Osteochondroma is one of the most common benign tumors of the bone. Although osteochondroma is rarely seen in the facial region, it was reported that the cases occured in the mandibular region, especially around the condyle. Patients complain about malocclusion, temporomandibular disorders and facial asymmetry. The treatments of these cases include total condylectomy or local resection of the lesion. A 48-year-old man visited our hospital. His chief complaints were pain in the left temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and deviation of mandible during mouth opening. Panoramic radiograph showed an enlarged left condyle. A bony proliferation with benign sign was also observed in the computed tomography. Surgical treatment was done by removing the bony mass. Histologically, biopsy result was an osteochondroma. After surgery, there was reduced pain and normal mouth opening. Deviation of the mandible was also observed. We report a case of osteochondroma on the mandibular condyle and a review of literature about the surgical treatment.

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign tumor of the salivary glands. About 90% of these tumors occur in the parotid gland and 10% of them occur in the minor salivary glands. The most common sites for pleomorphic adenoma of the minor salivary glands are the palate, followed by the lips and the cheeks. Pleomorphic adenoma of the palate presents clinically as a painless, slow-growing mass found on posterior lateral aspect. In this case report, we report a case of pleomorphic adenoma of the palate in a 36-year old male patient whose initial diagnosis was vascular mass such as hemangioma or lymphangiohemangioma by preoperative CT and MRI.

Fibromatoses are benign fibroblastic proliferation, which forms infiltrating tumor-like mass. Their histologic features cannot reflect the biologic behavior; local recurrence and aggressive infiltration to the adjacent tissue make fibromatoses intermediate tumor, between benign and malignant. Infantile fibromatosis consists of desmoid-type tumor and lipofibromatosis, and mainly affects children under age of 10. While desmoid-type tumor is characterized by elongated mature fibroblastic proliferation, the fibroblasts in lipofibromatosis look more primitive and accompany adipocytes. Here, we report a case of infantile fibromatosis of 4 month old boy involving the tongue.

We present a case of cellular angiofibroma arising from right neck in a 46-year-old woman. Surgical excision was performed and the patient was disease free till now. Cellular angiofibroma usually arised in the inguinoscrotal of vulvovaginal regions. Only 3 cases of cellular angiofibroma involving maxillofacial region have been reported in the english written literature. Cellular angiofibromas are rare benign tumor characterized by bland spindle shaped cells arranged in a stroma with wispy collagen and numerous vessels. Immunohistochemical stains of the tumor cells showed the positivity for CD34, PR, EMA, but negativity for neurofilament, desmin and actin. The tumor should be differentiated from aggressive angiomyxoma and angiomyofibroblastoma, angiofibroma because of its clinical and histological similarity. We report a rare case of benign cellular angiofibroma involving right neck and study other published articles.

Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH) is a rare benign vascular lesion that rarely occurs in the oral cavity. Its clinical features are similar to neoplasms, which are easily identified in the oral cavity, and it can be misdiagnosed as an angiosarcoma. Therefore, it is important to recognize the characteristics of the lesion in order to both diagnose and treat it properly. We report a case of IPEH in a young Korean female patient, as well as discuss its differential diagnosis and treatment using a review of the related literature.

최근 정보 기술의 발달과 GIS 논의 발전과 함께, 소셜 미디어 데이터의 생성과 공유에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있다. 소셜미디어를 통해 생성되는 트윗 데이터는 기존의 지리 정보와는 다르며, 이를 보완, 대체하고 있다. 이러한 트윗 데이터의 중요성에도 불구하고 지리학 분야에서 이에 대한 이론적 고찰 및 실증적 분석 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구의 목적은 트윗 데이터에 대한 논의를 정보 격차를 중심으로 이론적으로 고찰하며, 이를 바탕으로 트윗 데이터의 공간 패턴, 시간적 시각화, 사회-인구변수와의 관련성을 중심으로 실증적으로 탐색하는데 있다. 미국 킹 카운티를 사례로 한 연구 결과, 트윗 데이터가 공간 및 시간 측면의 집중적으로 분포함을 발견하였으며, 또한 도시-농촌 간 정보 격차가 나타나고 있음을 탐지하였다. 또한 트윗 데이터의 분포는 사회 인구 변수와의 회귀 분석 결과, 젊은 층 인구, 소득 변수 등과 일부 관련성을 가지는 것으로 나타났다.

