We described and illustrated a rare species in Korea, Hypoxis aurea Lour. (Hypoxidaceae) which was rediscovered about 70 years after its first collection from Jeju island in Korea. The members of the family Hypoxidaceae R. Br. are distinguished from the plants of Amaryllidaceae J. St-Hill. by having grass-like leaves, an invisible stem which is modified into a corm or a rhizome, trimerous, and radially symmetric flowers with an inferior ovary developing into a capsule on scapes. Hypoxis aurea Lour. is readily distinguishable from Curculigo orchinoides Gsertn. in Japan by beakless ovary and capsular fruit. The number of somatic chromosome is 2n=54.

The dichotomous-choice contingent valuation method is applied to estimate the landscape value of Jeju mandarin(orchard). A distribution-free approach, Turnbull empirical distribution model, is employed to solve negative willingness to pay and truncation problems. The data used are collected from the interviews with tourist about willingness-to-pay at the various donation amount levels of Jeju mandarin(orchard)'s landscape value. The evaluation result is shown that the average amount of willingness to pay for the Jeju mandarin's landscape value is 12,926 won per person with standard deviation of 1,874.7 won/person. When the number of Jeju visitors is considered, the economic value of Jeju mandarin's landscape rises every year(2005:64.89 billion won, 2011: 84.43 billion won). The average economic value of Jeju mandarin's landscape are estimated 59.65 billion won during 2000-2005 and 76.88 billion won during 2006-2011, respectively.

제주도에 자생하는 양치식물 25종을 대상으로 항산화활성, ACE 저해활성, APN 저해활성 및 α-amylase 저해활성을 검색하였다. 항산화활성은 쇠고비와 일색고사리에서 비교적 높아서 항산화 음료로 애용되고 있는 차나무 잎보다도 더 높았다. ACE 저해활성과 APN 저해활성은 전체적으로 낮았으나, 쇠고비에서 각각 26.7%와 28.2%으로 비교적 높은 저해활성을 나타내었다. α-Amylase 저해활성은 10종이 50% 이상의 높은 활성으로 보였으며, 그 중에서 쇠고비와 홍지네고사리의 저해활성이 특히 높았다. 이상의 결과로부터 쇠고비는 항산화활성뿐만 아니라 ACE 저해활성, APN 저해활성과 α-amylase 저해활성 모두 다른 식물에 비해 높아 생리활성 물질의 분리 및 동정 등 식품소재 및 식물생약으로 이용하기 위한 후속 연구가 기대된다.

The dichotomous-choice contingent valuation method is applied to estimate the landscape value of Jeju Island's stonewall fencing farming land. A distribution-free approach, Turnbull empirical distribution model, is employed to solve negative willingness to pay and truncation problems. The data used are collected from the interviews with tourist about willingness-to-pay at the various donation amount levels of Jeju stonewall's landscape value. The evaluation result is shown that the average amount of willingness to pay for the Jeju stonewall fencing farming land is 3,001 won per meter with standard deviation of 511.0 won/m.

여기에서는 제주도에 분포하는 임목유전자원에 대하여 앞으로의 개발과 보존전략 수립의 기초 자료로 활용하기 위하여 수행하였다. 제주도에 분포하는 목본식물은 62과 136속 279종 28변종 13품종으로 계 320 분류군이었다. 그 중 침엽수인 나자식물은 3과 5속 7종으로 전체의 2.2%였으며, 나머지인 59과 131속 272종 28변종 13품종 계 313 분류군이 활엽수였다. 활엽수 중 상록수는 31과 45속 72종 7변종 5품종으로 84 분류군으로 활엽수종의 26.8%이며, 낙엽수는 42과 93속 200종 21변종 8품종 계 229 분류군으로 73.2%였다. 이들은 교목 122 분류군(38.1%), 관목 177 분류군(55.1%), 만경 21 분류군(6.8%)으로 구성되어 있었다. 또한 휴면형, 번식형, 산포기관형 및 생육형에 의한 스펙트럼이 분석되었다. 제주도에 분포하는 목본식물 320 분류군 중 17과 21속 14종 16변종 30 분류군이 한국특산이었으며, 그 중 22 분류군은 제주특산이었다. 제주도에 분포하는 목본식물 중 식물구계학적 특정식물 종은 V 등급 10 분류군, IV 등급 24 분류군, III 등급 53 분류군이었다. 이 결과는 V 등급은 전국의 12%, IV 등급은 7.6%, III 등급은 17.2%에 해당하는 것이다.

