공공 건설공사 수행 중 계약기간내 공사를 완성하지 못하고 공사기간이 연장된 경우 그 지 연 사유에 대한 귀책과 추가비용 발생의 부담주체를 놓고 계약당사자간에 논란과 분쟁이 심화되고 있다. 건설공사에 있어서 공기지연에 따른 전체 공사기간이 연장된 경우 그 원인 제공을 누가 했 는지에 대한 책임을 분명히 할 필요가 있다. 공기지연 원인의 책임구분의 결과는 분명 일 방의 권리와 타방의 손해로 직결되고 명확한 책임구분이 되지 않는 경우 분쟁이 발생하게 되며 결과적으로 어느 일방은 정당하지 않은 손해를 입게 된다. 계약법상 공사기간의 연장은 계약상대자에게 책임이 있는 사유로 인해 약정한 계약기간 내 에 공사를 완성할 수 없는 경우와, 발주기관의 사정에 의해서 공사가 연장되는 경우가 대 부분을 차지하고 있다. 일반적으로 공기지연 사건이 발생한 경우 클레임을 제기하는 주체에 그 입증책임이 있는데 보통 계약상대자인 건설사가 주장·입증을 하게 된다. 이때 이를 증명 입증시 공식적인 문서 즉, 채무자에게 채무가 있고 이를 이행하지 않는 사실과 채무자에게 귀책사유가 있는 사실, 그로 인해 일정한 손해가 발생한 사실에 대한 근거를 함께 제시하여 명확히 밝혀야 한다. 또한 그 입증 결과에 따른 손해배상으로서 계약상대자인 시공사의 책임없는 사유로 인한 계약기간의 연장이 입증되면 발주기관에 연장기간 동안 발생된 ‘실비’ 보상 요구와 계약금 액 증액 청구 등의 행위가 가능함을 명심해야 한다. 하지만, 공기 연장으로 인해 발생한 손 실에 대한 보상이 가능한지의 여부는 계약당사자가 계약 문서를 통해 어떻게 합의 하였는 지에 따라 결정될 것이지만, 공기지연에 대한 귀책이 발주자나 시공자 모두에게 없는 경우 라면 원칙적으로 공기 연장은 가능하나 이에 대한 보상은 가능하지 않은 것으로 이해하여 야 한다

In Korea, the occurrence frequency of earthquakes has recently increased, compared with the past. So, the various damages for cultural properties due to earthquake can be expected, and especially fortress structure is vulnerable to earthquake. Therefore, the resonable seismic characteristics evaluation is required to secure the safety for fortress structure with the various construction and configuration types. Also, we should consider the various applied load conditions as design variables. To this end, this study classifies fortress structures according to the construction and configuration types, and then applies the discrete element method to model and analyze fortress structures. Finally, the seismic characteristics is evaluated through slip condition due to the analysis results considering the various design variables.

In this study, we made population with high biological efficiency to investigate the complex genetic architecture of yield-related traits in A. bisporus. MB013 that crossed with bisp 15-p2 and bisp 34-p2 had high biological efficiency. 170 homokaryons was isolated with CAPS marker (PIN primer/HaeⅢ) from 1000 ISSs. And 100 BC1F1 hybrids obtained by crossing the homokaryons of MB013 with bisp15-p1. Parental line bisp 15-p2 and bisp 34-p2 and 100 homokaryons of MB013 will analyze genome sequencing. Also 100 BC1F1 hybrids will evaluate yield-related traits.

3D프린팅 공법은 설계 데이터 및 제품의 특성에 따라 액체 또는 분말가루 형태의 폴리머, 금속 등의 재료를 사용한다. 3D프린팅 공법의 제조방식은 적층방식으로 입체구조물을 층층이 쌓아올려 3차원형상을 제조하는 방식을 말한다. 3D프린팅 기술은 30년(1980년대) 전에 개발된 기술이지만 최근 몇 년 사이에 업계의 관심이 집중되고 있다. 3D프린팅 기술의 적용범위는 기계 산업분야에서 의료분야, 항공 분야, 건설 및 토목분야 등으로 그 범위가 점점 확대되어가 고 있다 컨투어크래프팅(Contour Crafting)은 미국 남가주대학에서 15년(2000) 전에 세라믹재료를 이용하여 개발된 3D프린팅 공법이다. Trowel 구조를 도입하여 3D프린팅 공법의 핵심적 단점인 외부표면을 매끄럽게 하면서 3D자유형상을 제작하는 것이다. 현재의 이 공법은 시멘트를 이용 하여 구조물의 부가구성물뿐만이 아니라 전체구조물을 자동으로 만드는 것을 목적으로 한다. 또한 각층의 두께 및 폭이 일반 3D프린팅 공법과 비교할 수 없이 크고 넓게 함으로 건설 및 토목분야의 적용이 가능하다. 특히, 콘크리트재료를 이용하여 토목용 2차구조물 제작에 대한 기초적인 조사 및 개념을 상세히 설명된다

