염해는 구조물 열화의 원인이 되는 주요인자 중의 하나이다. 고속도로 교량에 있어서 제설제는 동결작용으로 인한 표면 스켈링을 매우 증가시킨다. 열화된 콘크리트는 염해환경에서 내구성이 저하된다. 본 연구에서는 147개 교량의 진단보고서를 조사하고 21개 교량 바닥판의 코어샘플에 대하여 실험과 분석을 실시하였다. 시험결과는 콘크리트 바닥판의 피복두께는 공용수명 30년 이상을 사용하려면 8cm이상이 필요하다는 것을 보여준다.

육포에 대한 염성분의 침투정도를 알고자 침지온도, 침지액의 농도 그리고 시간에 대한 염침투량을 조사하였다. 시간의 변화에 따른 소금의 확산량은 침지 2시간 내에 평형농도의 이상으로 급격히 증가하다가 그이후에 증가 폭이 둔화 되는 것으로 나타났고, 침지액의 염농도와 침지 시간은 증가할수록 확산량도 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 조미 침지 육포의 건조 시간에 따른 수분감소 정도는 열풍건조가 가장 크고 냉풍건조 그리고 천일건조의 순으로 나타났으며, 수분

프랙탈 이송확산방정식은 정수 차수의 미분연산자로 구성된 고전적인 이송확산방정식과 비교하여 프랙탈 차수의 미분연산자로 구성된 보다 상위개념의 방정식으로써 정의된다. 지금까지의 프랙탈 이송확산방정식은 추계학적인 기법을 동원하여 푸리에-라플라스 공간에서 주로 해석되었으나, 본 연구에서는 실제 공간에서 유한차분개념을 도입하여 보다 직접적으로 하천에서의 오염물 이송확산에 관한 지배방정식을 유도하였다. 이러한 개념의 유도방법은 프랙탈 차수 및 관련 확산계수의 물리

The film coated snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seeds with five different coating materials treated with 3% increase in seed weight were planted at sandy loam soil controlled moisture content of 18, 19, 20 and 21 %. The oxygen diffusion rate (ODR) was calculated from the different moisture content soil. The number of normal seedlings, seedling vigor, and seedling capability in field (seed vigor x dry matter weight) were observed at 9 days after planting and compared to the changes of ODR. The germination rate and ODR were sharply decreased simultaneously in the seeds planted at 21 % soil moisture content. Seedling emergence did not occur at all as the soil moisture content increased above 22 %. Hence this value should be considered as the threshold of soil moisture content for seedling emergence. An ODR value under 20% did not influence the percent emergence significantly. The certain difference observing in the emergence at the same ODR was not related clearly to the condition of soil. So it can be assumed that the limit of soil moisture content for the emergence of snap bean was approximately 20%. The value of 18% soil moisture content may be considered as the optimum for snap bean emergence. There was close relationship between the mean value of ODR in different soil moisture contents and the emergence. The germination rates of the seeds coated with the different materials were quite different when the seeds were planted at 21 % soil moisture. Dry weight of the seedlings from film coated seeds was decreased slightly, but the germination rates were not much different from the non-treated control under relatively higher soil moisture content (21 %). Major factor lowering emergence rate was oxygen stress while film coating act as a minor constraint for snap bean sown in excess soil moisture condition.

Turbulence greatly influence on atmospheric flow field. In the atmosphere, turbulence is represented as turbulent diffusion coefficients. To estimate turbulent diffusion coefficients in previous studies, it has been used constants or 2-level method which divides surface layer and Ekman layer. In this study, it was introduced Smagorinsky method which estimates turbulent diffusion coefficient not to divide the layer but to continue in vertical direcrtion. We simulated 3-D flow model and TKE equation applied turbulent diffusion coefficients using two methods, respectively. Then we showed the values of TKE and the condition of each term to TKE. The results of Smagorinsky method were reasonable. But the results of 2-level method were not reasonable. Therefor, it had better use Smagorinsky method to estimate turbulent diffusion coefficients. We are expected that if it is developed better TKE equation and model with study of computational method in several turbulent diffusion coefficients for reasonably turbulent diffusion, we will able to predict precise wind field and movements of air pollutants.

