This paper aims to use a critical discourse analysis (CDA) to analyze types of online news headlines about COVID-19 on cruise ship, the Diamond Princess, and to identify different traits between conservative newspapers and progressive ones. 480 articles were collected from five major news outlets in Korea: Chosun Ilbo, Joongang Ilbo, Donga Ilbo, Hankyoreh, and Kyunghyang Shinmun. The results show that the headlines tend to contain negative or extreme vocabulary and to employ quotes from experts or even from unknown sources in order to criticize Japan and blame the Japanese government for their way of dealing with the situation. In the case of differences between politically biased sources, it was found that the conservative media inclines toward framing negative images of the Japanese government by publishing more articles than the progressive media and by using numbers and statistics to clearly describe the surge of infected people on the ship. They also published more articles than the progressive media about Korea's actions to bring Koreans back home from the ship, framing positive images about the Korean government. As can be seen, the online news headlines are politically biased and manipulatively framed, so readers' discretion is necessary.

This article investigates from a critical discourse studies perspective the news media representations of inbound international students in Korean higher education. In light of the ideological workings of discourse and the media's social impact on the public consciousness, the current study examines the structures and detailed meanings of the media portrayals of international students as regards the three dimensions of the textual feature, discursive practice, and social practice. The findings suggest that the media representations of international students are racialized according to stratified power relations in the context of Korean higher education, and that the racialization and stratification is undergirded by neoliberal capitalist ideology of internationalization, ambivalent diversity discourse of Others, and benevolent care discourse of the minoritized. A range of discursive othering strategies are deployed in the news texts to render more newsworthy the reported issues and incidents concerning international students. The article concludes and argues that more fluid approaches to diversity should be developed to account for the complexity and multiplicity of transnational subjectivities.

Given the view of tests as mechanisms within a language policy framework (Shohamy, 2006), Korean proficiency tests are not only used as a way to measure language knowledge, but rather as tools to impose national ideologies about langage use and diversity. The field of Korean language testing needs to embrace sociopolitical dimensions, and engage what is going on value and consequence in test development and validation. By drawing upon a combined approach of Messick’s (1989) validity framework, Fairclough’s (2001) Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), Bachman and Palmer’s Assessment Use Arugment (AUA), this study aims to illustrate how the practice of testing can be discursively interpreted as a multilayered phenomenon, constituted through discourse. It discussed the applicability of AUA’s two claims (decisions, consequences) to the validation of Korean language proficiency or related certification testing for immigrants with foci of value implications and consequences. The interconnectedness of test validation and CDA is modelled through the procedure of Faircough’s (2001) analytic methodology. In an effort to illustrate that language testing is discursively value-laded, this study not only offer a theoretical and methodological addition to the current inquiry of test validation, but also re-emphasize that language testing is sociopolitically driven from a discursive angle.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of social factors on the use of honorific language by discourse completion test. Participants complete a short discourse by filling in their responses in conversations that may occur in families, schools, and workplaces where the social status and solidarity of the listener is predetermined. Honorific styles of sentence endings of their responses are analyzed by the generalized linear mixed model. The results show that social status and solidarity are statistically significant factors in the use of honorific styles, but their effects are dependent on the discourse situation. The ratio of using honorific styles gradually increases as the formality of situation increases (i.e., family < school < workplace). Interestingly, when the solidarity is low at the workplace, the ratio of using honorific styles is consistently high regardless of the social status of the listener. These results show that the use of Korean honorific styles is pragmatically changing according to the discourse situation.

The body is an important object of costume expression, and the reflection of the aesthetics of the body according to age, culture, individual or group determines the form of the costume. In particular, British artist Leigh Bowery provided many designers and celebrities with original design ideas. Leigh Bowery’s costumes are related to the carnival concept. Thus, this study analyzed Leigh Bowery’s life and works, and examined Michael Bakhtin’s grotesque carnivalesque theory. Based on Bakhtin’s carnival theory around 100 works by Leigh Bowery, in the form of YouTube videos and DVD clips were analyzed in this study. The results of the analysis Leigh Bowery’s body and costume research are as follows. First, this study can define fetishism as a characteristic of costumes such as body suits, harnesses, high-heeled boots, and stockings, that stress the body. Second, the character of the body is not expressed as that of an idealized body, but the fat and ugly aspect are revealed. Third, Leigh Bowery’s costumes are characterized by ambiguity. The costumes blur the boundaries between women and men. Fourth, common sense, combined with normal and bizarre, brings out a strong sense of carnival humor with ridiculousness arising from the gap between reality and reality. His performance has had a significant impact on victims of discrimination or unequal treatment in sexual, racial, and age-related situations. This study should inspire many designers through the study of Leigh Bowery’s body expression and dress, but it also introduces fashion icons that are not well known in Korea.

