본 연구에서는 초등학생의 외국인 혐오증에 가정요인이 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 경기도 지역에 거주하는 초등학교 6학년 학생을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 총 1,878명의 응답을 분석에 포함시켰으며, 외국인 혐오증 척도를 개발하고 다중회귀분석을 적용하여 초등학생의 가정요인이 외국인 혐오증과 어떠한 관계를 맺고 있는지를 분석하였다. 초등학생의 외국인 혐오도에는 부모 학력, 부 종교, 부모 정치성향, 부모와의 친밀도, 가족구조, 거주지, 성별이 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 외국인 혐오도는 부모와의 관계가 친밀할수록, 편부·편모·기타 가정의 학생이 양부모 가정 학생에 비해, 농어촌에 거주하는 학생이 도시에 거주하는 학생에 비해, 여학생이 남학생에 비해 더 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 부모의 학력과 부모의 정치성향은 아버지 요인과 어머니 요인에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 반면, 부직업, 모종교는 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 외국인 혐오도를 약화시키는 데 부모와의 관계가 중요하다는 것을 밝혀주고 있으며, 아울러 외국인 혐오증 개념이 우리나라에서 주된 연구 주제가 되고 있는 다문화 수용성과는 차별화된 학술적, 정책적 가치를 지니고 있음을 부각시켰다는 점에서도 그 의의를 찾아볼 수 있다.

We report on a unique case of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the cecum, which presented as a subepithelial tumor. A 62- year-old woman with abdominal pain underwent a colonoscopy, resulting in detection of a subepithelial tumor measuring 2 cm in the cecum. We performed a right hemicolectomy with diagnostic and curative intent; histological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the resected tumor indicated a diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The patient achieved complete remission with combination chemotherapy.

Primary adenocarcinoma is a rare neoplasm of the urinary bladder, constituting approximately 2.5% of all primary bladder malignancies. Signet ring cell variant is even rarer, constituting approximately 0.5% to 2.0% of all primary carcinoma of the urinary bladder. However, glandular differentiation in the urinary bladder is relatively more common than primary adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder. Therefore, diagnosis of primary adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder can be very challenging, but of significant clinical importance. We report on a case of adenocarcinoma with mucinous and signet ring cell differentiation in the bladder dome in a 49-year-old female.

Amyloidosis is a disease caused by extracellular deposition of the fibrous protein amyloid in one or more sites of the body, leading to organ dysfunction and death. Its causes and pathogenesis are variable, with common histopathologic features. Amyloidosisis a rare disease, and usually present in the heart and frequently in the gastrointestinal tract, skin but is rarely encountered in lymph nodes. Amyloidosis in Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia (WM) is exclusively due to amyloid lightchain deposition. Only a few case of amyloidosis in WM have been reported. We report on one case that occurred independently of with Primary amyloidosis which involved only multiple lymphadenopathy and waldenstrom’s microglobulinemia involving bone marrow.

A 72-year-old female patient was admitted to our hospital with a rapidly growing left eyelid mass. Other ocular findings were normal. Excision biopsy and a cytological study were performed. Histopathology of the excised tissue showed malignant cells in extracellular lumens and glands with prominent micronuclei and mitotic figures. The tissue was also strongly positive for cytokeratin. As a result, of these fingings primary eyelid hidradenocarcinoma was diagnosed. This case demonstrates that hidradenocarcinoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of primary eyelid tumors.

본 논문에서는 현재 국내에서 개발 중인 NDGPS 기준국을 활용한 의사위성 기반 광역보정시스템의 주요 알고리즘 및 성과에 대해서 설명한다. 광역보정시스템은 지상의 기준국 네트워크를 활용하여 전 국토에 적용 가능한 위성 및 전리층 지연 오차의 보정정보 및 무결성 정보를 생성하여 서비스 지역 내의 모든 사용자에 균일한 수준의 보강 서비스를 제공하는 시스템이다. 본 연구에서는 광역보정시스템의 지상 시스템을 개발하고 이의 성능을 지상에 설치된 의사위성을 활용하여 검증할 계획이다. 또한 2014년부터는 위성기반 광역보정시스템 (SBAS)의 개발이 시작될 예정이고, 본 연구에서 개발된 연구 결과들이 직 간접적으로 활용되어 연구개발이 이루어질 예정이다.

