본 연구에서는 고도정수처리를 위하여 모듈 내부와 관형 세라믹 정밀여과막 외부 사이의 공간에 입상 활성탄(GAC)을 충전한 혼성 모듈을 사용하였다. 정수 원수 중의 자연산 유기물(NOM)과 미세 무기 입자를 대체하기 위해, 휴믹산(humic acid)과 카올린(kaolin) 모사용액을 대상으로 하였다. 혼성공정에서 막오염을 최소화하고 투과선속(J)을 향상시키기 위하여 역세척 시간(BT)과 역세척 주기(FT)에 따른 영향을 알아보았으며, 최적운전조건을 규명하고자 하였다. 그 결과, BT가 증가함에 따라 Rf 다소 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 더 짧은 FT는 빈번한 역세척으로 Rf의 감소와 J의 향상에 더 효과적이었다. 그러나 운전비용을 고려하였을 때, 최적 BT 및 FT는 각각 10초와 8분이었다. 한편, 모사용액으로 실험하여 도출된 최적 운전조건을 호소수의 고도정수처리에 적용하였다. 그 결과, 탁도 및 UV254 흡광도, CODMn의 평균처리효율은 각각 99.11% 및 91.40%, 89.34%로 우수하였으나, TDS의 평균처리효율은 30.05%로 낮았다.

본 연구에서는 관형보다 단위시간당 투과량이 월등히 많은 다채널 세라믹 분리막을 사용하였으며, 고도정수처리 혼성공정은 모듈 내부와 다채널 정밀여과막 외부 사의의 공간에 입상활성탄(GAC)을 충전하여 구성하였다. 정수 원수 중의 자연산 유기물(NOM)과 미세 무기 입자를 대체하기 위해, 휴믹산(humic acid)과 카올린(kaolin) 모사용액을 사용하였다. 유기물질의 영향을 살펴보기 위해 일정한 30mg/L의 카올린 농도에서 휴믹산(humic acid)의 농도를 2~10 mg/L로 변화시켰다. 그 결과, 막오염의 저항(Rf)과 투과선속(J)은 휴믹산의 농도에 따라 큰 영향을 받았다. 또한 역세척 주기(FT)의 영향을 살펴본 결과, 더 짧은 FT는 빈번한 역세척으로 막오염의 감소와 투과선속의 향상에 더 효과적이었다. 그러나 운전비용을 고려하면, 최적 FT조건은 8분이였다. 한편, 이 다채널 정밀여과막 및 GAC 혼성공정을 호소수에 적용한 결과, 평균 처리효율은 탁도 98.02%, UV254 흡괌도 75.64%, 총용존고형물(TDS) 7.18%, 화학적산소요구량 84.73%이었다.

본 연구에서는 고도정수처리를 위하여 모듈 내부와 세라믹 정밀여과막 외부 사이의 공간에 입상 활성탄(GAC)을 충전한 혼성 모듈을 이용하였으며, 정수 원수 중의 자연산 유기물(NOM)과 미세 무기 입자를 대체하기 위해, 휴믹산(humic acid)과 카올린(kaolin) 모사용액을 사용하였다. GAC의 충전율(packing fraction)에 따른 처리효율의 변화를 알아보고자. GAC의 충전율을 0~24.05%로 변화 시켰다. 그 결과, 3시간 운전하는 동안 막오염에 의한 저항(Rf) 및 투과선속(J)의 변화 곡선은 GAC의 충전율에 관계없이 거의 중첩되었다. 그리고 탁도의 처리효율은 모든 조건에서 99.46% 이상으로 높았으며, UV254 흡광도로 측정한 NOM의 처리효율은 최대 충전율 24.05%에서 제거율은 99.43%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 한편, 충전율 24.05%에서 13시간 동안 운전한 결과, J는 막오염의 증가에 따라 운전 초기 1시간 이내에 급격히 감소하였으며 3시간 운전 후부터는 거의 일정한 투과선속을 나타냈다. 그리고 탁도 및 NOM의 처리효율은 각각 99.52%와 96.63%로 안정적인 높은 처리효율을 보였다.