Lee, Kathy. 2018. An Analysis of English Teachers' Metalinguistic Discourse. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 26(2), 195~223. In this paper, I examine an effort by the South Korean Ministry of Education (MOE) called the “Teaching English in English” (TEE) policy, which is still in practice today. In 2001, the MOE enacted TEE to improve the proficiency of Koreans through English instruction, with the implicit acknowledgement that 40 years of traditional teaching methods had not produced competent English users. To understand this policy's implications for teachers, I draw on ethnographic observations and interviews at a government-sponsored center, where Korean teachers of English participated in an intensive English course. Approaching this policy from a language ideological framework, I pay attention to their metalinguistic discourse about English. Analysis of the findings reveals that teachers challenged but also reproduced dominant language ideologies that prevented viewing themselves as legitimate English teachers. Based on these teachers' language ideologies, it is not helpful to view problems in English education as due to teachers' lack of English skills or confidence. The findings illustrate the importance of understanding the social and language practices of the local community when designing a well-informed language policy that can effectively transform language education and challenge ideologies that view Koreans as poor English speakers or English as a language of the Other.

This study, drawing on critical discourse analysis methodologies, aims to show how Chinese international students are discursively represented in a Korean newspaper. Articles from the Chosun Ilbo were collected between 2008-2016. The media has framed social images on Chinese International students quite often from the Beijing Olympic torch relay in 2008. Following van Dijk’s (1998) ideological theory, macro- and micro-level of textual analysis were conducted. It was found that the two groups of ‘us’ and ‘them’ (Chinese international students) were dichotomized. It was enforced by discursive strategies such as conjugation, over-lexicalization, and delegitimization. As for the micro-level analysis, drawing on Halliday’s (1985) systemic functional grammar, three dimensions of analysis (ideational, interpersonal, and textual) were conducted to uncover the power relations under the linguistic forms. This study concludes that Chinese international students were represented by the ideological square of positive self-presentation and negative other-presentation.

Ryoo, Hye-Kyung. 2017. “Discourse Analysis of Microteaching: Dynamic Identities and Situational Frames”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 25(2), 165~196. The present paper is based on a discourse analysis of Microteaching speech events of Korean pre-service training students taking a teacher training course in college. The purpose of this study is to look closely into what really is going on in the discourse of microteaching events in terms of the participants' identity enactment and framing of situations. Fifteen pre-service training students' microteaching lessons were video-taped and transcribed to examine detailed discourse features. The results of the qualitative analysis of the discourse revealed frequent dynamic shifting and enactments of identities in momentary situational frames. The participants in the present study were able to act on diverse situational frames by orienting to locally-managed situated identities.

Kim, KaHyun & Shin, Dongil. 2016. “A Critical Discourse Analysis on Global Talents and Their English Competence”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 24(3). 249~280. The purpose of this study is to examine the media discourse on global talents and their English competence through critical discourse analysis. The special feature articles of the JoongAng daily newspaper on ‘global talent’ were traced and analyzed. The articles of JoongAng Sunday magazine on the global talent, which were published between January 2008 and March 2016, were also examined. The analysis drew upon the van Dijk’s (2009b) sociocognitive approach. By understanding how social cognition played its role in formative process of the discourse with linguistic features, the dialectical relationship of the dicourse and the society was inferred. Findings revealed the schema of the global companies, which counted human resources as the goal of management and essential part of their success, empathized individuals’ role and led them to make efforts. Microscopic linguistic features formed global talent discourses with being influenced and affecting the macroscopic structure. The media discourse often valued self-improvement, which involved neoliberalistic orientation of global companies.