본 연구는 초등학교 태권도 수련생의 심리환경요인에 따른 심리욕구 및 만족의 관계를 규명하는데 목적이있다. 연구대상은 전라북도 J시에 소재한 태권도 수련생 중 초등학교 4, 5, 6학년을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 설문지는 총370부 자료를 사용하여 자료처리는 빈도분석, 요인분석, 신뢰도분석, 상관관계분석 및 다중회귀분석을 실시하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 심리환경요인의 하위요인 중 지도자와 부모님( p<.001), 학교친구( p<.05)는 심리욕구의 유능성에 유의한 영향을 미치며, 수련동료와 지도자( p<.001),부모님( p<.01), 학교친구( p<.05)는 심리욕구의 자율성에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 심리환경요인의 하위요인 중 수련동료, 지도자, 학교친구( p<.001)는 만족에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 심리환경요인의 하위요인 중 자율성( p<.001)은 만족에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

Today’s fundamental purpose of environmental education is to fulfill people’s desire of living in a pleasant environment and at the same time promoting individualistic and collective environmentally friendly behaviors. In order to achieve these purposes, it is very important that each person holds an environmentally friendly mind that constantly tries to preserve and protect the environment which should be acquired through experiencing the importance of the environment. In order to increases the sense of attachment of people and the natural environment, the direction of environmental education should carry out education on environment related knowledge and the condition of environment damage side by side. The direction of environmental education should consider the cultivating student’s awareness for active participation on matters related to the environment and to change their behaviors towards the environment. This study has tested the effect of reflective writing activities about the environment on the environmental sensitivity and willingness to act of 5th grade primary school students. For the sole purpose of this study, 70 students out of 141 5th graders of M Primary School were divided as the experimental group, and another 71 students were divided as the control group. The experimental group participated in 10 activities in where they were asked to express their thoughts and feelings in writing regarding 10 environmental problems occurring near the M Primary School. The control group participated in 10 environmental education lectures focusing on the lecturer. The results were as following. First, the reflective writing activities about the environment were effective in the environmental sensitivity of primary school students. Second, the reflective writing activities about the environment can affect the environmental willingness to act of primary school students. Third, there was a statistically significant correlation between environmental sensitivity and environmental willingness to act.

본 연구는 초등학교 체육교육현장에서 아동의 욕구를 진단하고 분석하기 위한 기본적 심리욕구 척도를 개발하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 선행연구에서 개발된 4개의 질문지를 토대로 초등학교 체육수업과 아동의 인지에 적합하도록 통합과 수정, 예비조사의 과정을 거쳐 18문항의 질문지 초안을 완성하였다. 이를 토대로 240명의 초등학생 4, 5, 6학년을 대상으로 문항분석과 탐색적 요인분석을 거쳐 자율성 4개 문항, 유능성 4개 문항, 관계성 5개 문항 총 3요인 13문항의 문항을 추출하였다. 추출된 3요인 13문항을 토대로 초등학생 4, 5, 6학년 403명을 대상으로 확인적 요인분석을 실시하여 구조적 타당성을 검증하였다. 이후 상황적 동기척도, 체육수업에서의 사회적 요소의 변인을 나타내는 질문지와 상관분석을 실시하여 유의한 상관을 검증하였으며 이를 토대로 준거관련타당도를 검증하였다. 성별에 따른 기본적 심리욕구 요인의 잠재평균 차이를 분석한 결과 남학생과 여학생은 체육수업상황에서 자율성, 유능성, 관계성의 욕구에 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다.

요인분석은 시스템이나 현상에 대한 정보를 하고 관련 자료를 축약하는데 사용되는 다변량 분석기법의 하나이다. 이 기법은 변수들을 통계적 특성을 고려하여 몇 개의 요인들로 그룹화하고 분석결과는 중요도가 상대적으로 낮은 변수를 제거하는데 이용이 된다. 본 연구에서는 요인분석을 한강수계의 댐 군 연계운영에 대한 영향요인 추출에 적용하였다. 한강 수계에는 소양강댐, 충주댐과 같은 2개의 다목적 댐이 있으며, 이들은 이수기에 연계 운영되어 하류로 용수를 공급하고

본 연구는 자궁근종 성장에 관한 분자생물학적인 기전의 이해를 위해 자궁근종 및 정상 자궁근세포의 초기 배양방법을 확립하기 위해 실시하였다. 이를 위해 최종적으로 두 가지 세포 배양 방법이 확립되었다. 그리고 안정적으로 연구(특히, 여성호르몬에 대한 반응 연구)에 사용할 수 있는 가장 적합한 세포 배양 방법이 모색되었다. 두 가지 세포 배양 조건 중 두 번째 방법(method 2)이 안정적으로 세포의 반응을 연구하는데 더 나은 방법으로 결론 내려졌고, 여

