본 시험은 사일리지 조제시 품질 개선을 위한 젖산균 첨가제를 개발하기 위하여 2000년부터 2002년까지 국립축산과학원 초지사료과 조사료 분석실험실에서 수행하였다. 보리는 한국에서 중요한 식량작물로서 대부분이 식량으로 이용되나 곡실부분이 많아 가축의 사료로도 활용되며 특히 총체보리로 하여 반추가축의 조사료로 활용되고 있다. 본 시험은 우량 보리 사일리지에서 젖산균을 수집하여 0.02% 가 함유된 MRS agar에 도말하여 생장을 보며 1차 선발한 후 M

An in vitro study was conducted to investigate the effect of propionate precursor (malate or fumarate) on fermentation characteristics, production of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and methane (CH₄) by rumen microbes when incubated with linoleic acid (C18:2) as a CLA precursor. Total CH₄ production for 12h incubation, however, was greatly reduced (P＜0.0001) by all the supplements compared to that of control, and its production from M-LA or F-LA treatment was smaller than that from LA treatment. Supplementation of M-LA or F-LA also increased concentrations of cis9, trans11-CLA (P＜0.039 - P＜0.001) for all incubation times and trans10,cis 12-CLA at 1h (P＜0.013), 3h(P＜0.036) and 12h (P＜0.025) incubation times compared to LA supplementation.

방사성폐기물 처분에서 미생물에 대한 연구는 최근에 중요한 연구 결과들이 지속적으로 발표됨에 따라 그 중요성에 대한 인식이 차츰 확대되고 있는 추세이다. 본 연구에서는 방사성폐기물 처분에서 미생물의 역할과 영향들에 대한 연구결과 및 연구동향을 조사·분석하였다. 방사성폐기물 처분시스템에서 고려되고 있는 다중방벽들인 인공방벽과 자연방벽에서의 미생물들의 역할 및 연구결과를 정리하여 제시하였다. 인공방벽에서는 처분용기의 부식에 대한 영향과 압축된 완충재에서의 미생물의 생존가능성 및 역할에 대해 논의하였다. 천연방벽에서는 지하수 및 암반에 존재하는 미생물들의 역할을 자연유사연구 결과와 함께 정리하여 제시하였다. 또한 지하매질을 통한 핵종이동 및 지연특성에서 미생물의 역할과 다양한 작용과정들 및 영향을 최근 연구동향과 함께 분석하고 정리하여 제시하였다. 따라서 향후 심부 지하 환경에서 처분시스템의 거동 및 지중매질을 통한 방사성 핵종의 이동 등에 미치는 미생물의 영향에 대한 심도 있는 연구가 본격적으로 수행된다면 미생물의 중요성 및 역할에 대한 엄격한 평가를 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

통영, 인천, 군산 및 홍성의 해수 미생물에서 각종 어업용구의 재료로 사용될 수 있는 Mater-Bi®, PHBV, PBSA 및 PCL의 분해거동을 조사하였다. Acinetobacter lwoffu/junii와 Shewanella algae/putrefaciens는 모든 해수속에 서식하고 있었으며 Eikenella corrodens 역시 비록 YITEK 결과의 신뢰도가 조금 낮은 수준으로 동정되었지만 모든 해수에서 검출되었다. 해수에서는 M

본 시험은 사료용 총체 벼 사일리지 전용 미생물 첨가제 개발을 위하여 2003년부터 2005년까지 축산연구소에서 수행되었다. 새로운 총체 벼 전용 첨가제 개발을 위해 수집된 28점의 총체 벼 사일리지로부터 미생물을 선발하여 전체 5개 균주(R4-1, R7-1, R7-2, R10-1 및 R12-1)를 분리하였다. 분리된 균주중 4종(R4-1, R7-1, R7-2 및 R10-1)은 Lactobacillus plantarum으로 동정되었고 R12-1은 L.

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of wood vinegar (WV) on the fecal microbes and gas emission in weaned pigs. In Exp. 1, 224 weaned piglets (L×Y×D, 21 d-old, initial BW 6.02 ± 0.52 kg) were assigned to four treatments of different WV levels in randomized completely block design with four replicates (14 piglets/pen) for 28 days, including phases I (0-2 wk) and phase II (3-4 wk). The dietary treatments were 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% of WV added to a corn-soybean meal basal diet. The concentration of ammonia measured at 0 h and 24 h in feces did not differ among dietary treatments (p>0.05), but it was linearly decreased (p<0.05) in 0.2% and 0.3% addition level measured at 48 h and 72 h. The concentration of hydrogen sulfide had no significant change (p>0.05) within treatments measured at different time. The fecal total bacteria (TBC), Lactobacilli(LAB) and E. coli were measured on 14 d and 28 d. TBC were higher (p>0.05) in WV added treatments than the control. Similar results were obtained for LAB. But E. coli populations were decreased (p<0.05) in treatments added WV compared to control measured on 14 d and 35 d. In Exp. 2, 288 weaned piglets (L×Y×D, 21 d-old, initial BW 6.62 ± 0.31 kg) were assigned to four treatments in a randomized completely block design with four replicates (18 piglets/pen) for 28 days. The dietary treatments were basal diet (negative control, NC), 0.2% organic acid (positive control, PC), 0.2% antibiotic (AT) and 0.2% WV added to a corn-soybean meal basal diet. The fecal total bacteria (TBC), Lactobacilli(LAB) and E. coli were measured on 14 d and 28 d. TBC, LAB and E. coli showed lower counts in pigs fed AT diets than others. In conclusion, these results indicated that wood vinegar could reduce the NH3 concentration of feces and inhibited the growth of harmful bacteria.

