In recent years, single layer latticed domes have attracted many designers and researchers's attention all over the world, because single layer latticed domes as space structure are of great advantage in not only mechanical rationality but also function, fabrication, construction and economic aspect. One of the most important factor, in building of single-layer single-layer lattice spherical dome with 300m span, is to ensure the structural safety. Network pattern of single layer latticed domes can be infinitely taken into account. The typical network patterns are triangle, square, hexagon etc. Especially triangular network pattern has mechanically more advantage than the other network patterns because of having not only a large equivalent shearing rigidity but also a large equivalent bending rigidity and axial rigidity. Among the triangular network pattern, that is, 3 way grid pattern, there are many mechanical differences according to the arranging methods of members. In order to ensure the structural stability of single-layer latticed dome with 3 way grid, designers are required to maintain a constant member length and the member angle. In order to achieve this, it is important to search the member array that the standard deviation of the member lengths and angles is the smallest. This paper is to develop the arrangement of member and to verify its validity for single-layer latticed spherical dome with 300m span.

This paper is a study on the nonlinear behavior of polyhedron curved space roof as building structures of quasicrystal system. The quasicrystal is made up of two kinds of parallel hexahedrons, and all the line elements of the parallelepiped have the same length. The quasicrystal design grid dome has a pentagonal symmetry and all members have the same length. This paper described form of design gird dome, and showed the analysis conditions. Also, The displacement-load curve is shown through the analysis and we grasped the flow of the load and forces through analysis of design grid dome applied quasicrystal system.

Graphene is well-known as a perfect barrier because of its dense and delocalized cloud consisting of p-orbitals. However, graphene membrane synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) intrinsically contains structural defects (e.q., grain boundaries and point defects), which allow any small molecules to penetrate through the defective graphene membrane. Here we prepared polycrystalline graphene membranes including such defects, and investigated the gas transport behavior through the graphene membrane. Also, we compared the gas permeation behavior (or barrier properties) of large-area, single crystalline graphene membrane without any structural defects.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the structural safety of the spherical-helical turbine for hydro-power. We analyze fluid-structure interaction of the spherical-helical turbine for hydro-power using ANSYS-CFX and Mechanical. The maximum combined stress, deformation and safety factor of the spherical-helical turbine in cases of three types of materials were obtained by fluid-structural analysis. From structural analysis, the maximum value of the equivalent stress occurred at the shaft of the turbine for three material types. In case of a polyethylene turbine blades, the maximum equivalent stress and safety factor were 3.46 MPa and 7.23. Polyethylene turbine blades were evaluated to be safe except of the turbine shaft. Several researches will be performed based on the results of this study and more research and development of technologies are needed in this field.

본 연구에서는 철근콘크리트 건물에 대한 유전자 알고리즘 기반의 최적구조설계기법을 제시하고자 한다. 목적함수는 구조 물의 비용과 이산화탄소 배출량을 동시에 각각 최소화하는 것이다. 비용 및 인산화탄소 배출량은 구조설계안에서 얻을 수 있는 단면치수, 부재길이, 재료강도, 철근량 등과 같은 설계정보를 통해 계산한다. 즉, 구조물의 물량을 기초로 하여 비용과 이산화탄소 배출량을 평가한다. 재료의 운반, 시공 및 건물 운영 단계에서 발생하는 비용 및 이산화탄소 배출량은 본 연구에 서 제외한다. 제약조건은 철근콘크리트 건물을 구성하는 기둥과 보 부재의 강도조건과 층간변위조건이 고려된다. 제약조건 을 평가하기 위해 OpenSees를 활용한 선형정적해석이 수행된다. 제약조건을 만족시키면서 목적함수에 대해 최소의 값을 제 시하는 설계안을 찾기 위해 유전자 알고리즘이 사용된다. 제시한 알고리즘의 적용성을 검증하기 위해 4층 철근콘크리트 모 멘트 골조 예제에 제시하는 기법을 적용하여 검증한다.

The objective of this work is to investigate the A-IMS structural defects on the tubular shaft and solid shaft by analyzing the under-fill, metal flow, effective stress and load characteristics. The tubular shaft and solid shaft were designed 6 stage process by upper and lower die. The results were analysed by using a finite elements analysis method. The coefficient of frictions were set Oil_Cold conditions as referred to the analysis library. It was found that the actual under-fill phenomenon was not observed in both tubular and solid shaft. The load values of tubular and solid shaft were 520ton and 255ton, respectively. These values were under the limit of forging machine maximum value.

Insecticidal toxicities of the isolated constituent of Eucalyptus dives oil and its analogues were bioassayed. 3-Carvomenthenone was isolated by chromatographic techniques and determined by EI-MS, 13C-NMR,1H-NMR, 1H-1H COSY, and HMQC. In the fumigant bioassay against P. interpunctella, cyclohexenone exhibited the strongest insecticidal toxicity (LD50 against larvae and adults, 2.45 and 3.63 μg/cm3), followed by methylcyclohexenone, seudenone, and 3-carvomenthenone. In the structure-activity relationships between 3-carvomenthenone analogues and insecticidal toxicity, the mode of the insecticidal action of 3-carvomenthenone, cyclohexenone, methylcyclohexenone, and seudenone was through the dermal organs of T. castaneum and P. interpunctella. This study indicates that 3-carvomenthenone, cyclohexenone, methylcyclohexenone, and seudenone have potential capacity for the development as safety natural agents to control the stored grain insects.

The purpose of this study was to isolate an active constituent from the essential oil of Eugenia caryophyllata leaves and evaluate its insecticidal activity against Pochazia shantungensis nymphs and adults. According to chromatographic and spectroscopic analyses, the active constituent of E. caryophyllata leaves was identified as eugenol. Based on LC50 values and structural analogues of eugenola gainst the P. shantungensis nymphs and adults, isoeugenol (LC50, 83.29 and 91.03 mg/L) exhibited the highest insecticidal activity, followed by methyl isoeugenol (105.61 and 114.48 mg/L), eugenol (124.44 and 143.24 mg/L), methyl eugenol (126.31 and 143.84 mg/L), and acetyl eugenol (165.11 and 170.06 mg/L). Insecticidal activity against P. shantungensis was dependent on the presence of a functional group in 4-ally-2-methoxyphenol. These results indicate that E. caryophyllata oil and eugenol analogues might be potential alternative synthetic insecticidal agents.

Ionic liquids (ILs) have been used in DNA extraction/separation, DNA preservation and PCR based on their characteristic affinity to DNA. However, few studies have been performed about how DNA-IL complex forms and its mechanism which would be essential to understand the role of ILs over the range of applications. Herein, we present that the differences in the structure of the DNA- IL complex are associated with the alkyl chain length of IL. The assumption was evidenced by Atomic force microscopy, DNA specific dye staining, gel-electrophoresis and real-time electrical measurement. We observed unique electrical signals with altered duration time and amplitude when DNA- ILs complexes pass through solid-state nanopore. We examined three types of ILs (EMIM-Cl, BMIM-Cl, and OMIM-Cl) for their characteristics to form DNA-ILs complexes. The results indicated that the length of hydrophobic alkyl group in respective ILs determines the form of DNA-IL complex. In conclusion, the morphology of DNA could be modified by the incorporation with different alkyl chain length of ILs, providing their further application in biosensor such as nanopore technique for DNA sequencing or understanding protein-DNA interaction.