In the present study we studied the growth, photosynthetic traits and protective mechanisms against oxidative stress in the primary loaves of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings with or without UV-B treatment. Cucumber seedings were irradiated with UV-B for 10 days in environment-controlled growth chambers. The primary leaves irradiated with UV-B showed reduction in leaf length and decreased biomass production. The reduced biomass production seemed to be due to a negative effect of UV-B radiation on the photosynthetic process. Changes in chemical properties of leaf, such as chi a/b ratio affected photosynthesis. UV-B significantly affected chl b content compared with chi a in the light harvesting complex resulting reduced photosynthetic activity Fv/Fm decreased with an UV-B stress, suggesting that the photosynthetic apparatus, and particularly, PS II was damaged under UV-B stress. Malondialdehyde(MDA) concentration which represents the state of membrane lipid peroxidation Increased significantly under UV-B stress confirming an oxidative stress. UV-B exposure with SA solution(0.1-1.0 mM) can partially ameliorated some of the detrimental effects of UV-B stress. Leaf injuries including loss of chlorophyll and decreased ratio of Fv/Fm were reduced with combined application of UV-B and SA. ABA and JA showed similar mode of action in physiological effects on photosynthetic activities though the levels were lower than those from SA treated plants. Chloroplast ultrastructure was also affected by UV-B exposure. The thickness of leaf tissue components decreased and the number of grana and thylakoids was reduced in chloroplast applied UV-B or SA alone. At combined stress granal and stromal thylakoids were less affected. The leaves under combined stress acquired a significant tolerance to oxidative stress. From these results, it can be suggested that SA may have involved a protective role against UV-B induced oxidative damage.

This design proposal was made for the school forest plan of Samdeok Primary School and which goals were to realize the programs of making the school forest and removing the school wall. The results of developing programs could enhance the existing conditions of the school from the primary educational state to the sustain-able and friendly nature state.The site is located at 361 Samdeok-3ga, Jung-gu, Daegu and which is about 15,150㎡ and divided into 2 parts of design site of 150m in length, 15m in width respectively. The client suggested some guidelines to develop spaces of environmentally and educationally-friendliness without reducing athletic area. The design concepts are divided into 4 thematic activities such as Open Education, Outdoor Music Activity, Ecological Educational Activity and Social Interrelated Activity. The master plan has two seperated areas which are the main gate area and the back side of the school. The basic plan of the main gate area is characterized by the school forest which has Pine Tree Forest, Rock Shelter, Forest with Pictures and Books, Wild Flower Bed, Gravel Road, Outdoor Music Theater, Forest with Poets and Music, Monumental Sculptures. The back side area has also many various design components such as Decorated Seating Wall with Tree Shades and Bird Nests, Street Mini Park, Small Pond, Shaded Trees and Hedges. This project was constructed from May to June, 2005 as the first year budget of the school. But the limited budget cut down and reduced many parts of the whole design and that is the main problem of this project. The school could solve this problem gaining many kinds of funds from the various sources such as Deagu Metropolitan Office of Education and The P.T.A etc.

본 연구의 목적은 양파추출물의 간보호 및 항산화 효과를 조사하기 위함이다. 간 손상을 유발시키는 t-BHP (1.5 mM) 존재하에 간세포를 0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1 및 0.3 mg/ml의 다양한 농도의 양파추출물로 1시간 동안 일차배양하였다. t-BHP는 GOT와 LDH 활성 및 TBARS 농도를 증가시켰으며 MTT값은 감소시켰다. 0.05 mg/ml 농도의 양파추출물 첨가는 t-BHP에 의해 증가된 GOT 및 LDH 활성을 감소시켰으며 0.1 mg/ml 농도의 양파추출물은 t-BHP에 의해 감소된 MTT 값을 증가시켰다. 또한 0.01 mg/ml 농도의 양파추출물 첨가는 t-BHP에 의해 증가된 TBARS 농도를 감소시켜 양파추출물이 t-BHP에 의해 유발된 간손상과 지질과산화를 억제시켰다. t-BHP 처리는 간세포의 catalase, GSH-Px 및 GSH-Rd 활성을 현저히 감소시켰다. 그러나 0.1 mg/ml 농도의 양파추출물 첨가는 t-BHP에 의해 감소된 catalase GSH-Px 및 GSH-Rd 활성을 증가시켰으며 특히 catalase 활성은 t-BHP 무첨가군 수준까지 증가시켰다. 또한 hydroxyl radical을 생성하는 Fenton 시약의 존재하에 plasmid DNA를 양파추출물과 함께 배양한 결과 양파추출물은 농도 의존적으로 hydroxyl radical에 의해 유도된 single-strand 절단을 억제하였다. 이상과 같이 간세포 일차배양에서 양파추출물은 t-BHP에 의해 유발된 간독성, 간세포 생존율 감소, 지질과산화를 농도 의존적으로 억제시켰고 또한 t-BHP에 의해 억제된 GSH-Px, GSH-Rd 및 catalase의 활성을 증가시켰다. 이와 같이 양파추출물의 간보호 및 항산화 효과는 항산화 효소 특히 catalase의 활성 증가와 hydroxyl radical에 의해 유도된 산화억제 및 이에 따른 지질과산화 억제에 기인하는 것으로 사료된다.

