기질 화합물로써 3β-hydroxy-12-oleanen-28-oic acid 유도체들의 치환기(R₁ ∼ R₄)가 변화함에 따른 protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)-1B의 저해활성에 관한 비교 분자장 분석(CoMFA) 모델을 유도하고 정량적으로 검토하였다. 최적의 CoMFA F1 모델은 가장 높은 예측성과 상관성(r²cv.=0.654 및 r²ncv.=0.995)을 나타내었다. 저해활성에 관한 CoMFA장 기여비율(%)의 순서는 입체장(53.0 %), 정전기장(36.2 %) 및 소수성장(10.8 %) 이었다. 등고도 분석 결과로부터 저해활성은 기질 분자 내 R4-치환기에 의존적이었으며 특히 melanin 저해활성이 높은 새로운 화합물(P1 및 P2)이 예측되었다.

Tocopherol belongs to the Vitamin E class of lipid soluble antioxidants that are essential for human nutrition. Tocopherols consist of a chromanol ring and a 15-carbon tail derived from homogentisate (HGA) and phytyl diphosphate, respectively. Condensation of HGA and phytyl diphosphate, the committed step in tocopherol biosynthesis, is catalyzed by HGA phytyltransferase (HPT). To increase tocopherol level in cucumber fruit, we performed Agrobacterium-mediated transformation with mdhpt gene, encoding HPT, isolated from apple (Malus domestica). We obtained two independent T0 cucumber plants from transforming 2,142 explants. Southern blot analysis of T0 showed that mdhpt was inserted in the genome. In order to test the tocopherol level, T1 cucumber fruits were screened by GC analysis. From 39 T1 fruits tested, some fruits showed 1.5-2 fold in α- and β-tocopherol content comparing to control. However, most of fruits contained lower levels of γ- and δ- tocopherol indicating a partition of metabolites in tocopherol biosynthesis pathway. We selected these T1 line and made a self-cross to obtain T2 seeds.

한국산 겨우살이 (Viscum album L)는 면역조절작용이 있음이 밝혀졌다. 본 연구에서 한국산 겨우살이 열탕추출물 M11C (non-lectin components)가 비장세포를 활성화시켜 IL-1β를 생산 분비하게 하는지를 조사하였다. 비장세포를 M11C로 자극한 후, 배양액을 수집 혹은 세포 용해물을 수거해 IL-1β 분비와 전사량을 ELISA, immunoblotting, RT-PCR로 검사했었다. 비장세포로부터 IL-1β 분비와 전사 효과에 있어서 M11C는 농도 의존성과 자극시간 의존성을 보였다. 비장세포로부터 최대의 IL-1β 분비를 위한 M11C의 최대의 농도와 자극시간은 각각 200μg/ml와 8시간 이었다. 그리고 최대 IL-1β mRNA 전사를 위한 M11C의 최대의 농도와 자극시간은 각각 200μg/ml와 4시간 이었다. 최대의 전사시간은 최대의 분비시간보다 4시간 빨리 도달된 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 최대의 IL-1β 분비효과가 당분해효소인 Viscozyme L에 의해 완전히 저해되었다. 이는 M11C (non-lectin components)의 구성물질 들 중 다당체 혹은 올리고당들이 IL-1β 생산 분비를 유도하는 주된 물질임을 말해주고 있다.