To investigate air quality away from the coastal urban source region, we used a hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian method which can describe the formation, transport, transformation and deposition processes in complex terrain. with inclusion of shipping sources that were considered to be important emission in the coastal urban region. The result of the Eulerian advection - diffusion prediction was quite similar to that of the Lagrangian particle diffusion prediction. It showed that pollutants emitted from piers can affect the part of inland, especially Dongrae and the coastal area. Those emitted from Sasang and Janglim industrial complexes can affect Hwamyeong and the coastal, respectively. During the daytime the concentration was low due to large deposition flux and terrain effect.

자연하천에서의 이송-확산 과정의 모의를 위하여 입자위치의 이산확률분포에 기초한 2차원 수송 모형을 개발하였다. 제안된 모형에서는 단위 시간간격동안 격자간의 질량이송을 예측하기 위하여 평균과 분산의 함수로 나타내어진 확률분포를 사용하였다. 개발된 모형은 유속, 확산계수, 단면적이 일정한 단순영역에 대하여 수치확산이 없는 해를 구하였고, 양의 확률을 만족시키는 안정조건이 성립한다면, 해석해와 다른 유한차분법과 비교하였을 때, 좋은 결과를 나타내었다. 본 모

Simulation model for diffusion of oil spill is developed. The model can perform real time simulation in the case of oil spill accident in the ocean. The model consists of three dimensional ocean circulation model and model for diffusion of oil spill. Real time flow fields which are used in the calculation of advection of oil spill are obtained in the three dimensional ocean circulation model. The model for diffusion of oil spill includes the evaporation dissolution emulsification and downward diffusion. For the verification of the model it is applied to the oil spill from the accident of Sea Prince. The results shows good agreement.

A digital image processing technique which is able to be used for getting the velocity vector distribution of a surface of the spilt oil in the ocean without contacting the flow itself. This technique is based upon the PIV(Particle Imaging Velocimetry) technique and its system mainly consists of a high sensitive camera, a CCD camera, an image grabber, and a host computer in which an image processing algorithm is adopted for velocity vector acquisition. For the acquisition of the advective velocity vector of floating matters on the ocean, a new multi-frame tracking algorithm is proposed, and for the acquisition of the diffusion velocity vector distribution of the spilt oil onto the water surface, a high sensitive gray-level cross-correlation algorithm is proposed.

A digital image processing technique which is able to be used for getting the velocity vector distribution of a surface of the spilt oil in the ocean without contacting the flow itself. This technique is based upon the PIV(Particle Imaging Velocimetry) technique and its system mainly consists of a high sensitive camera, a CCD camera, an image grabber, and a host computer in which an image processing algorithm is adopted for velocity vector acquisition. For the acquisition of the advective velocity vector of floating matters on the ocean, a new multi-frame tracking algorithm is proposed, and for the acquisition of the diffusion velocity vector distribution of the spilt oil onto the water surface, a high sensitive gray-level cross-correlation algorithm is proposed.

하상 굴착 공사는 골재 채취, 토사준설, 교량 건설 또는 하천을 횡단하여 매설하는 관로 공사 등 여러 가지 경우에 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 하상 굴착 공사 과정에서 발생하는 다량의 부유물질(SS)은 수질을 오염시키며 환경에 악영향을 미치게 된다. 본 논문에서는 현장 여건상 정교한 수치해석모형을 적용할 수 없는 경우에, 2차원 이송-확산 모형을 단순화하여 유도한 Fick 확산 모형에 의하여 부유물질의 농도를 산정하고 오탁 방지 시설 설치에 따른 부유물질

To predict diffusion and movement of air pollutants in coastal urban region a numerical simulation shoud be consider atmospheric flow field with land-sea breeze, mountain-valley wind and urban effects. In this study we used Lagrangian particle dispersion method in the atmospheric flow field of Pusan coastal region to depict diffusion and movement of the pollutants emited from particular sources and employed two grid system, one for large scale calculating region with the coarse mesh grid (CMG) and the other for the small region with the fine mesh grid (FMG). It was found that the dispersion pattern of the pollutants followed local circulation system in coastal urban area and while air pollutants exhausted from Sasang moved into Baekyang and Jang moutain, air pollutants from Janglim moved into Hwameong-dong region.