The objectives of present study were to investigate the effects of benzo[a]pyrene(BaP) on cytotoxicity, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in rat hepatocyte primary culture. Primary cultures of rat hepatocytes were incubated for 24 hr, 48 hr or 72 hr in the presence of various concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30, 50 or 100 μM) of BaP. Cytotoxicity and cell viability were determined by measuring glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) activity, lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) activity and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide(MTT) value. Lipid peroxidation was evaluated using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) assay. Effects on antioxidant system were determined by measuring glutathione peroxidase(GPx) activity, glutathione reductase(GR) activity and glutathione concentration. Activities of GOT and LDH, MTT value as well as TBARS concentration were not affected by up to 100 μM of BaP for 24 hr incubation. However, BaP at the concentration of 50 μM for 48 hr incubation or at the concentration of 30 μM for 72 hr incubation began to increase LDH activity and TBARS concentration but decrease MTT value, representing that BaP caused cytotoxicity and decreased cell viability in dose- and time-dependent manners. GPx activity began to be decreased by BaP at the concentration of 50 μM for 72 hr incubation. Whereas, GR activity began to be decreased by BaP at the concentration of 20 μM for 72 hr incubation. Glutathione concentration began to be decreased by BaP at the concentration of 20 μM for 72 hr incubation and was further reduced to 90% by 100 μM of BaP. These results demonstrate that BaP caused cytoctoxicity and decreased cell viability by increasing lipid peroxidation and decreasing glutathione concentration as well as activities of GPx and GR.

Research has been in progress for more than a decade to production of useful proteins by genetic modification in cattle. However, the levels of protein production in transgenic cattle have been reported very low. To enhance protein production in transgenic animal, we tried homologous recombination to donor cells for production of transgenic clone cattle through nuclear transfer procedure. Thus, we constructed the two targeting vectors of human thrombopoietin (TPO) at bovine -casein locus using homologous recombination with 13.6 kb and 9.6 kb homology. In two targeting vectors, positive selection was through the neomycin resistance gene and negative selection was by the diphtheria toxin (DT). Gene targeting was attempted in bovine embryonic fibroblasts (bEF) and bovine ear skin fibroblasts (bESF). To determine the most appropriate concentration of neomycin for bEF and bESF, G4l8 resistance was confirmed by culturing the cells in various concentrations of the drug and both of the cells were optimally selected at of neomycin. The transfected bEF and bESF by the targeting vectors were colonized efficiently at the ratio of DNA to transfection reagent such as :2 and :. Comparing number of healthy clones from passage 4 to passage 8, bESF (17%) persist in culture for much longer than bEF (6%). The two gene-targeted bESF clones of 30 random-integrated clones with 9.6 kb homology length were confirmed, however, nothing was out of 72 random integration clones with 13.6 kb homology length, The DT also worked more efficiently in clones transfected with the vector of 9.6 kb homology length. Our data suggests that the choice of donor cell for long culture period should be considered to obtain targeted cell clone, and the gene-targeting frequency and the DT working efficiency are dependent on the length of target homology.

Transition of the resting primordial follicle to the growing primary follicle is a critical process for female reproduction, but its mechanism is poorly understood. The present study was conducted to investigate gene expression profile at the primordial-primary follicle transition process. We isolated total RNA of female mouse ovary at day1 (contains only primordial follicles) and day5 (contains primordial and primary follicles) and synthesized cDNA using annealing control primers (ACP; Seegene, Inc., Seoul, Korea). ACP provides annealing specificity and sensitivity to the template and allows to identify only authentic differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We used total 80 ACPs for PCR, observed PCR products on 2% agarose gel, cloned 42 DEGs using TOPO TA cloning vector, sequenced, and analyzed by BLAST search. Sequences of 34 clones significantly matched database entries while 4 clones were novel and 4 clones were EST. Two of 34 genes were specifically expressed only in day 5 ovaries (Sui1-rs1, Apg3p/Aut1p-like), and rest of 32 genes were expressed in both stages but were differential in amount. Differential expression was confirmed using semiquantitative RT-PCR, and there was no false positive. Anx11 and Pepp2-pending were highly expressed genes in day1-, while BPOZ, Ches1, Kcmf1, NHE3, Nid2, Ninj1, SENP3 and Survivin were highly expressed genes in day5-ovary. List of genes would provide insight for further study of mechanism regulating primordial-primary follicle transition.