The level of β-glucan which is a major soluble dietary fiber found in the grain endosperm cell wall was highly variable among 25 barley genotypes grown at four locations including Suwon, Naju, Jinju, and Jeju. Statistically significant genotypic effects were observed for β-glucan content at each or across growing sites (P<0.001). On average, 'Chalssalbori' showed the lowest percentage β-glucan (4.04%) among genotypes in the grain, whereas 'Yonezawa Mochi' was highest in percentage β-glucan (6.46%) compared to other genotypes. The significant difference between genotypes was approximately 1-2% across environments. The effects of location or interaction between locations and genotypes were not significant on the variation of β-glucan contents. High β-glucan content seemed to be greatly associated with such grain traits as waxiness and presence of husk except for 'Chalssalbori'. The waxy genotypes had a mean of 5.37% and values ranging from 5.28 to 5.47%, but normal genotypes had a mean of 4.78% and values ranging from 4.69 to 4.88% over environments. Hulless barley genotypes were also higher than hulled barley genotypes for the average β-glucan content in both individual and over all environments. The difference between the hulled and hulless gene pools was on average of 0.37% with ranges from 0.19% to 0.56% at four environments. β-glucan content measured from a mapping population of F5 -derived 107 lines derived from the cross between 'Yonezawa Mochi' and 'Neulssalbori' was not significantly associated with other agronomic traits except for 1,000-kernel weight at the '01 Suwon environment. Not too much information on the relationship of β-glucan content to agronomic traits was available.

The methanolic (MeOH) extract of A. fruticosa bark, which showed immune-regulatory activities, was separated to purify an active compared by means of a multi-stage column chromatography. This resulted in the isolation and characterization of an isoflavone glycoside named 4', 6-Dimethoxyisoflavone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. Immuno-regulatory activities of the crude extract of Amorpha fruticosa LINNE bark were compared with that of an isoflavone glycoside (4', 6-dimethoxyisoflavone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside). The crude methanolic extract of A. fruticosa and purified single compound showed 16% of relatively low cytotoxicity at a maximum concentration of 1.0 g/L in cultivated normal human lung cell line (HEL299). Cell growth of human T cells was increased up to 15%, 0.5 g/L of the crude extract added group. This was higher than a single compound added one. On the other hand, specific production rates of IL-6 and TNF-α from T cell were higher in the purified compound treat group (0.82×10-4 pg/cell and 1.08×10-4 pg/cell, respectively), compared to 0.5 g/L of the crude extract added group (0.65×10-4 pg/cell and 0.84×10-4 pg/cell, respectively). In addition, the growth of NK-92MI cells incubated with the crude extract was higher up to 56% over the cells grown with a single compound (0.5 g/L). In overall, the crude extract showed relatively higher immuno-regulatory activities compared with a single compound, probably due to the synergic effect given by other substances existed in the crude extract. Even though the siolated compound stimulated higher secretion of cytokines from human T cells.

The flowers of Chrysanthemum boreale Makino were extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH, and the concentrated extract was partitioned with n-hexane, EtOAc, n-BuOH and H2O. Two compounds from the n-hexane fraction and one glucoside from the n-BuOH fraction were isolated through the repeated silica gel and ODS column chromatographies. From the result of physico-chemical data including NMR, MS and IR, the chemical structures of the compounds were determined as β-sitosterol (1), phytol (2) and zingerone 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3). Compounds 2 and 3 were isolated for the first time from this plant.

Sanguisorbae radix (SR) from Sanguisorba officinalis L. (Losaceae) is widely used in Korea and China due to its various pharmacological activity. The present study aims to investigate the effect of the methanol extract of SR on amyloid β Protein(25-35) (Aβ (25-35)), a synthetic 25-35 amyloid peptide, -induced neurotoxicity using cultured rat cortical neurons. SR, over a concentration range of 10-50 μg/ml, inhibited the Aβ (25-35) (10 μM)-induced neuronal cell death, as assessed by a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and the number of apoptotic nuclei, evidenced by Hoechst 33342 staining. Pretreatment of SR (50 μg/ml) inhibited 10 μM Aβ (25-35)-induced elevation of cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]c), which was measured by a fluorescent dye, fluo-4 AM. SR (10 and 50 μg/ml) inhibited glutamate release into medium induced by 10 μM Aβ(25-35), which was measured by HPLC, and generation of reactive oxygen species. These results suggest that SR prevents Aβ (25-35)-induced neuronal cell damage in vitro.