Purpose: Health professionals need to bemore sensitive to the languages used in clinical settings to better understand their patients and to generate better health outcomes. The purpose of this article was to introduce discourse analysis as a way of understanding languages related with health and illness. Methods: This was a review of studies done bymultiple scholars dealt with discourse analysis. Results: This study provides theoretical backgrounds and basic assumptions of discourse analysis. Several key concepts were demonstrated compared with phenomenology and grounded theory methods. Those were data collection, analysis, and purpose of the study. In addition, evaluation criteria of discourse analysis was provided with strategies to improve quality of the study. Lastly, exemplary texts on discourse analysis in healthcare area were presented to promote understanding. Conclusion: Discourse analysis can help healthcare professionals develop effective communication strategies by gaining insight and sensitivity on languages related with health and illness that are habitually used in healthcare settings.

Kim Byeong-keon. 2016. “A Critical Discourse Analysis of Newspaper Editorials and Columns on Progressivism”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 24(1). 65~90. The aim of this study is to discuss how progressivism is depicted based on Appraisal Theory in Chosun Ilbo and Hankyoreh Shinmun. We also explore difference between two newspapers. The term of Appraisal refers to a linguistic resource by which a speaker/ writer expresses his own effect, judgement, and appreciation. As a result, Hankyoreh Shinmun relatively depicts positive image on progressivism through it positive and negative evaluations, while Chosun Ilbo depicts negative image using a negative evaluation. By looking at them from the Ideological Square of van Dijk, we are able to know that progressivism is a ‘They’ to Chosun Ilbo.

A meta-analysis was conducted to analyze the history of discourse analytic studies that appeared in the English Teachingjournal ofKorea over the past 50 years. Atotal of 161 studies were categorized according to discourse modes, primary themes employed and levels of application. The results indicated that in the most recent years, DA articles occupy about 22% ofthe total studies published in thejournal, with an overall increase in DA studies analyzing written texts. Qualitative studies such as ethnographies and case studies employing discourse data as a primary component of data analysis have also steadily increased over the years. The findings suggest that in the future, more DA research on primary or secondary level students, classroom interactions, and critical discourse studies examining the Korean context may benefit a wider range of readership who may be interested in the practical application of DA results to the Korean English education context.

Seo So-a. 2015. “A Critical Discourse Analysis of Recontextualization in the News Headline Translation”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 23(2). 97~129. Most international news tends to be strategically translated to fit for the target context. A useful case for analysis includes the discursive patterns of English to Korean translation of international news headlines, particularly on the reportage of the Libyan and Syrian conflicts. Using data collected from the on-line articles in three Korean newspapers, this study draws on the concept of recontextualization and analyzes the textual practices and discursive strategies in terms of the critical discourse analysis based upon Hallidayean systemic-functional linguistics. The results demonstrate that the translated headline as the target text is discursively recontextualized into its interpretative and national context of Korea, while it is decontextualized from the reported event context of Libya and Syria as well as from the source context of the U.S. It is, thus, suggested that the international news headline translation is the target-oriented recontextualization at textual and contextual level. (145)

한문 문법 분석에 있어 현재 일반적으로 통용되는 가장 큰 單位는 문장이다. 그러나 문장에 대한 학자들의 정의가 다르고, 그에 따른 문장의 경계도 달라 좀 더 명확한 서술이 필요하다고 판단되어, “문장은 완정한 의미를 표현하는 독립할 수 있는 언어 단위로, 주어[문두의 NP]가 관할하는 구절까지를 경계로 한다.”라는 정의가 제시된 바 있다. 그러나 이 정의도 문두의 NP가 관할하는 범위가 段落으로까지 길어지는 언어 현상에 대해서는 분석의 한계가 있었다. 그 이유는 문법 분석의 단위를 문장으로 국한시켰기 때문이라고 생각되어 본고에서는 문장으로 조합된, 문장보다 더 큰 단위의 조직인, 단락을 상정하고 단락을 관할하는 ‘주제’를 제안할 필요가 있다고 판단하였다. 또한 문법 분석 단위를 단락으로 확장했을 때의 효용성을 단어의 문법 성질 파악, 문헌 독해, 한문 교과서 글감 제시 범위 등 세 가지 측면에서 제시하였다.