본 연구에서는 제주도에서 자생하는 30여 종의 식물추출물에 대한 항비만 효능을 조사하였다. 항비만 효능은 in vitro oil red-O staining 방법을 이용하여 지방전구세포 3T3-L1에서 분화억제력을 측정하였다. 그 결과, 30여 종의 식물 중에서 약도라지, 호장근, 유근피 등을 포함한 6종의 식물이 지방전구세포 3T3-L1의 분화를 억제하였다. 지방전구세포의 분화를 억제하는 물질 중 유근피, 약쑥, 호장근, 후박 4종은 우수한 항산화 효능도 동시에 가지고 있음을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과를 통해, 본 실험에서 확보된 추출물이 항비만 물질로 사용될 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였다.

The purpose of this study is to develop the landscape resource assessment system(LRAS) to help evaluate the value of landscape resources(Jeju Island's Stonewall fencing farming land) for the introduction of direct payment system of the landscape preservation objectively and to applicate the model in the fields. Delphi survey on Jeju's stonewall experts shows that the order of priority among value evaluation elements on Jeju's stonewall is its harmony with surroundings(34%), the preservation of its original state(34%) and its density and scale(32%). Evaluation system development of landscape resources(Jeju's stonewall fencing filming land) and field observation survey utilizing it consists of the following five steps. Step 1 includes the first Delphi survey on Jeju's stonewall experts to decide its value evaluation elements and their priority. Step 2 is the second Delphi survey on Jeju's stonewall experts to grade pictures of landscape resources(Jeju's stonewall fencing farming land) on the basis of expert-proposed value evaluation standards. Step 3 consists of analysis work using the result of Delphi survey on experts. Step 4 is to select five grade standard pictures according to each of three grading elements of A, B, C belonging to each of the three standards. Then, it is necessary to make panels including five A-grade pictures, five B-grade pictures and five C-grade pictures according to each of the three elements of density, harmony, and original state preservation. Step 5 consists of field observation survey. According to the result of few experts' value evaluation of stonewall fencing farming land with the aid of NRAS developed in this research, the area of Pyeongdae-ri is ranked first, and then the area of Bukcheon-ri, Chocheon-up, the area of Gwakgi-ri, Ewol-up, the area of Shinum-ri, Ewol-up and the area of Yongsu-ri, hankyung-Myun are ranked in the order named. When those areas are graded, A Grade Areas includes the areas of Pyeongdae-ri, the area of Bukcheon-ri, the area of Gwakgi-ri, B Grade Areas consist of the area of Shinum-ri and the area of Yongsu-ri, and the areas of Onpyeong, wimi and youngrak belong to C Grade Area.

It is necessary to draw up many plans to solve problems in the management of groundwater resources in Jeju Island while systematically develop and utilize water resources at an optimal level. It also seems to an evitable option to establish Groundwater Management Areas in Jeju Island. The excess use of groundwater could be discouraged by imposing charges on those licenses. Such policy as allowance trading system do not appear to be because of transaction costs, but could be applied if only were accompanied by complementary method. The methods of using and conserving the limited resources of groundwater should be founded through socially agreeable and appropriate ways. The policy complemented allowance trading system by Pigouian tax could be effective to regulate licenses. This is cutting the numbers of licenses at a constant rate, imposing charges on those who want to continue using licenses, and reimbursing in cash to those who return the licenses.