우리나라 농촌현실에 적합하면서 고품질의 친환경 농산물 생산을 위한 청정용수공급이 가능한 FDA 시스템을 개발하였다. 기존의 필터제품의 문제점을 개선하고 보다 경제적이고 기능적인 면을 고려하여 시설재배단지에 청정용수공급을 목표로 시설용수공급시스템을 개발하였다. 시설용수 공급시스템 모듈통합기법으로 개발된 FDA시스템은 여과와 흡착 그리고 자외선 모듈을 거치는 과정으로 구성되어 있다. 본 제품의 시작품 생산은 3단계의 평가과정을 거쳐 진행 되었다. 이 과정을 통해 시설용수공급시스템의 구성품별 사양을 제시하고 적정처리용량 및 모듈통합기법을 개발하였으며, 현장 설치지역(시설재배농가)의 재배현황 및 수질을 조사하여 적합한 시설용수 공급시스템 요소기술(살균, 여과)을 설계하였고, 실제 현장에 적용할 수 있는 시작품을 제작하여 현장 설치를 위한 실내 성능시험을 수행하였다. 또한 시작품 현장 설치 후 시설용수 공급시스템 유입 전․후 수질분석을 실시하였으며 모니터링을 통해 시설재배용수 온도조절장치와 폭기 장치에 대한 개선방안을 제시하여 시작품의 보완제작을 실시하였다. 시작품의 현장적용성 평가에서는 시작품의 수질정화능력평가 및 사용자 입장에서의 개선점 파악을 실시하였는데 그 결과 시스템의 수질정화능력은 목표치 이상이었으나, 수온유지, 저수조 용량문제, 누수현상, 역류현상, 적정수압유지 등의 개선점이 파악되었다.

Activated carbons were prepared by impregnation of crushed clean date pits in concentrated solutions of phosphoric acid or zinc chloride followed by carbonization in absence of air at 600℃. Steam-activated carbon was prepared by gasifying 600℃-carbonization product at 950℃ to a burn-off = 50%. KOH- activated carbon was prepared by impregnating date pitscarbonization product obtained at 450℃ in concentrated KOH solution followed by carbonization at 840℃. Textural properties of these carbons were determined from nitrogen adsorption at -196℃ and the chemistry of the carbon surface was investigated by determination and of the surface carbon-oxygen (C-O) groups using bases of variable strength and dilute HCl. The adsorption of endosulphan at 27℃ on all the carbons prepared was undertaken. Adsorption of this pesticide at 32 and 37℃ was also undertaken for steam-activated and KOH-activated carbons. Phosphoric acid-activated carbons and steamactivated carbons are mainly microporous and have high surface concentration of C-O groups of acidic nature. Steamactivated and KOH-activated carbons exhibited surface areas 〉 1000 m2/g and contain micro and non-micrpores. The adsorption of endosulphan was related to the surface area of non-micropores and was retarded by the high concentration of surface C-O groups. The thermodynamic properties indicated the feasibility of the adsorption process and the possible regeneration of the carbon for further use.

Carbonization products C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5 were prepared by the carbonization of date pit in limited air, at 500, 600, 700, 800 and 1000℃, respectively. C1-V-600, C3-V-600, C1-V-1000 and C3-V-1000 were prepared by thermal treatment of C1 and C3 under vacuum at 600 and 1000℃. The textural properties were determined from nitrogen adsorption at 77 K and from carbon dioxide adsorption at 298 K. The surface pH, the FTIR spectra and the acid and base neutralization capacities of some carbons were investigated. The amounts of surface oxygen were determined by out-gassing the carbon-oxygen groups on the surface as CO2 and CO. The adsorption of water vapor at 308 K on C1, C2, C3 and C4 was measured and the decomposition of H2O2 at 308 K was also investigated on C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5. The surface area and the total pore volume decreased with the rise of the carbonization temperature from 500 to 1000℃. The adsorption of water vapor is independent on the textural properties, while it is related to the amount of acidic carbon-oxygen groups on the surface. The catalytic activity of H2O2 decomposition does not depend on the textural properties, but directly related to the amount of basic carbon-oxygen complexes out-gassed as CO, at high temperatures.

The adsorption of heavy metals in the waste water carried out on the various domestic clays and waste pottery. The effect of parameters such as pH, temperature, adsorption time and coexisting cations on the adsorption ability and characteristics were investigated to find out whether the clays could be used as adsorbents. Adsorption equilibrium was reached within 20 minutes on all the clays. The optimum pH was found to be above 5. When other cations such as Cu(II) or Zn(II) coexisted with Pb(II), the adsorption amount of Pb(II) decreased because of competing adsorption.

