구조설계 과정에서 설계대안을 효율적으로 생성하여 평가하면서, 특히 다목적 환경 속에서 최적구조의 위상과 부재의 치수까지 동시에 결정할 수 있는 새로운 방식을 제시하고자 한다. 설계자가 설계대안을 생성하기 위해 설계자의 경험과 노하우를 체계적으로 구축해 놓고 이를 적절한 시기에 활용할 수 있게 하는 방법으로는 인공지능 기술의 하나인 사례기반 추론 기법을 사용하였다. 이와 더불어, 설계대안들 간의 효율적인 비교와 평가를 위해서 구조물의 계층적인 면을 고려한 새로운 유전적인 표현법을 개발하였다. 여기에 기존의 유전적 표현법을 변경시켜 생긴 여분의 효과와 계층적인 특징을 가지는 Structured Genetic Algorithm(StrGA)를 변형시켜서 사례기반 추론에 의해 생성된 설계대안들을 표현하였다. 일반적인 구조설계 과정에서는 구조물을 평가하는 기준이 여러 개가 존재하므로, 모든 대안들을 동시에 최적화 하는 과정에 Multicriteria Optimization for Genetic Algorithm(MOGA)를 병합하였다. 본 논문에서는 인공지능 기술을 이용하여 구조물의 위상설계를 할 수 있는 새로운 방법을 제안하여 그 유용성을 truss 설계문제에 대해 검토하였다.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the embryonic development ability and the appearance of blastocysts of bovine in vitro fertilized oocytes cultured in different culture media, and also to evaluate survival rate after thawing of frozen embryos by using 1.5 or 1.8M ethylene glycol(EG) with sucrose or trehalose. Fertilized oocytes were divided into three groups; i ) monolayer of cumulus /granulosa cell prepared by TGM 199+5% calf serum(TGM199), ii)GRlaa+5% CS, iii)SOF+5% CS, and they were cultured after insemination for 9 days, at 39˚C, under 5% in air, but SOF+5% CS was cultured at 39˚C, under 5% 02, 5% GO2, 99% N2. Blastocysts derived from GRlaa + 5% CS on day 7~8 after insemination were frozen by using 1.5M EG or 1.8M EG with/without 0.2M sucrose or O.1M trehalose. The development rate of blastocysts on day 7 after insemination in SOF+5% CS was significant higher than in TCM199 or CR1aa(P<0.05). The appearance rate of blastocysts on day 7-8 after insemination was higher than in TCM199, when fertilized oocytes were cultured in GRlas or SOF. The survival rate of frozen blastocysts after thawing tended to increase, when blastocysts were frozen by using 1.8M EG with 0.2M sucrose or O.1M trehalose. These results indicated that SOF or CRlaa media with amino acids was superior to TCM199 with monolayer in terms of blastocyst development in culturing of in vitro fertilized bovine nocytes, and sucrose or trehalose was supposed to prevent embryos from the freezing shock.

The purpose of this study is to connect the technics and form from ancient to Korea Dynast But in these period there is no buildings remains but paintings, fine arts, and stupas. In the historical materials there are many architectural form and signature revealings, so as a result these analysis, 1)The building showed in paintings of Silla, and Korea Dynasty reflect the architectural style their own Dynasty. 2)In detail, the architecture of Silla and Korea Dynasy was connected with Chinese architectur Liao, Song. But from the 8Century Koreans were succeeded the one of Silla Dynasty and had originility in architectural style. 3)The architectursl style in Silla and Korea Dynasty were very various and very rich content. And we must more serious study of historical materials so that we improve the ancient a middle age of architcture in Korea.

본 연구에서는 다양한 입력지진에 대해서 기초격리된 구조물의 내진성능 평가를 위해서 진동대실험과 유사동적실험을 수행하였다. 본 논문의 목적은 다음과 같다. 하나는 진동대실험을 통하여 강한 지진의 발생시 저층의 구조물에 대한 기초격리시스템의 내진성능을 평가하는 것이고 다음으로는 진동대실험결과와 비교하여 기초격리시스템에 대한 유사동적실험기법의 적용성 및 신뢰성을 증명하는 것이다. 진동대실험은 적층고무받침을 이용하여 기초격리된 1/4 축소모형의 3층 철골구조물의 대상으로 하였다. 유사동적실험에서는 부분구조기법을 사용하여 단지 기초격리시스템만을 대상으로 실험되며 전체구조물의 지진응답은 컴퓨터 내에서 직접적분을 이용하여 계산된다. 진동대실험결과와 비교할 때 부분구조기법을 사용한 유사동적실험은 기초격리된 구조물의 동적응답 평가에 매우 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 대부분의 하중하에서 기초격리장치가 사용된 구조물의 경우에는 지진응답이 현저히 감소하는 것을 알 수 있었으나, 장주기파의 성분이 강한 지반운동에 대해서는 감소의 폭이 크지 않았다. 그러나 여러 지반조건에 대하여 UBC 시방서에서 규정한 설계하중에 대하여는 진동감소효과가 우수함을 보인다.