A grouting method is the way to effectively prevent pollutants from spreading into the ground during the digging process of groundwater. This study, based on the comparative study of grouting methods being generally accepted, suggests various construction methods which are suitable for geological structure as follows: In Jeju Island, it is very likely that rocks may fall in shuttered zones such as cracks, joints, scoria layers, and clinker layers. For this reason, it is recommended that materials be injected from the bottom toward the top, not from the top to the bottom. In the case where the amount of injected materials become too large in the areas of cracks or joints because of high level of permeability coefficient, grouting materials which smeared into surrounding areas may cause unwanted cut in the aquifer of the bottom level. To avoid this, the amount of water should be reduced from the typical water-cement ratio of 1:2, and grouting materials with larger grading should be used. If the deep excavation of ground is made in Jeju Island, it is likely to have lots of voids because of geological characteristics. Based on the results of this research, it is found that to construct interior casing, the centralizer should be attached to the casing to prevent the casing from being in contact with the counter fort. The grouting in Jeju Island should be thicker than usual. To avoid over-use of grouting materials, to prevent grouting in more than necessary zone, and to facilitate grouting of void areas, the flexible selection of materials is required. And, to exactly figure out the interior of dug well, an examination through CCTV should necessarily be performed when grouting work is in progress.

질산성질소와 염소이온은 지하수에서 흔히 나타나는 항목으로서 농약의 사용이나 도시화 등에 의하여 주로 발생한다. 일반적으로 동일 지점의 지하수 수질 자료는 관측망의 경우를 제외하고는 샘플의 수가 제한적이기 때문에 시계열 자료를 활용한 추세 평가에 한계가 있다. 본 연구에서는 제주도 수계의 분포 특성, 저지대의 낮은 지형 경사, 수리적 특성 및 다공질 지질 특성 등을 고려하여 간격의 격자를 작성하고 격자내에 포함된 수질검사 자료를 모두 취합하여 시계열 데

제주도 동부 신산리해안과 산굼부리에 분포하는 현무암에는 최대 직경 15 cm의 개브로노라이트 성분의 포획암과 거정의 사장석 결정이 포획되어 있다. 이 포획암은 포이킬리틱과 등립질 조직으로 산출되며, 관찰된 모든 포획암에는 사장석의 함량이 가장 우세하며(42-94 vol%), 감람석은 산출되지 않는다. 포이킬리틱조직의 포획암은 사장석을 주정(主晶, oikocryst)으로 자형의 사방휘석과 단사휘석을 포함하고 있는 큐물레이트의 특성을 잘 나타내고 있으며 등립질조직의 포획암은 반자형에서 타형의 사방휘석, 단사휘석, 사장석으로 구성되어 있다. 조직적 특성, 지화학적 특성, 야외 노두에서의 산출상태에 의해 포이킬리틱조직을 보이는 포획암은 모암인 현무암 마그마와의 관계에 있어서 폐쇄계를 이룬 고화대에서, 등립질조직의 포획암은 포이킬리틱한 것에 비해 열린계의 특성을 보이며 마그마 쳄버의 회반죽대에서, 거정질의 사장석은 결정 부유대에 위치하던 암편 혹은 광물편으로 해석된다. 제주도의 반려암질포획암은 제주도를 형성한 마그마 쳄버계의 일부분으로, 분화과정이 제법 진행된 마그마에서 결정화된 암석으로 임시적으로 마그마쳄버를 채웠던 마그마 배치(batch)와 관련된 결정화작용-고립화-포획과정의 암편임을 나타낸다.

주지역에 분포하고 있는 귀화식물의 분포 현황을 조사하고 분포특성을 분석하였다. 그 결과 제주지역의 외래식물은 47 과 161 속 248 종 6 변종으로 총 254 분류군이었다. 생육특성에 따른 구성은 일년생 초본이 107 분류군(42.13%)으로 가장 큰 비율을 차지하였으며, 생육형 구성은 직립형이 79 분류군으로서 전체의 31.1%를 차지하여 가장 높은 비율을 차지하였고, 번식형은 연결체가 없는 단위식물형이 203 분류군으로서 전체의 79.9%를 차지하였다. 생활형 분석결과 휴면형 구성은 일년생식물이 150 분류군으로 전체의 59%로서 대부분을 차지하였으며, 다음으로는 반지중식물이 53 분류군(20.9%), 지중식물이 26분류군(10.2%)의 순이었다. 원산지별 구성은 유럽이 115 분류군으로서 전체의 36.7%를 차지하여 가장 많았으며, 다음은 아시아가 69 분류군(22.0%), 북아메리카가 59 분류군(18.8%)의 순이었다. 도입배경은 사료 또는 곡물혼입이 가장 높은 비율을 차지하였다.