Micelle formation and adsorption at the Ti02 interface of a series of polystyrene-polythylene oxide(PS-PEO) block copolymer in aqueous solution was studied using fluorescence probing and small-angle X-ray methods. Further, the stability of aqueous Ti02 dispersion in the presence of copolymer was investigated by microelectrophoresis, optical density and sedimentation measurements. The dissolution of pyrene as fluorescent probe in aqueous surfactant solution leads to a slow decrease of the I1/I3 ratio, as the copolymer concentration increase; I1 and I3 are respectively the intensities of the first and third vibrionic peaks in the pyrene fluorescence emission. The behaviour was due to the characteristics of the copolymers and/or to the copolymer association efficiency in water. Moreover, the adsorption at the plateau level increases with decreasing PEO until chain length. The zeta potential of TiO2 particles decreases with increasing copolymer concentration and reaches a plateau value. Finally, stabilization using block copolymers was more effective with samples having higher weight fractions of PS block.

Chitosan itself has been prepared using chitin, one of the most abundant compounds in nature, as a starting material. We have synthesized the water-soluble chitosan derivative, N-dithiocarboxy chitosan sodium salt, through the reaction of water-soluble chitosan with carbon disulfide in the presence of alkali metal hydroxide. To elucidate this natural polymer capacity of adsorbing heavy metal ions, we have performed adsorption experiments using the water-soluble chitosan derivative various average molecular weight and of different percent contents of sulfur. The effect of pH, adsorption time and temperature on adsorption efficiency was also studied. The adsorbent derived from water-soluble chitosan of average molecular weight ranging 9,000~120,000 was shown to have the highest capacity of adsorbing heavy metal ions. On the whole, adsorbing efficiency was increased as the reaction time goes longer and also increased as the reaction temperture goes higer in temperture range of 15℃~45℃. The adsorption capacity at various pH, however, was appeared to vary depending on the heavy metal ions studied Judging from these finding, water-soluble N-dithiocarboxy chitosan sodium salt, a derivative of a biodegradable nature polymer, is believed to be a potential adsorbent for heavy metal ions since it not only is shown to lower the concentration of heavy metal ions to below the drainage quality standard, but also it would not cause acidification and hardening of soil which is one of the detrimental effects of synthetic macromolecular adsorbents present.

Water vapor adsorption kinetics of vacuum-dried jujube powder were investigated in temperature and relative humidity ranges of 10 to 40℃ and 32 to 75%, respectively. Water vapor was initially adsorbed rapidly and then reached equilibrium condition slowly. Reaction rate constant for water vapor adsorption of vacuum-dried jujube powder increased with an increase in temperature. The temperature dependency of water activity followed the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. The net isosteric heat of sorption increased with an increase in water activity. Good straight lines were obtained with plotting of 1/(m-m0) vs. 1/t. It was found that water vapor adsorption kinetics of vacuum-dried jujube powder was accurately described by a simple empirical model, and temperature dependency of the reaction rate constant followed the Arrhenius-type equation. The activation energy ranged from 50.90 to 56.00 kJ/mol depending on relative humidity. Arrhenius kinetic parameters (Ea and k0) for water vapor adsorption by vacuum-dried jujube powder showed an effect between the parameters with the isokinetic temperature of 302.51 K. The information on water vapor adsorption kinetics of vacuum-dried jujube powder can be used to establish the optimum condition for storage and processing of jujube.

The purpose of this work is to present the experiment results by a dynamic adsorption of water vapor on pelletized zeolites (ADZ300, ADZ400, and ADZ500) in fixed bed. The breakthrough curves of water vapor with several different concentrations and temperature in the range of 25～45 ℃ on zeolite bed were investigated. In the same conditions, the breakthrough time on ADZ400 and ADZ500 were little longer than ADZ300, and the equilibrium adsorption capacity on ADZ500 was highest. The higher the concentration of water vapor was, the faster the breakthrough time was, and the slope of breakthrough curves showed a tendency to increase. The faster the flow rate of water vapor was, the faster the breakthrough time was relatively, but variations between flow rate and breakthrough time did not have a proportional relationship. The breakthrough curve maintained constant gradient in spite of variation of flow rate in the same concentration. The temperature rise in zeolite bed by adsorption heat was occurred in the early stage of adsorption. After water molecule layers were formed on the surface of zeolite, the temperature was slowly cooled by water vapors continuously flowed in as constant temperature. The greater the concentration of water vapor and adsorption temperature were, the temperature difference in zeolite bed was increased.