이송항에는 5차 보간다항식을 사용하는 Holly-Pressmann 기법을, 확산항에는 Hobson 등이 제안한 양해법을 사용하는 연산자 분리기법을 사용하여 1차원 이송-확산방정식의 수치모형을 제안하였다. 제안된 모형을 검정하기 위하여 일정한 유속과 종확산계수를 갖는 순간적으로 부하된 오염원의 경우와 상류단에 연속적인 오염원을 갖는 경우에 대하여 본 모형의 해를 해석해와 기존의 모형으로부터 구한 해를 비교검토하였다. Courant 수와 Peclet 수를

유형이 다른 품종들간에 기공밀도와 기체확산저항의 차이와 광합성 속도에 미치는 영향 등을 비교 검토한 바 일반적으로 Indica 품종의 기공밀도가 Japonica 품종보다 컸으나 기체확산은 작았다. Indica 품종과 Japonica 품종간의 교잡을 통하여 육성한 품종들의 기공밀도와 기체확산 저항은 중간가를 나타냈다. 기공밀도와 기체확산저항 광합성 속도 간에는 현저한 정의 상관을 보였지만 특수엽중과는 현저한 질의 상관을 보였고, 단엽면적과의 상관관계는 현저하지 않았다. Indica 품종과 Japonica품종간의 교잡을 통하여 Indica 품종의 기공밀도가 크고 기체확산저항이 낮은 특성과 Japonica 품종의 특수 엽중이 큰 특성을 결합할 수 있다면 광합성 속도를 더욱 높일 수 있으리라 추측된다.

Meteorological parameters in the atmospheric boundary layer and the vertical and horizontal dispersion parameters were determined by analyzing the data obtained by the special upper-air observations of one clear day for each season from October 1991 to August 1992. The concentration of the atmospheric pollutants over Taegu was analyzed by using the application of the Gaussian diffusion model. In the diurnal variation of diffusion of atmospheric pollutants, vertical diffusion due to turbulence is active in daytime while horizontal diffusion due to wind is active in nighttime. The mean concentration of pollutants in the side of downwind is higher during the daytime than the nighttime. Thus, the height of the mixed-layer at the nighttime considered as the most important parameter of the mean concentration of pollutants. In the seasonal variation of diffusion of atmospheric pollutants, vertical diffusion due to strong solar radiation is active in summer case day, and horizontal diffusion due to strong wind is active in winter case day. In winter case day, the mean concentration of pollutants in the side of downwind is maximum in the daytime. However, in summer case day, that is maximum in the nighttime.

Diurnal changes in leaf stomatal resistances were measured on leaf positions and both surfaces to investigate the stomatal response to irradiance in wheat, var. Chokwang and barley, var. Dongbori 1. Stomatal frequency and size were also determined to explain the control mechanism of gas exchanges in two species. The leaf diffusive resistances of two species decreased, as the sun rose, to minimum at 10 to 11 o'clock a.m. and increased gradually in the afternoon, even faster at sunset. As the adaxial irradiance increased, stomatal resistances decreased sensitively in the range of 30uEm-2 ㆍsec-1 to 150uEm-2 ㆍsec-1 quantum flux density. The stomatal opening of the abaxial surface began at lower irradiance and was completed earlier than the adaxial surface. The adaxial irradiances decreased in order of leaf position, flag, the 2nd, the 3rd leaf, and the stomatal resistances increased in the same order. Even under the same irradiance, the stomatal resistance of lower leaves were higher than those of upper leaves. The stomatal frequencies of lower leaves were less, but the stomatal size was greater than those of upper leaves. Consequently, the relative leaf area occupied by stomatal pores were constant among leaf positions in two species.