Stonewall in Jeju has been regarded as the one of the most esthetic landscape in rural regions. In addition, they have been played as a useful facility to protect houses or crops from strong winds, but also to indicate the boundary of ownership. In the recent research, stonewall has been appointed as the one of important components in rural landscape. Thus, stonewall in Jeju retains intrinsic and real value by many usages in rural regions. However, in spite of it's value, stonewall has been abandoned without any concerns and political measures. Now stonewall is urgently needed to be dealt by a certain political measure for protection. Therefore, the depth of concerns and systematic management measures for protection should be discussed and made, otherwise the destruction of these natural valuable structures will be continued. In this sense, the purpose of this paper, first of all, is to examine the status of stonewall in jeju. And then, with the result of this examination, political measures and suggestions to protect stonewall are proposed. Several areas such as Sungsan, Sinchon, and so on in Jeju are selected as the sample areas for this study, and examination are carried with a wide range of literature reviews and the GIS technology for data collection and analyses.

Jeju coastal landscape has been changed from 1980's. Construction of coastal road, rearing fm, restaurant and condominium are main reasons of destroying the Jeju coastal area. Recently, the law for preserving coastal landscape is effective to prevent diverse construction activities, the land is comparatively restricted in the coastal landscape preservation districts. The resident's attitude toward restricted landlord has been carried out in Jeju province and compensation program has been developed for landlord in the coastal landscape preservation district. To speak compensation programs, First, land compensation as if cash compensation and right of purchase claim, Second, incentive as if tax reducement or regional support, Third, assignment of development right.

To examine inshore radioactive contamination caused by nuclear power plants, nuclear testing, hospital and laboratory, both gross β-radioactivity and γ-spectrometry were measured. The measurements were taken with the Abalone and Top shell, which had been collected from the four different sites at the coast in Jeju-do (Seongsan, Deajeong, Wimi, Dodu). The activity ranges of concentration were respectively 0.11～0.29 Bq/kg-wet for 90Sr, 0.01～0.04 Bq/kg-wet for 137Cs, 36～53 Bq/kg-wet for 40K in shellfish on the Jeju island. The radioactivities of 90Sr, 137Cs and 40K were similar to those in sampling location of shellfish in the coastal on the Jeju island. The radioactivity of 90Sr for the Abalone was lower level than that for Top shell. The radioactivity of 137Cs for the Abalone was similar to that for the Top shell. But the radioactivity of 40K for the Abalone was higher level than that for the Top shell. As a result, the gross β-radioactivity observed was similar to that in nature. Among radionuclides, only 90Sr, 137Cs and 40K were detected in a very small amount, and each was also close to the natural levels.

Sixteen soil samples around six areas (residental area, traffic area, power plant area, incineration area and factory area) where the stationary and mobile sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are estimated to be emitted in Jeju City, were collected during Feburuary to March, 2004, and analyzed for 16 PAHs recommended by US EPA as primary pollutants to investigate their distribution characteristics. The concentrations of total PAHs (t-PAHs) and total carcinogenic PAHs (t−PAHCARC) in soils of Jeju City were in the range of 21.7∼264.2ng/g on a dry weight basis with a mean value of 87.2 ng/g and 6.3∼118.0ng/g with a mean value of 33.4 ng/g, respectively. The concentrations of t-PAHs were low in comparison with those in soils of other domestic and foreign countries. The mean concentrations of t-PAHs and (t−PAHCARC) with area decreased in the following sequences: traffic area> incineration area > factory area > power generation area > harbor area enli residental area. The correlation between t-PAHs and (t−PAHCARC) were very high (γ2=0.9701), indicating that (t−PAHCARC) concentration increases in proportion with t-PAHs. Comparing the distribution ratio of ring PAHs with area among 16 PAHs, it decreased in the order of 4-ring > 5-ring > 6-ring > 3-ring > 2-ring in all the areas except for harbor area. whitens for harbor area it was similar among 3-, 4- and 5-ring with high value. Low and no correlations between t-PAHs and soil compositions (organic matter content and particle size distribution) were observed, which is considered to be caused by the complex factors, such as the loading and characteristics of PAHs and diverse soil environment change, etc. From the examination of the three PAH origin indices, such as LMW/HMW (low molecular weight 2∼3 ring PAHs over high molecular weight 4∼6 ring PAHs), phenanthrene/anthracene ratio and fluoranthene/pyrene ratio, it can be concluded that the soil PAH contaminations were ascribed to strong pyrogenic origin in ail areas except for harbor area and to both pyrogenic and petrogenic origins.

