습식 동 제련공정은 황화광석을 원료로 하며, 제련 공정 중 약 2~15%의 폐황산이 발생하게 된다. 이 황산용액에는 유가금속(Cu, Zn) 및 희소금속(In, Se, Re 등)은 보통 수 ppm에서 수 % 단위로 용해되어 있으며, 첨단소재로서의 희 소금속 및 유가금속의 용도 및 수요가 다양해짐에 따라 이를 회수하여 활용하는 방향으로 연구가 진행되고 있다. 막분리를 이용하여 희소금속을 분리할 시 효율적이며 친환경적인 장점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 폴리에틸렌이민, 피페라진, 트리메조일클로라이드 용액을 사용하여 다공성 지지막 위에 폴리아미드 계면중 합을 하였으며, 제조된 분리막의 투과 특성 및 15%의 황산용액에 대하여 내산성 특성을 살펴보았다.

This study was conducted to determine the association between dietary calcium intake and biomarkers related to lipid and glucose metabolism and inflammation in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes. Seventy-five subjects (41 males, 34 females) were recruited from a group of patients who had visited the department of endocrine medicine. Data on anthropometric characteristics, clinical indices such as hemoglobin A1c and C-reactive protein (CRP), and dietary nutrient intakes were collected. Subjects were divided into three groups on the basis of their calcium intake [<EAR (below estimated average requirement), EAR-RNI (between EAR and recommended nutrient intake), >RNI (above RNI)]. Average calcium intake of <EAR, EAR-RNI, >RNI groups were 462.7±18.7, 649.7±12.8, and 895.7±21.7 mg, respectively. Energy intake was not different among groups but intakes of protein, total and saturated fatty acids were significantly higher in >RNI group than <EAR group. Analysis of covariance revealed that HDL cholesterol level was significantly higher in EAR-RNI group, as compared to <EAR group after adjustment with confounders such as age, sex, BMI and energy intake (p<0.05). Levels of CRP and homeostasis model assessment 2-insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) were significantly lower in EAR-RNI group. Total cholesterol level was higher in EAR-RNI and >RNI groups, although within the normal range. Our results suggest that dietary calcium intake may influence the levels of HDL-cholesterol, CRP and HOMA2-IR and subsequently, help management/treatment of type 2 diabetes patients.

이 논문에서는 벽체의 형상(평면벽체, 곡면벽체) 및 벽체에 도입된 긴장력이 충돌저항성능에 미치는 영향을 수치해석적 기법을 사용하여 평가하고자 하였다. 벽체의 곡률 및 긴장력 도입률을 변수로 총 12 케이스의 충돌해석을 수행하였으며, 충돌체로는 상용 민항기엔진의 3차원 상세모델을 사용하였다. 충돌저항성능을 평가하기 위해 관입깊이와 벽체 중앙부 후면의 최대 변위를 비교하였다. 긴장력의 도입에 의해 관입깊이는 약 60∼80% 수준으로 감소하는 것으로 나타났으나, 후면 변위는 큰 차이가 나타나지 않았으며, 벽체 형상에 따른 차이는 상대적으로 크지 않은 것으로 나타났다.

This study investigates the analytical study for evaluating impact resistance capacity and failure mode of PROTECT (Poly-Resilience-Oriented hybrid TEChnology plaTe) panel. PROTECT panel is a composite panel with two steel plates and nano-composite. In order to perform impact analysis, dynamic properties of steels and nano-composite were determined. Finite element analysis is performed with these properties under the drop-weight impact. From the FEA, different failure modes corresponding to different impact energy is derived.

To select resistant oil seed crops against two species of root-knot nematodes, M. incognita and M. arenaria, 10 cultivars of sesame (Sesamum indicum) and 10 cultivars of perilla (Perilla frutescens var. japonica) were screened in greenhouse pot test. All sesame cultivars tested were resistant to M. incognita but susceptible to M. arenaria. While, perilla was resistant to both Meloidogyne species. Therefore, perilla cultivars could be used as rotation crops in greenhouses infested with both M. incognita and M. arenaria. But, sesame cultivars only can be used as a rotation crops in greenhouses infested with M. incognita but not for M. arenaria.

Repetitive applications of drugs to tumor tissues and animals induced resistance and/or tolerances which caused severe problem in agriculture and medicine. However, we still do not clearly understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying development of resistance and tolerance to chemicals. Drosophila is one of the most widely used model for studying fundamental phenomena in sciences using its available genetic and genomic resources. To investigate unknown molecular and cellular basis of drug resistance development, we applied Drosophila with two different concentrations of a chemical after treating them with Ethyl methanesulfonate mutatgenesis. We found that flies treating with two different concentration of chemicals showed different susceptibility to a chemical. We have established two different lines showing different susceptibility to a chemical. We will use these lines to compare any differences in mRNA expression profiling and enzyme activities. (This work was supported by project title: Investigation on cross drug resistance mechanisms using Drosophila as a model (PJ010821032016) from Rural Development Administration).