The purpose of this study is to explore the status of current ICT convergence technology in the agrifood area through reviewing articles. For this, we classifiedthe ICT convergence technology into four categories including RFID technology, smart sensing technology, USN technology, and other ICT convergence cases and reviewed by extracting the cases related to the convergence technology that is recently conducted depending on each category from the Journal of Computers and Electronics in Agriculture between January 2012 and June 2014. Additionally, by combining the reviews of cases, we conducted the study in the direction of analyzing the recent ICT convergence technology status in the current agrifood area.

A Warthin’s tumor of major salivary glands, in particular of parotid glands, is a common benign tumor that may occur synchronously or metachronously in the same or contralateral gland. Moreover, epithelial malignance associated with a Warthin’s tumor is extremely rare, and exists in three forms; epidermoid carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and undifferentiated carcinoma. The reports, related with a case of squamous cell carcinoma arising in a Warthin’s tumor at the parotid gland were reported only additional 3 cases from 1999 to 2010; 30 cases reported up to 1999.[2,4,7] This case report was a extremely rare case where both a primary squamous cell carcinoma and a Warthin's tumor were coexisting in the same

29-year-old female with chronic renal failure and a history of hemodialysis during 10 years showed localized jaw enlargement in the anterior mandible. She also revealed increased serum PTH level, osteosclerosis in her skull base and facial bone, chronic pain in the both knee joint, and gastrointestinal disorder which are symptoms of renal osteodystrophy. The patient was diagnosed hyperparathyroidism associated with chronic renal failure. Parathyroidectomy was performed, however, serum PTH level increased again after the parathyroidectomy, the affected area of the mandible was enlarged as the serum PTH level increased. The enlarged area seemed like as peripheral lesion clinically. We reported a case of localized jaw enlargement as oral manifestation in renal osteodystrophy.

The purpose of the research is to discuss the product safety procedures for the food industry The producer and supplier of the products should satisfy the increasing consumer safety needs. To develop and produce safe products, the food industry must rigorously perform potential hazard findings and very thorough risk analysis to detect even the very minute potential danger. The ultimate product liability rests with the consumer safety and the manufacturer's capability which competes in the market places. This is especially important in the food industry. However, small to medium sized food producing companies are facing challenges in this area due to their overall capabilities. Therefore this research presents safety procedures which are relatively simple to implement.

It is not common in rehabilitation situation to encounter patients exhibiting paralysis or other disabilities which have no apparent organic basis. Even without organic causes for their signs and symptoms these patients often require comprehensive treatment and management. Patients with conversion disorder often pose particular difficulties because of diagnostic confusion and the lack of therapeutic strategies for rehabilitation management. We feel that systematic functional rehabilitation is helpful in resolving symptom and recovering normal function in the patient suffering from conversion disorder since it provides motivation and reduces reinforcements which contribute to sustained disabled state. This report describes the patient with hysterical motor paralysis who is successfully treated with structured physical therapy. The objectives of this report are to provide therapeutic guidelines for physical therapy and to emphasize the role of physical therapist in the assessment and treatment of hysterical paralysis.

A primary infection with Toxoplasma gondii is usually asymptomatic, but some patients may have cervical lymphadenopathy and ocular disease. Toxoplasmosis is a common cause of lymphadenopathy. However, histopathologic examination to diagnose it usually does not reveal toxoplasmic cysts. Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis can be established by serological techniques or by direct detection of the parasite. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize the characteristic histopathological findings of toxoplasmic lymphadenitis and to confirm by serological or PCR results for toxoplasmosis. We describe histopathologic features of a case of toxoplasmic lymphadenitis with review of the literature, confirmed by serological evidence in a 50-year-old man.