Quality test for activated carbon(AC) filter used for drinking water purifier is now an obligatory test and the standard material for valid purifying amount in water purifier performance test has been changed from residual chlorine to chloroform according to the notice of Ministry of Environment in 2006. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the ingredients of AC filters by confirming chloroform removal rate of AC filter and conducting 4 adsorption tests (Iodine, methylene blue decolorization, phenol value, ABS value) for AC filters provided by manufacturers. With water pressure of 1 kgf/cm2, 1,500 liters of prepared inflow went through to check chloroform removal rate. As a result, product with removal rate of below 60% from all products. On the other hand, 4 adsorption tests were conducted for filters in the market and filters from manufacturers. None of the products satisfied all 4 tests. In particular, they showed great shortage to the standard in phenol value and ABS value test. However, manufacturers' filter showed much better performance than filters in the market. Also, the result of valid purifying amount test for each of five products of appropriate product and inappropriate product based on filter quality test showed average 4,440 liters for appropriate product and average 2,620 liters for inappropriate product. According to the result, it is shown that the filter with good adsorption also had good chloroform removal efficiency and adsorption efficiency. Therefore, it is expected that customers can screen good quality product through obligatory conduct of filter quality test. However, it is considered that complementation in system is required for future inspection.

연안 준설퇴석물을 열처리, 생물침출공정을 이용한 중금속처리, 중화처리 등의 다양한 방법으로 전처리한 재료를 이용하여 연안해수에 함유된 질산염의 흡착특성에 대한 실험실적 연구를 수행하였다. 전처리된 퇴적물의 흡착평형시간은 생물침출-열처리 퇴적물이 17분으로 가장 빨랐으며 생물침출-중화-열처리 퇴적물과 생물침출퇴적물이 각각 25분. 27분으로 황토와 열처리 황토에서의 3,3분, 32분 보다 빠르게 흡착되는 것으로 평가되었다. 시험된 재료들에 대한 흡착공정은 Freundlich 등온흡착식으로 해석할 수 있었으며, 전처리한 퇴적물의 흡착속도가 황토에 비해 빠름을 알 수 있었다. 질산염의 흡착량은 퇴적물과 열처리 퇴적물에서 각각 2.l2, 2.19 mg NO3-N/g 으로 가장 많았으며 열처리 등으로 전처리된 퇴적물은 연안해수의 수질개선을 위한 흡착재로서 활용 가능한 것으로 평가되었다.

The Dongbok lake water before and after alum coagulation and activated carbon adsorption were analyzed in terms of organic contents, molecular weight distributuin (MWD), and UV-absorbance. Dissolved organic compounds in the Dongbok lake were fractionated into three molecular size classes by gel permeation chromatography. The fractionation was reasonably successful in isolating compounds with MW>10,000 (Fraction Ⅰ) and those with 3,000MW (Fraction Ⅲ. The bulk of the dissolved carbon was present in compounds of molecular weight in the range of 3,000∼10,000. Alum coagulation preferentially treated molecules of high molecular weight, which has molecules larger than 10,000. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal after activated carbon adsorption was high in the Fraction Ⅱ, Ⅲ. The A_260/DOC ratio after alum and activated carbon treatment was high in the Fraction Ⅰ, Ⅱ. This results suggest that the organics remaining after each treatment has a trihalomethane formation potential

In order to research the adsorption removal characteristics of trace organic by-products in disinfection of drinking water by biological activated carbon(BAC), water samples disinfected with Cl_2, O_3 and ClO_2 after treatment by fluidized-bed system with water added with humic acid(l0㎎/L) were investigated the formation and the removal of trihalomethanes (THMs), and the trace organic by-products by gas chromatography(GC) & gas chromatography/mass selective detector(GC/MSD). Control was used by activated carbon(AC) and water added with hurnic acid(HA). The results were summarized as follow ; The THMs removal effect of BAC by chlorination was in lower 90 % than that of control(HA), the sorts of oxidants formed by Cl_2, O3 and ClO_2 were that O_3 was very fewer than Cl_2 or ClO_2 and that ClO_2 was fewer than Cl_2 The trace organic by-products were esters and phthalates etc. Based on results above, it is concluded that BAC was appeared the more desirable adsorption-degradation removal characteristics than that of AC.