We have studied the efficient operation of the radar and the appropriateness of the installation location, when constructing the VTS system. As the Civil-Military Complex Harbour (Kangjeong Port) is completed in 2016, we set the control area within 10 nautical miles centering on Kangjeong Port, and found out and removed the operational radar blind area of VTS system to provide safe navigation information for vessels that navigating this area. Assuming that two international cruise ships entering at the same time, we performed the radar simulation and compared the images by considering the three sites of Kangjeong Port, Miaksan and Seoguipo Port. Simulation results for a single radar installed at Kangjung Port indicate that the blind area was largely affected by two large cruise ships and the surrounding islands. The blind area due to Kogunsan was considerably large when installed in Miaksan, but the blind area due to the influences of Beomseom, Moonseom and Seopseom was negligibly large. It seems that additional radar installation is necessary as a complementary solution to solve this blind area. When two radars were installed at Miaksan and Kangjeong Port, the residual blind area due to the Seopseom was 0.25 km2 at 0.1~0.33 nautical miles in the southeast direction from Seopseom. In addition, the remaining blind area with two cruise ships mutually influenced was 0.18 km2, which did not occur with a single cruise ship.

Desalination with low energy consumption has been recognized as a crucial technology for meeting the growing freshwater needs of the UAE. In 2016, KAIA and the Masdar company in the UAE signed Joint Development Agreement to develop energy-efficient desalination technologies. The research aims to build a pilot plant desalination plant in UAE for demonstrating reduction of energy footprint. For this R&D project, Daewoo E&C designs and constructs a customized low energy seawater desalination facility with 1000~2000 m³/d by 2018. The goal of specific energy consumption is 3.3 kWh/m³, finally resulting in O&M cost reduction by more than 10%. The system will be configurated with energy saving RO membrane(LG chemistry), pretreatment for algae control using tube type bio filter(MTBF) and DAF, and ion exchange and capacitive deionization for replacement of 2nd RO. Optimizing this pilot plant by 2020 in the UAE is the next milestone in realizing the energy-efficient desalination technology to a viable product.

In this study, we suggested the jacking method of small diameter sewer pipe for improving workability of the pipe at the weak ground. The jacking method minimizes the space and time in constructing small diameter sewer pipe. In addition, to use this method do not cause road restrictions during the construction period. In this study, the construction process of the small diameter sewer pipe is explained. In addition, to ensure the safety during construction, the design consideration such as earth pressure and the jacking force of the steel pipe, and safety against boiling of the ground were examined. For verify the safety of this jacking method, it is necessary to carry out an experiment to estimate the safety of main pipe under construction.

This study investigates the trend on application technologies of advanced composite materials and outlook on research development to the challenges associated with innovative applications of advanced composite materials in construction: 1) initiation of new construction materials; 2) development of rehabilitation techniques for aging infrastructural systems; 3) implementation of greener construction approaches; and 4) introduction of multifunctional advanced composite materials. This fundamental investigation will assure wide field implementation of advanced composite materials in construction.

The baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is an effective and widely used method for the production of recombinant proteins in insect cells or larvae. However, the expression efficiency of foreign proteins using the polyhedrin promoter could not obtain the protein yields observed for native polyhedrin. To enhance the production efficiency of foreign protein in baculovirus expression system, the effects of various enhancer factor were investigated by fusion expressing them with the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). As a hyper expression factor, the optimal hyper BEVS was constructed by combining Hr5 sequence, VP39 promoter and Burst sequences. Additionally, the proteins expressed by the hyper expression system was markedly increased. This study suggests a new option for higher expression of useful foreign recombinant protein using the BEVS.

This study is intended to evaluate a risk of overseas construction companies. To achieve this, a survey was empirically carried out to overseas construction site experts. The results were as follows. The relative importance of parent factors showed that‘social culture’(0.157) was the highest, followed by ‘institutional regulation’(0.150),‘environment’(0.145),‘productivity’ (0.142),‘economic finance’(0.137),‘market condition’(0.136) and‘political policy’(0.133). As for the above-mentioned findings, the most important risk factor in overseas construction was social culture of entry countries, followed by construction-related legal system. All construction companies, contractors and design companies said that social culture was the most important parent factor, varying from construction industry. And they said that workforce availability was also the most important in the importance of sub-factors, followed by conflict due to the differences in lifestyle. Consequently, it is important to manage risk for socio-cultural factors in overseas construction, risk for double workforce, and risk for the differences in thinking or lifestyle by the participation of multinational workforce.