Pigmentation or melanization is an important physiological event in insects and is involved in cuticle tanning, wound healing and encapsulation as a defensive response. Dopachrome-conversion enzyme (DCE, Yellow) significantly accelerates the melanization of the chorion in mosquito eggs. In this study, we demonstrated functional importance of two ovary-specific yellow genes, AalY-g and AalY-g2, in the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus. The transcripts of both genes were detected in the ovary of adult females only 48-72 h after blood feeding. RNAi for AalY-g or AalY-g2 had no effect on fecundity. However, the outermost colorless exochorion of the eggs was fragile and partially peeled off, and initial melanization of the endochorion was significantly delayed. Eggs from control females exhibited high desiccation resistance, whereas those from dsAalY-g- or dsAalY-g2-treated females were collapsed (50-80%) under the air-dry condition. Ultrastructural analysis revealed abnormal morphology of the endochorion and vitelline membrane in the AalY-g and AalY-g2-deficient eggshell. These results indicate that AalY-g and AalY-g2 are critical for integrity and desiccation resistance of the Ae. albopictus eggs. This work was supported by NRFs (NRF-2015R1A6A3A04060323).

Polydnaviruses (PDVs) are a group of insect viruses and symbiotic to some endoparasitoid wasps. Genome analyses of different PDVs provide a number of genes putatively associated with alteration of host insect physiological processes. Especially, PDV gene products assist host wasp development by suppressing immune responses and delaying larval development of parasitized lepidopteran hosts. Thus, PDV genes can be applied to control insect pests by incorporating them into crop genomes. This talk illustrates two examples of PDV genes: CpBV-CST1 and CpBV-ELP1. CpBV-CST1 has been known to inhibit insect cysteine proteases to suppress immune and development, while CpBV-ELP1 exhibits a high cytotoxicity to insect cells. Transgenic tobaccos expressing CpBV-CST1 or CpBV-ELP1 were constructed by using Agrobacterium-mediated transgenic system and exhibited antixenosis against chewing and sucking insect pests on tobacco.

Although expression of foreign genes in a crop species has been target techniques for powerful protection against insect pests, classical breeding programs using varietal resistance of a crop are still being processed. It is, however, frequently difficult to find key products expressed from resistance-related genes in the variety, and those action mechanism. Here, an unterminated story about seed of a mungbean (Vigna radiata) variety with high resistance against the adzuki bean weevil and the bean bug is introduced. The two insects cannot survive on seeds of the variety, although they well develop on susceptible ones. Molecular markers linked to the resistance were selected through BAC library screening and near isogenic lines, and finally a bruchid resistance gene was suggested after map-based cloning approaches. Starvation and chemicals were suggested for a resistant mechanism and a related factor through feeding and behavior experiments, respectively. The seed flour was extracted with organic solvents, and isolated into several fractions on chromatography. Several peaks on HPLC in a fraction were related with the high mortality of the bean bug. A partial structure in an isolated chemical was observed before full identification.

최근 지역적으로 나타나고 있는 침입종인 꽃노랑총채벌래[Frakliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)]의 밀도 감소 현상이 토착종이면서 동소종(sympatric species)인 대만총채벌레[F. intonsa (Trybom)]에 의한 생물적 저항성과 환경 요인에 의한 비생물적 저항성이 나타난 결과라는 가설을 세우고 이를 검증하였다. 대만총채벌레는 꽃노랑총채벌레에 비해 발육률이 빠르며 성충 수명, 생식률(R0), 내적 자연 증가율(rm) 모두 높았다. 또한 경쟁 상태에서도 대만총채벌레는 꽃노랑총채벌레에 비해 수명과 생식에서 영향을 상대적으로 덜 받았으며, 특히 두 종간의 행동 관찰 실험에서는 대만총채벌레 의 섭식시간뿐만 아니라 먹이자원을 경계하는 시간이 각각 1.3과 42.8배 더 길어 두 종간 간섭경쟁이 있었다. 온도와 습도를 달리한 환경 조합에서 대만총채벌레가 꽃노랑총채벌레에 비해 고습 조건에서 생존율이 더 높았다. 다만, 대만총채벌레 는 꽃노랑총채벌레에 비해 살충제에 대한 감수성이 높았다. 이상의 결과로 최근 꽃노랑총채벌레의 지역적 밀도 감소 효과는 경쟁종인 대만총채벌레에 비해 낮은 내적 자연 증가율과 간섭경쟁에 의해 나타난 현상으로 판단된다. 다만, 더 넓은 지역에 대한 조사와 먹이 식물과 천적에 의한 영향 등에 대한 추가 연구가 필요하다.