The purpose of this study was to compare the integrated electromyographic activity ratios of vastus lateralis(VL); rectus femoris lateral portion (RFL); rectus femoris medial portion(RFM); and vastus medialis(VM) muscles of 30 healthy subjects under three proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation(PNF) techniques. Each subject was randomly assigned to one of 3 PNF techniques groups : slow reversal(SR), slow reversal hold(SRH) and rhythmic stabilization (RS). Each person was positioned in supine with the right hip flexed to and the knee fully extended and received a total of 6 sessions. Each technique was applied to the right lower extremity in two diagonal patterns while electrical activity was monitored from the ipsilateral muscles VL, RFL, RFM, and VM, respectively. Comparison of normalized mean EMG magnitudes from VL, VM showed that RS demonstrated significantly greater activity than that of SR or SRH and that RFL and RFM did not demonstrate any greater relative EMG activity with the three PNF techniques than did VL or VM.

This experiment was carried out to develop the anesthetic methods for ultrasonography and a new simplified disposable needle guidance device for ovum pick-up(OPU) in cows. Three different anesthetic methods were applied as. 1) epidural analgesia only with 2% lidocaine(20~30 ml), 2) epidural analgesia with 2% under general sedation with xylazine, 3) epidural analgesia with 2% lidocaine under general sedation with detomidine. We evaluated the anesthetic effects with items such as relaxation of anal sphincter, tail movement and rectal wall, retractability of both ovaries, additional anesthesia and possibility of OPU. Through this experiment, the above three anesthetic methods were applicable to OPU, but the epidural anlagesia under general sedation with detomldine was most effective for OPU. We developed a new disposable needle guidance device with stainless steel tube. With this, disposable needles can be easily attatchable to any other intravaginal probes. And also, it was found to he practical, economic and effective for OPU with the recovery rate of 51.2%.

본 연구는 하천환경의 생태적 재생을 목적으로 자연형 저수로 호안공법을 개발하기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 실험하펀으로 선정한 양재천 학여울 구간에 사주부, 수충부, 얕은 만 3가지 유형의 하안경관 특성에 따라 촌 10가지 공법을 개발, 시험 족용하였다. 각 호안공법의 설계에서는 정수식물의 식재에 중점을 두었으며 설계된 공법들은 현장 적용되었고, 적용후 1년간의 경관 형성과정과 식생복원 모니터링을 실시ㅏ였다. 일ㄹ 통해 자연형 저수로 호안공법의 기술적 실행 가능성을 높여, 관행적으로 행해지고 있는 하천공법을 대체할 수 있는 생태적 대안을 제시하였다.

This study was carried out to compare the actual size(length and height) of ovaries, follicles and corpora lutea of Korean native cow with those on sonograms. We used 3 different probes(3.5 MHz abdominal probe, 6.5 MHz transvaginal probe and 5.0 MHz transrectal probe) and a calipher for measurements of ovaries, follicles and corpora lutea on sonograms and actual size. Under water immersion, 157 ovaries were scanned with 3 probes and measured in actual size and compared each other. The average height and width of ovaries of Korean native cows were 17.403.99 and 34.236.02mm, respectively. In comparison of height, length of ovaries and preovulation follicles, we found that image with a transvaginal probe was nearly the same as the actual size(p<0.01), but with an abdominal probe the image was appeared larger than the actual size. In measurement(diameter) of preovulation follicles the transvaginal probe was proven to be more accurate to the actual size than other probes and in corpus luteum measurement all probes were accurate. In the comparison of number of follicles by different size ranges, there was no statistical difference in the count of follicles over 10 mm in diameter between the transvaginal probe and naked eyes.

An A-B-A-C single subject research design was used to assess the effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) and inhibitive techniques on spasticity in a 10-year-old girl with cerebral palsy. Stimulation electrodes were placed over the sural nerve of the right leg. The standard method of cutaneous stimulation, TENS with impulse frequency of 100 Hz, was applied. Inhibitive techniques including stretch, antagonist contraction, and weight bearing were used. The tonus of the leg muscle was measured by means of a surface-EMG biofeedback unit. Visual analysis of data indicate that the child showed clinically significant reduction of spasticity in passive ankle movement following 30 minutes of TENS and inhibitive techniques application, respectively. The effect of TENS on spasticity inhibition was similar to that of inhibitive techniques. This result suggests that for this child with cerebral palsy, the application of TENS to the sural nerve may induce short-term post-stimulation inhibitory effects on the spasticity of cerebral palsy. Replication of this study with a more complex single-subject design involving more subjects is recommended to confirm this result.

