods and establishment of measures for maintenance.

대형 용접 구조물에 대한 피로설계 수명의 예측은 일반적으로 Palmgren Miner과 등가손상도 방법 또는 선형누적손상도 방법을 사용한다. 또한 용접 구조물에서 피로 균열이 발생되면 잔존 수명은 S-N 곡선과 선형 파괴역학에 기초하여 예측되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 면외거 셋 용접이음의 3차원 피로균열 진전거동과 피로수명을 예측하기 위하여 피로 시험을 실시하였다. 면외거셋 용접이음의 3차원 피로균열진전 해석은 NX NASTRAN 및 FRANC3D를 이용하여 유한요소 해석을 실시하였다. 면외거셋 용접이음의 균열 형상비, 초기균열 크기 및 응력비에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 피로균열진전 해석을 실시하였다. 또한 초기균열크기, 균열 형상비와 응력비의 변화에 따른 3차원 피로균열진 전 해석 결과와 피로시험결과를 비교하였다. 피로균열진전 해석결과, 피로균열 진전속도와 응력확대계수와의 관계에서 피로시험과 유사하게 나타남을 확인하였으며, 면외거셋 용접이음의 피로수명을 추정할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

본 연구에서는 연성을 형광체 층이 가질 수 있다면 외부의 기계적 외력에 대하여 장기간 안정성을 확보 할 수 있을 것으로 기대하였다. 이에 본 연구에서는 스크린 프린팅 공법을 통하여 유연한 Gd2O2S:Tb 증감 지를 제작하였고 장기적인 외력에 의한 피로누적과 반복적인 외력에 의한 피로누적에 따른 영향을 고찰하 고자 RMS 분석과 히스토그램을 분석을 통하여 영상 균일도를 평가하였다. 연구 결과, 지속적인 외력에 대 하여는 지배적인 픽셀 영역이 일정하게 유지되면서 RSD가 10% 이내를 만족하였으나, 반복적인 외력의 경우 지배적인 픽셀 영역이 3 영역으로 분할되며 영상 균일도에 악영향을 미치며 RSD가 10% 이상으로 증가 하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 기존 방사선증감지에 대비하여 기계적 안정성을 확보함으 로써 곡면 검출기의 적용 가능성을 제시하였으나 아직까지 플렉시블 검출기에 적용하기 위해서는 추가적 인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 이러한 결과 유연성을 가진 방사선 증감지는 다양한 곡면에 적용이 가 능하므로 향후 핵의학, 치료용, 산업 분야 등과 같은 다양한 분야에 적용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

The refraction expansion joints have been newly developed by complementing the problems of shock, noise, replaceability, displacement in the direction perpendicular to bridge, vertical difference, which are problems of existing expansion joints. The Refraction expansion joints are characterized by continuous surfaces with small impact and low noise. The behavior of the Refraction expansion joints performs the bridge expansion behavior by rotation of the link. In the rotational behavior of the link, the bolt is the central axis of the behavior. Therefore, it can be said that the durability of the bolt is very important. However, the theoretical and experimental verification of the bolt durability of the Refraction expansion joint is lacking. In this paper, to verify the fatigue durability of the bolt, test specimens with a 300 mm Refraction expansion joint were fabricated. A strain gauge dedicated to the bolt was installed inside the manufactured test specimen bolt. The test method was applied in accordance with KS F 4425. The fatigue durability of the bolts assembled inside the diaphragm expansion joint was confirmed by the repeated fatigue test of 2,000,000 cycles.