Soft rot caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum is a destructive disease of the fleshy storage tissues of vegetables and ornamentals that occurs worldwide. This study was carried out to find an effective method for evaluating soft rot disease on a massive scale in greenhouse and to screen resistant accession for the disease with lettuce germplasm. Spray method with 5 mL suspension of 109 colony formation unit per milliliter (CFU/mL) of P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum per plant at the 6 ~ 7 foliage leaf stage was the most effective to evaluate soft rot disease. We evaluated resistance to soft rot using this method for 812 accessions of lettuce germplasm introduced from 52 countries. As the results, withered rates for each germplasm accession ranged from 0 to 100 percent and among 812 accessions of lettuce germplasm investigated, 21 accessions showed very high resistance. Among the 21 accessions, 11 accessions were from Korea, each 2 accessions were from USA and Israel, and each 1 accession was from Afghanistan, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Pakistan, and Uzbekistan. Accessions from Israel, Syria, and Afghanistan showed high resistance level. Among very high resistant 21 accessions, 12 were landraces, 6 were cultivars, and 3 were wild relatives. The 21 accessions were consisted of 12 leaf lettuce, 5 romaine type, 3 wild relatives, and 1 butterhead lettuce. Leaf lettuce accessions showed the highest resistance level while crisphead lettuce accessions had the lowest resistance level among the cultivated lettuce types. Wild relatives had greater resistance than landraces and cultivars. These accessions which resistance to soft rot will be used for soft rot resistance breeding program in lettuce.

PURPOSES: Reflection cracking has been one of the major causes of distress when asphalt pavement is laid on top of concrete pavement. This study evaluated the reflection cracking resistance of asphalt mixtures reinforced with asphalt embedded glass fiber and carbon fiber using a Texas Transportation Institute (TTI) overlay tester. METHODS : Different asphalt mixtures such as polymer-modified mastic asphalt (PSMA) and a dense graded asphalt mixture were reinforced with asphalt-embedded carbon fiber and glass fiber. For comparison purposes, two PSMA asphalt mixtures and one dense graded asphalt mixture were evaluated without fiber reinforcement. Two different overlay test modes, the repeated overlay test (R-OT) and monotonic overlay test (M-OT), were used to evaluate the reflection cracking resistance of asphalt mixtures at 0 ℃. In the R-OT test, the number of repeated load when the specimen failed was obtained. In the M-OT test, the tensile strength at the peak load and tensile strain were obtained. RESULTS : As expected, the fiber-reinforced asphalt mixture showed a higher reflection cracking resistance than the conventional nonreinforced asphalt mixtures based on the R-OT test and M-OT test. The dense graded asphalt mixture showed the least reflection cracking resistance and less resistance than the PSMA. CONCLUSIONS: The TTI overlay tester could be used to differentiate the reflection cracking resistance values of asphalt mixtures. Based on the R-OT and M-OT results, the carbon-fiber-reinforced asphalt mixture showed the highest reflection cracking resistance among the nonreinforced asphalt mixtures and glass-fiber-reinforced asphalt mixture.

식용곤충은 대체 식량자원으로 관심이 증가되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 누에나방 번데기 분말 섭취 유무에 따른 저항성운동 훈련(등장성 수축)이 ICR 마우스의 근육량 증가에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 ICR 마우스 28마리를 대조군(CON), 저항성운동 훈련군(EX), 누에나방 번데기 분말 섭취군(SP), 누에나방 번데기분말 섭취 저항성운동 훈련군(SPEX)으로 그룹 당 각각 7마리씩 분류하였다. 체중증가율은 EX와 SPEX가 CON과 SP에 비해 유의하게 억제되었다. 혈중 총 단백질 농도는 SPEX가 다른 그룹에 비하여 가장 높았다. 알부민 농도 변화는 운동훈련 병행 시에만 증가하였다. 혈액 GOT와 GPT 수준은 유의차가 없었다. Akt와 Gsk-3β의 단백질 발현의 유의차는 없었다. 그러나 번데 기 분말 섭취 시 Akt 증가 및 Gsk-3β의 감소 경향이 나타났다. 비복근 근육 양은 저항성 운동 훈련을 하였을 때만 증가하였다. 그리고 또한, 번데 기 분말 섭취 시 근육량은 유의차가 없었으나 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 저항성 운동훈련과 누에나방 번데기 분말 섭취는 간독성을 유발하지 않고 근육량을 증가시킬 수 있다는 점을 시사한다. 그러나 보다 상세한 결과를 제시하기 위해 부가적인 연구가 필요할 것이다.