남조류에 의한 수화가 발생한 과림, 도창, 물왕 저수지로부터 시료를 채수 하여 남조류 분해 균주의 분리를 시도하였다. BG-11배지에 Anabaena cylindrica를 double layer method를 이용하여 남조류 lawn을 만들어 각각의 시료를 100μl씩 smearing하였다. 28˚C 3,000 Lux light chamber에서 13일간 배양하여 도창 저수지 시료를 접종한 Anabaena cylindrica

We checked the presence of phospholipase A2(PLA)2 which could split the ester bond at the position 2 in the glycerol backbone of glycerophospholipids, in the cells of hyperthermophiles of Pyrococcus horikoshii and Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. The results obtained are as follows; (1). Pyrococcus horikoshii cells were grown in obligate anaerobic conditions at 95℃ and they needed sulfur as energy source instead of oxygen, while Sulfolobus acidocaldarius species grew well in the aerobic medium (pH 2.5) containing yeast and sucrose at 75℃. (2). Pyrococcus horikoshii cells produced phospholipase A2 in the cell culture media although this species did not show lipase activity at least in the pH range of 1.5 ~ 3.5. Sulfolobus acidocaldarius cells produced lipase hydrolyzing triacylglycerols such as triolein, but did not split any kind of phospholipids used as substates. (3). The compound of 1-decanoyl-2-(p-nitrophenylglutaryl) phosphatidylcholine was not suitable for a substrate in this experiment, though frequently used as a subtrate for checking presence of phospholipase A2, for its decomposi-tion in this experiment. The L-α-phosphatidylcholine-β-[N-7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1, 3-diazol]aminohexanoyl-γ-hexadecanoyl labelled with a fluorescent material, did not show any migration of acyl chains in the molecule during the reaction with phospholipase A2 under a hot condition. (4). Phospholipase A2 in the cells of Pyrococcus horikoshii, showed the optimum activity at pH6.7~7.2 and 95~105℃, respectively, and was activated by addition of calcium chloride solution. Andthe phospholipase A2 specifically hydrolyzed glycero-phospholipids such as phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl serine and phosphatidyl inositol, but could not split phospholipid containing ether bonds in the molecule such as DL -α-phosphatidylcholine-β-palmitoyl-γ-O-hexadecyl, DL-α-phosphati- dylcholine-β- oleoyl-γ-O-hexadecyl, DL-phosphatidylcholine-dihexadecyl.

This study was undertaken to find out distribution and contamination sources of hazardous microbes through microbial hazard analysis on the processing steps of surimi-based imitation crab (SBIC). As a results of analysis of 9 hazardous microbes for 16 raw materials and 8 processing steps, no Samonella spp. and Escherichia coli were detected in all samples. Level and distribution of hazardous microbes in mixed color were similar to those of surimi. Changes of aerobic plate counts (APC), psychrotropic bacteria, coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio parnhaemolyticus showed similar trends at different processing steps. Thermotrophic bacteria and aerobic sporeformers were not detected until mixing step and feeding step, respectively and not reduced after cooking step. According to the comparison of APC at each step, it was suggested that surimi, workers and silent cutter at mixing step, and mixed color, workers and bundler at packaging step were the major contamination sources of bacteria.

This study aimed to estimate the effects of replacing Mushroom By-Product (MBP) with Tofu By-Product (TBP) on the chemical composition, microbes, and rumen fermentation indices of Fermented Diets (FDs). The basal diet was formulated using MBP, TBP, rice bran, molasses, and inoculants. The MBP in the basal diet was replaced with TBP at 0, 5, and 10% on Dry Matter (DM) basis for the experimental diets. The experimental diets were fermented at 39°C for 144 h. Chemical composition, pH, microbes, and rumen fermentation indices of the FDs were analyzed. With increasing TBP replacement, crude protein content of FDs increased (L, P < 0.001), whereas crude ash content decreased (L, P = 0.002). Lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus subtilis contents in the TBP-replaced FDs were higher than those in the control (P < 0.05), whereas pH level and mold count were lower (P < 0.05). With increasing TBP replacement, in vitro rumen digestibility of DM (L, P = 0.053) and neutral detergent fiber (L, P = 0.024) increased, wheres rumen pH changed (P = 0.026) quadratically. Rumen total volatile fatty acid (L, P = 0.001) and iso-butyrate contents (Q, P = 0.003) increased with increasing TBP replacement. In conclusion, this study indicates that the replacement of MBP with TBP could improve the quality of FD.