The aim of this study is to discuss the attributes of political discourse in political advertisements. The materials of the study are the advertisements used by candidates in the 16th and 17th Korean presidential elections. Presidential election advertising is the social practice of competing in political discourse on who is more proper for the presidency. The upper level of discourse in advertisement takes on the narrative of statements directed at the public, but argumentation about political assertions is included in it. The core of the argumentation asserts support for the candidate and backs such an assertion. A story that dramatizes the details related to the candidate or his/her policy has a big effect of gaining sympathy for the message, but on the other hand it can also lead to criticism that political issues are being dealt with only through images rather than language. Narrative, complexly constructed through spoken language, visual images, subtitles, sounds and other channels, accordingly contains various messages, but it has a strong impact ultimately by being condensed into one symbolic rhetoric, since the candidate's personality, political message, and the power to realize these-that is, all the factors the public considers in making a political choice-are included in it.

A major task for the teacher is to engage students in three kinds of learning: learning of language, learning through language, and learning about language (Halliday, 1979). Therefore, in order to help students learn and use language effectively, teachers themselves need explicit knowledge of language, and need to be aware of what students are trying to achieve and learn. There have been many classroom research investigations into this issue with respect to the role of the first language (L1) in facilitating learning (Osman and Hannafin 1994; Johnson 1997). Classroom-oriented research has led to an increased awareness of the great complexity of both the language used and the learning process. Classroom language can be investigated systematically and no longer needs to be regarded as “an impenetrable black box” (Long 1983 a, 1983 b). Transcripts, coded data and frequency counts can show how classroom interaction develops as it is a dynamic phenomenon (Allwright and Bailey 1991). Marton and Booth (1997, p.107) described learning as ‘a way of coming to experience the world in a certain way, and different ways of experiencing will lead to different learning outcomes’. Marton and Tsui (2004) linked classroom discourse to learning, coining the term “space of learning”: “The second premise is that language plays a central role in learning: that it does not merely convey meaning, it also creates meaning. An understanding of how the space of learning is linguistically constituted in the classroom is best achieved through investigating “classroom discourse”. This research observed and collected data from two different primary four classes taught by two teachers of the same school on the same topic on Chinese words. Multiple data from multiple sources were used for analysis. This paper will discuss how the difference usage of discourse in the classroom could bring about different learning outcomes.

본 연구의 목적은 중등과학수업에서 나타나는 담화양상과 의미형성 전략을 분석하는 것이다. 연구 참여 교사는 서울의 한 중학교에서 과학을 가르치고 있었으며, 연구에 자발적으로 참여하였다. 연구진은 참여교사의 수업을 관찰하고 비디오 녹화하였고 전사하였다. 자료는 두 단계로 분석되었다. 첫 단계에서는 담화 양상을 범주화하였다. 두 번째 단계에서는 미시적 수준에서 의미형성 전략을 확인하였다. 연구 결과로서, 초임교사의 '빛의 경로와 성질' 단원의 과학 수업담화에서 나타난 담화양상과 의미형성 전략에 관하여 5개의 에피소드가 제시되었다. 연구결과를 토대로, 결론 및 후속연구와 교사전문성 발달에 관한 시사점이 탐색되었다.

This article explores how the conflicting ideological positions of the news media in two different countries are reflected in their perceptions of the postwar situation in Iraq and become encoded in lexical choices and strategies in relation to the cognitive and socio-political dimension of the media. The target data were collected from the on-line news reports posted on the respective web sites of the two networks: the Fox News Channel in the U.S. (foxnews.com) and the English-language version of Al-Jazeera in Qatar (english.aljazeera.net). This study adopts an interdisciplinary theoretical framework of critical discourse analysis for ideological representations in news discourse by integrating labeling strategies in information structure from critical discourse scholars (Tomlin et al. 1997; Fairclough 1992, 1995). In particular, the lexical choices and their cognitive and discursive strategies are qualitatively and quantitatively examined by focusing on the labels on the War against Iraq and postwar Iraq. As a result, this study seeks to verify the idea that the ideological differences between the two news networks result in their own strategically and informationally structured labels on Iraqi situations in each news text, keeping and reproducing the separating concept of Self and Other according to each network's socio-cultural identity and ideology.