농진청에서 수행하고 있는 아프리카 국제협력프로그램인KAFACI 사업의 일환으로 우간다 등 8개국에 ‘통일형 다수성벼 품종개발’ 사업을 추진하고 있다. 이를 위해 아프리카에서정상적인 생육과 수량을 나타내는 다수성 통일형 품종인 밀양23호와 아프리카의 재래종인 O. glaberrima를 이용하여 밀양23호의 유전적배경을 보유한 근동질 계통인 BC4F1을 육성하고, 약배양을 통해 유전적 고정계통을 육성하였다. 이 중 50개계통을 우간다에서 생물검정을 실시한 결과, 아프리카에서 문제시되는 Yellow Mottle Virus (RYMV), Bacterial LeafStreak(BLS), 흰잎마름병 및 도열병에 복합저항성인 계통으로판명되었다. 특히 RYMV에 대한 저항성은 저항성원이 결여되어 있는 병으로 본 연구를 통해 육성한 계통들은 향후 아프리카에 적응하는 내병성 다수성 품종개발에 유용한 재료를 활용 될 것으로 생각된다.

본 연구에서는 제련 공정에서 발생되는 희소금속 및 유가금속 회수를 위하여 상용화 된 나노여과막인 NE40, 70, 90 (Toray Chemical Korea) 와 내산성 분리막인 NP030 (Nadir), Duracid (GE), NanoPro (AMS)를 선정 하였으며, 습식 제련 공정을 모사하기 위해 황산 15% 용액에 침지한 시간 (0 ~ 63일)에 따라 투과 특성을 평가하였다. 공급 용액으로는 대표적인 1가 이온으로 NaCl을, 2가 이온으로는 MgSO4를 2,000 ppm 사용하여, 황산 15% 용액에 63일 동안 노출하였을 때의 투과 성능 변화를 측정 하였다. 이러한 투과 특성 평가를 이용하여, 제련 공정에서 발생되는 희소금속 및 유가금속 회수를 위한 최적의 분리막을 선정 할 수 있었다.

습식제련 공정 중 발생하는 폐 황산에는 다양한 희소금속들이 포함되어 있으나, 현재 공정수에서 희소금속 처리 기술부족으로 중화되어 폐기되고 있다. 이 과정에서 막분리 공정을 적용할 경우 희소금속을 친환경적이면서 효율적으로 회수할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 다공성 지지막 위에 polyamide 계면중합법을 이용하여 내산성이 우수한 폴리아미드/실록산 블렌딩 나노여과막을 제조하고, 제조된 막의 구조적 특성 및 투과분리 특성에 대하여 살펴보았다. 그리고 제조된 분리막을 15 wt%의 황산용액에 대하여 내산성능평가를 진행하였다.

We developed a positively charged membrane with acid resistance via the introduction of a branched-poly(ethyleneimine) (b-PEI) hydrogel layer onto the surface of a polyethersulfone (PES) membrane, which was achieved by immobilization of b-PEI at the PES membrane surface using cross-linking agent. The combined results of ATR FT-IR, XPS and FE-SEM measurements confirmed that the b-PEI hydrogel layer was successfully coated on the PES NF membrane surface. In particular, the b-PEI hydrogel coated membrane surface had positive charge at whole pH range. The positively charged surface could enhance multivalent ion rejection. As a result, the membrane effectively recovered acid substance under strong acidic condition. Moreover, the selective separation was well preserved after exposure to highly concentrated sulfuric acid solution.

In the present study, numerical analysis algorithm for the hull form optimization was taken into account using optimization algorithm. In this algorithm the sequential quadratic programming method was applied as an optimizer and the potential-based panel method was adopted to get the wave resistance coefficient as the objective function. The hull form was modified using the B-spline surface modeling technique during the whole optimization process. The developed numerical analysis algorithm was applied to a passenger ship and the optimized ship were compared with the original ship.

본 논문에서는 부분 보강된 CFT 기둥의 폭발저항성능을 일반 CFT 기둥과 비교하여 강판 보강의 효과를 확인하였다. 폭발하중을 받는 CFT 기둥의 구조해석에는 폭발과 충돌 해석을 위한 특수한 하이드로코드인 Autodyn을 사용하여 수치해석을 수행하였다. 콘크리트와 이를 둘러싸고 있는 강판 사이의 상호작용을 모델링하는 여러 방법이 있다. 본 연구에서는 기둥의 실제 파괴를 표현하기 위해 마찰 옵션 및 조인 옵션으로 모델링하였다. 해석에 따르면, 부분 보강된 CFT 기둥은 일반 CFT 기둥에 비해 더 나은 폭발저항효과를 나타내었다. 보강 CFT기둥의 폭발저항성능은 콘크리트를 둘러싸고 있는 부분 보강된 강판의 높이가 높을수록 향상되었으며 CFT 기둥의 단면 크기 이상으로 보강할 것을 추천한다.