A few optical schemes for the future Russian astrometric satellite ('Struve') are discussed. New optical materials and techniques developed at the Vavilov State Optical Institute are planned to be used for the on-board telescopes. Optical characteristics of the reflecting Schmidt and a three - mirror scheme for the on-board telescopes are compared.

As a continuing effort to develop an automatic control system for small telescope, we developed the software for telescope control and CCD observations under DOS operating system. For accurate pointing of the telescope in short amount of time, we modelled the angular speed of the telescope by aquadratic function of time (constant acceleration) for the first 15 second and then linear function of time (zero acceleration) aftwewards. By changing the telescope speed from 'slew' to 'fine' before the telescope reaches the desired position, we could achieve the accuracy of a few arcsecond. The CCD control software was written for model CCD-10 of CCD Technology. This CCD can be used for guiding purposes. We also conducted the study for remote control of the telescope using telephone line. Although it cannot be used for real observations at the present form, we succeded in remotely pointing the telescope to desired direction. As faster communication technologies become widely available, simple observations can be made remotely in the near future. Finally we report some observational results made with the present control system.

지금까지의 내용을 요약하면 먼저, 인체의 각 관절 주위에는 관절의 움직임과 위치를 파악하는 감지기 역할을 하는 기계적 감수기가 있다. 이러한 감수기는 크게 네가지로 구분되어지는데 대개 I형 감수기, II형 감수기 등의 용어를 사용한다. 각각의 감수기의 특성(표 2.)을 알아보면, 루피니(Ruffini)감각기와 유사한 모양을 하고 있는 I형 관절감수기는 주로 운동의 속도(speed)와 방향(direction)을 감지(detection) 하며, 파시니안(P

다배란 수정란이식(MOET)과 체외수정(IVF)기술을 이용한 육종체계에서 예상되는 유전적 개량량을 여러 집단의 크기에서 비교한 결과 체외수정기술이 MOET육종기술보다 특히 개량대상 유전력이 낮을때 훨씬 효율적으로 나타났다. 그러나 유전력이 높아지면 (h=0.3, 0.5), MOET와 IVF간의 상대적 차이는 미진하게 나타났다. 체외수정을 이용한 육종기술에서 암컷의 선발 강도는 대단히 높일 수 있는 반면 난자의 회수율이 많을수록 상대적으로 수컷에 대한 선

The purpose of this study was to determine which of several crutch-fitting techniques best predicts ideal crutch length. Ideal crutch length is defined as the length of the crutch, including accessories, obtained during stance when the crutch tip is 6 inches (15.2 cm) lateral and 6 inches(15.2 cm) anterior to the fifth toe and the axillary pad is 2.5 inches(6.4 cm) below the axillary fold. Forty four volunteers were measured for crutches using each of the following methods:(1) 77% of actual height, (2) actual height minus 40.6 cm, (3) actual height minus 45.7 cm, (4) olecranon to opposite third finger tip, (5) olecranon to opposite fifth finger tip, (6) 77% of arm span, (7) arm span minus 40.6 cm, (8) anterior axillary fold to heel plus 5.1 cm, (9) anterior axillary fold to heel plus 10.2 cm, (10) ideal crutch length. Of the techniques studied, the two involving anterior axillary fold to heel were found to be good predictors: anterior axillary fold to heel plus 5.1 cm and anterior axillary fold to heel plus 10.2 cm. Finally, two additional length estimates were derived using linear regression analyses. These estimates provided the best overall predictors based on anterior axillary fold to heel and actual height.

The techniques of joint mobilization and traction are used to improve joint mobility or to decrease pain by restoring accessory movements to the shoulder joints and thus allowing full, nonrestriced, pain-free range of motion. In the glenohumeral joint, the humeral head would be the convex surface, while the glenoid fossa would be the concave surface. The medial end of the clavicle is concave anterioposteriorly and convex superioinferiorly, the articular surface of the sternum is reciprocally curved. The acromioclavicular joint is a plane synovial joint between a small convex facet on lateral end of the clavicle and a small concave facet on the acromion of the scapula. The relationship between the shape of articulating joint surface and the direction of gliding is defined by the Convex-Concave Rule. If the concave joint surface is moving on a stationary convex surface, gliding occur in the same direction as the rolling motion. If the convex surface is moving on a stationary concave surface, gliding will occur in an opposite direction to rolling. Hypomobile shoulder joints are treated be using a gliding technique.