It often happens that after someone purchases a specific part in one parcel of land, a shared equity registration is made according to the area ratio of the specific part in the whole land, and this legal relation is called co-ownership of divided ownership. This is substantially sole ownership of the relevant party on the inside and takes the form of “co-ownership registration” on the outside, but Korean precedents solve this problem by the so-called co-title trust principle by citing the legal principle of title trust. Therefore, in the relation of co-ownership of divided ownership, each co-owner can dispose of his or her specific division part independently and freely transfer the corresponding shared equity registration. However, if a land is divided into independent parcels by specific division parts owned separately, our precedents consider that the shared equity registration of the co-owner name transferred to each remaining parcel other than the parcel corresponding to each specific division part can no longer be regarded as a registration to represent a parcel corresponding to a particular division part of the co-owner, and only the co-title trust relation between the co-owners will survive. Thus, each co-owner is in the position of a person keeping the shared equity in relation to the other co-owners with respect to the shared equity of his or her name transferred over each remaining parcel, and if he or she disposes of it, an embezzlement is established. But it is doubtful whether a shared equity can be regarded as a property of embezzlement in the “person who keeps other’s property” among constitutional elements of embezzlement. Shared equity, which is a quantitative part held by a co-owner, is an idea that can govern things, and it is problematic to regard it as a property. Therefore, even though Korean precedents acknowledge embezzlement in this case, it is reasonable to regard it as a breach of trust rather than embezzlement.

National park, as a natural park, has a dual purpose, to promote both protection and enjoyment. The educational activities of the national park can be partly understood as one of the appropriate means to balance its double purposes. This study provides a review of environmental education in the US National Parks according to social transition. Taking historical perspective and case studies, environmental education has played roles in helping the balance between preservation and enjoyment. Since the environmental movement, environmental education goals, particularly understanding the natural processes observable at national parks, has become more a part of the interpretation and education missions of the parks. Also non-governmental and non-profit partners have played important educational-based roles in support of both the National Parks Service and environmental education goals. The two different models also differ in the public’s perception of them. Federal employees are resented in some rural areas in the U.S., but the general population automatically attributes authority, friendliness, and national-interestedness to NPS Rangers. This may in turn limit how strongly such staff could serve as strong advocates for the environment. On the other hand, the non-profit may be seen by some as strongly liberally biased and associated with urban wealth. It is also not as universally recognized as the NPS. It can, however, go far to develop new partnerships and undertake public relations. Non-profits vary greatly in quality, also affecting public perception.

Until comparatively lately, the annual time series of the SO2 concentration had been shown in a decreasing trend in Ulsan as well as other Korean cities. However, the high concentration of SO2 was frequently found in the specific countermeasure region including the national industrial complex such as Mipo and Onsan in the Ulsan city for the period of 2001∼2004. There are many conditions that can influence the high concentration of SO2 at monitoring sites in Ulsan, such as: First, annual usage of the fuel including sulfur increased in comparison with the year before in spite of the fuel conversion policy which wants to use low sulfur oil less than 3% and LNG. Second, point source, such as the power plants and the petroleum and chemistry stacks, was the biggest contributor in SO2 emission, as a analyzed result of both the air quality modeling and the stack tele-monitoring system (TMS) data. And third, the air pollutants that occurred in processes of burning and manufacturing of the fuel including sulfur were transported slow into a special monitoring site by accumulating along the frontal area of see-breeze. It was concluded that Ulsan's current environmental policy together with control methods should be changed into the regulation on total amount of emission, including a market-based emission trading with calculating of atmospheric environmental critical loads, for the SO2 reduction like the specific countermeasure for the O3 and PM10 reduction in the Seoul metropolitan area. And this change should be started in the big point sources of 1∼3 species because they are big contributors of Ulsan's SO2 pollution. Especially it is necessary to revitalize of the self-regulation environmental management. Other control methods for sustaining the SO2 reduction are as follows: maintenance of the fuel conversion policy, reinforcement of the regional stationary source emission standard, and enlargement of the stack TMS.

부산신항만의 개장과 함께 상하이항의 급속한 성장과 센젠항의 서비스와 생산성 신장뿐만 아니라 더욱 활동적인 광양항 등 한국의 항만은 국내외적으로 많은 변화에 직면하고 있다. 새로운 항만에 비교해서 부산항의 컨테이너 터미널들은 오래된 장비와 시설물을 보유하고 있으므로 서비스 수준과 경쟁력을 유지하기 위해 생산성 향상을 위한 리모델링에 착수할 필요성이 있다. 리모델링 활동은 게이트, 안벽, 야드, IT시스템 등에 대한 새로운 기술의 개발과 적용에 의해 지속적으로 시도되어야 한다. 영역별 대안들에 대한 기술적 검토를 위하여 설문조사와 면담조사를 하였으며, 리모델링 우선순위, 기술적용 기간, 적용 방향 등을 통해서 컨테이너터미널의 리모델링 활용계획을 설정하였다.