전통발효식품으로부터 분리한 발효능이 우수한 미생물과 기능성이 밝혀진 농특산 향토자원을 활용한 새로운 기능성 장류를 개발하고자 하였다. 꾸지뽕 열매를 A. oryzae koji, Lactobacillus 6종 및 Bacillus 2종에 대하여 발효시킨 결과, B. licheniformis SCDB 1234 균주가 kaempferol 함량을 9.54μg/g에서 217.04μg/g을 약 22배 증강시켜 최종 발효균주로 선발되었다. 꾸지뽕 열매를 선발균주를 활용하여 발효한 발효물 20배 희석액의 DPPH 항산화 활성은 대조구인 BHA, BHT의 92~99 ppm 농도와 유사한 활성을 보였고, tyrosinase 저해 활성도 arbutin이나 kojic acid의 95 ppm과 90 ppm과 같은 높은 저해 활성을 보였다. 꾸지뽕 열매 발효물을 첨가한 된장을 개발하여 유기산, 유리당 및 유리 아미노산을 분석하였다. 전반적으로 꾸지뽕 열매 발효물을 첨가하지 않은 장류와 유의적인 차이점을 보이진 않았다. 꾸지뽕 열매 발효물과 개발한 된장의 pancreatic lipase 저해활성을 측정하였다. 발효물의 경우에는 발효전보다 발효후에 더 높은 80% 이상의 높은 저해능을 보여주었다. 개발한 된장은 숙성전 된장이 숙성후 된장에 비해 더 높은 저해능을 보여주었다. 항당뇨 효과로 AGI활성을 분석한 결과, 꾸지뽕 열매는 발효전보다 발효후에 활성이 높게 측정되었고, 꾸지뽕 열매 발효액 10%를 첨가한 숙성전 된장의 AGI활성은 84.89±0.08%, 숙성후 된장은 91.25±0.04%를 나타내었다. 결론적으로 꾸지뽕 열매의 발효물의 생리활성 및 항산화 활성은 발효를 통하여 상승함을 보여주었고, 새로운 건강기능성 식품 개발에 활용가능성이 높은 잠재적 소재임을 보여준다.

In a pilot-scale dyeing wastewater treatment using two-type fluidizing media, each thickness of biofilm was 15 and 30 μm, respectively. The numbers of protozoa inhabited in small-size (PEMT A) and big-size (PEMT B) media were 7.5 x 104 and 1.25 x 105 cells/ml, respectively, and dominant species were Entosiphon sulcatus var sulcatus in PEMT A and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in PEMT B, respectively. Flask experiments using the two media revealed that the percentages of color removal were 25.8% in PEMT A and 27.1% in PEMT B after 72-h cultivation, indicating the necessity of bioaugmentation. Experiments for bioaugmentation effect on color removal were carried out in the pilot-scale treatment for 75 d by three-step operation under the control of wastewater loading rate and microbial input rate. Dye degradation occurred mainly in the second reaction tank, and the attachment of augmented dye-degrading microorganisms to media took at least 35 d. Final value of chromaticity in effluent was 227, meeting the required standard. Therefore bioaugmentation onto media was good for color treatment. In summary, thickness of biofilm formed on the media depended upon the size of media, resulting in different ecosystem inside the media. Hence, this affected microbial community and color treatment further. Accordingly, the reduction of operation cost is expected by efficient color-treatment process using bioaugmented media.

전통발효식품의 기능성 및 저장성을 증진시킬 목적으로 전통된장으로부터 효소활성 및 항균활성이 우수한 CH-14 균주를 분리하여 그 특성을 검토하였다. 분리한 CH-14 균주는 그람양성, catalase 양성, oxidase 음성, 내생포자 및 편모를 가지는 간균으로 세포의 크기는 이었다. 최종 분리균을 Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology 및 Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bact

The high surface area polymer, AquaMatsⓇ was used for the leachate purification process originated from the Samsan Dong Landfill in Ulsan Metropolitan City. And then, three species of dominant microbes were isolated and identified from AquaMatsⓇ. Gram staining revealed these microbes to be Gram-negative rod strains: They were identified as Agrobacterium radiobacter, Pseudomonas cepacia, Flavobacterium indologenes. All they showed no growth on media in which the leachate was added alone, but a rapid proliferation rate on media with yeast extract as nutrient requirements.