To investigate the variations of physico-chemical factors and microbial population, in ten stations at water region of coastal area of Chagwi-Do, Nutritive salts, water temperature, transparency, suspended solid, salinity, COD, DO, pH, heterotrophic bacteria, coliform group and Vibrio spp. were analysed three times in September, November in 2004 and February in 2005. Heterotrophic bacteria in surface water was 3.5×101～1.16×103 cfu/ml, 1.0×102～5.2×101 cfu/ml, 2.0×101～7.6×101 and bottom water counted 7.0×102～1.0×103 cfu/ml, 1.4×101～2.5×102 cfu/ml, 2.0×102～4.2×101 cfu/ml in September, November in 2004 and February in2005, respectively. The cell number of total coliform bacteria in the surface water amounted to 0～4.3×102 cfu/ml, 0～6.0×101 cfu/ml, 0～1.0×101 cfu/ml and bottom water amounted 0～2.2×102 cfu/ml, 0～5.4×102 cfu/ml, 0～2.0×101 cfu/ml in September, November in 2004 and February in 2005, respectively. As for Vibrio spp., the cell number in the surface water was 1.0×101～2.5×102 cfu/ml, 1.0×101～2.0×101 cfu/ml, 0 cfu/㎖ and bottom water counted 1.0×101～5.2×102 cfu/ml, 0 cfu/㎖, 2.0×101 cfu/ml in September, November in 2004 and February in 2005, respectively.

Ozone measurements made from 4 sites in Jeju Island have been analyzed, including those from two urban and two rural locales. The data were analyzed in terms of the seasonal and diurnal trends. It should be clear that the surface ozone levels in Jeju area would be relatively sensitive to the external ozone supply originated from the region of Northeast Asia. It seems to be that due to the reactions of ozone with NOx and CO, the average ozone level in Jeju City appears lower than that in Seogwipo City although Jeju City is the largest city in Jeju Island.

Butyltin compounds (BTs), namely tributyltin (TBT), dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT), were measured in surface and core sediments collected in 2001 inside Seogwipo Harbor, in order to evaluate their distribution characteristics. Seogwipo Harbor is one of major harbors of Jeju Island where a lot of shipping occurs and is designated as a trade port by the Korea Maritime and Port Law. BTs were detected in surface and core sediments of all stations and their concentrations in surface sediments were low, compared with to those in other sites of domestic and foreign countries. The main species among BTs was MBT, although there was a little difference with a survey site in surface sediments and in core sediments with depth. No or low correlations were obtained between organic matter or particles size of surface and core sediments and total BTs, indicating that these factors did not affect the distribution of BTs. It was estimated that more complex factors including BTs loads and surrounding sedimentary environments, affect the distribution of BTs. The high correlations between BTs indicated that DBT and MBT were mainly degraded from TBT based on antifouling paints of vessel etc. and other sources, such as DBT and MBT, could be ignored. The butyltin degradation indices ([DBT] + [MBT]/[TBT]) in surface sediments were in the range of 2.0～3.8 (mean 3.0), indicating that the parent compound, TBT, were inflowed into the surface sediments a long years ago, degraded and deposited. The sedimentation age of BTs contaminated core sediments could not estimated because the content of 210Pb activity were nearly all the same and so the sedimentation rate could not obtained.