Preventive measures against industrial accidents should take into account the safeguards of unsafe states, education, and managerial measures to control the underlying sources of unsafe and unsafe behavior. Technical and managerial problems are also attributable to the educational cause. In particular, in the in-house safety education system, many construction sites form formal safety education.Inherent safety education is the best safeguard against disaster prevention. In the future, the safety education coordinator and the safety education coordinator of the management and supervision of the safety supervisor and hazardous hazard workers will need to improve the active legal system that can be pursued by all trained persons.

The damage caused by dry weather accounts for a great deal of importance throughout the industry. construction safety manager is responsible for the most practical and important task of preventing disasters. Job training is critical to improve the ability of the safety manager. Therefore, an analysis of the operational system and the educational contents of the institution is required. The purpose of this study is to apply a specific training model for occupational training to activate the construction safety task system and improve the job competency of the safety manager. To create a specific educational model, the criteria and units of the construction safety management area presented by the NCS(National Competency Standards) were applied. Based on the task experience, the task experience was divided into four levels of managers, intermediate managers, advanced managers, senior managers, and the class of managers according to the level of duty assigned by each level of staff, organized by each level of class, and determined the method of teaching and assessing teaching methods. In the improvement of job training, the quality of education should be improved by dividing the educational content according to the level of task competency. In addition, it can be expected to increase the effectiveness of training fees and improve the quality of education by enhancing the educational quality of education fees and improving the quality of education by implementing the training sessions to implement the training sessions of the entrusted services to practice the education of the entrusted services. Applying a specific task training model along with these institutional improvements is expected to facilitate the activation of job training, enabling the ability of the safety manager to become a crucial factor in preventing the overall development of the project.

Safety accidents, which are called industrial accidents in construction work, are often caused by unstable physical and personal conditions combined during preparation and execution of work. It is difficult to manage all the construction works, but especially in the field of apartment construction work, complex and many kinds of works are being carried out at the same time. In the current construction, safety regulations such as safety management guidelines are generally well maintained, but the execution of manpower resources that can fulfill them is limited, and it is difficult to reduce the accident rate and loss cost. Therefore, in this study, it is a reality that most of the types of construction work are under contruction by subcontracting contract, so they are limit by methods of manual maintenance and safety education. Currently, the subcontractor is also allowed to perform safety management through the composition of the safety management review body, but it is operated formally. So alternatives to this were studied. As a result, safety accidents occur in the subcontractor's workplace due to vertical integration, which is a characteristic of the construction industry. Therefore, the safety management should be carried out by the subcontractor as well as the subcontractor It is concluded that effective and practical safety management can be achieved when management based on the personality that can communicate with each other through the management team is able to reduce the accident rate and loss cost.

This paper provides based on the research of previous researchers of the learning organization, this study selected the factors that would influence the introduction effect of the learning organization operation in the construction companies. The result of this study is that the learning organization operating system has the effect of job performance, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and ultimate The results of this study are as follows.

In order to secure competitiveness of companies in the semiconductor industry, state management of equipment is one of the most important key factors. Particularly, after carrying out preventive maintenance (PM) work to maintain the best equipment condition, process reliability inspection is carried out. This work must be performed manually by the intervention of the operator. This inspection work is becoming more and more difficult due to the difficulty of the manufacturing worker, the increase of the simple repetitive workload, and the increase of the inspection items for the engineer, as the condition and the procedure continuously change as the semiconductor scaling down. Therefore, we would like to carry out an empirical study on the construction of an automatic inspection system in order to carry out the more reliable and efficient inspection procedure by eliminating the problems and unreasonableness of the past based on the investigation and analysis of the work procedures and conditions of the existing manual method.

This study is intended to look into the effects of employee's working environment on work loss and productivity in overseas construction sites of Korean construction companies. To achieve this, a survey was empirically carried out to overseas construction site experts. The results were as follows. The weight by 5 loss factors of overseas construction projects showed that project management environment was the highest, followed by construction company environment, owner environment, government support environment and entry country environment, which the biggest work loss factor was the project management section. The weight by loss factors of entry country environment showed that local environment was highest, followed by social environment, economical environment, political environment and cultural environment. In other words, awareness and management of weak social bases, which are not well-institutionalized as properties of most preferred loss, are important in that local environment of new entry countries is the most important thing. As for the above-mentioned findings, the most important project management of overseas construction projects will need to take advantage and have know-how for construction companies' ability to cope with a crisis or the most preferred management and loss prevention of owner environment, government support environment and entry country environment.