기상레이더와 지형정보 시스템을 이용한 홍수사상에 기초하고, 운동역학적이며, 초과강우가 고려된 분포형 강우-유출 유역모형이 개발되었다. 이 유역모형에서 강우로 인한 지표면 유출 및 지표면 흐름과 관련된 각종 변수의 공간적 변동성과 불확실성을 인식하고 설명한다. 개발된 모형은 래스터 지형정보시스템과 공간적ㆍ시간적으로 변하는 강우자료와 호환된다. 몬테칼로 모의와 우도값이 이 모형의 검정을 위하여 이용되었으며, 검정 모형으로부터 반응되는 시스템의 가능범위가 허

This study was carried out for reading the change of local meteorological environment according to dam construction of Nakdong-river using numerical model. The study used PSU/NCAR Mesoscale Model version5(MM5) for inquiring effect of formation of artificial lake after dam construction. The colleague simulated temperature mixing ratio, latent heat flux and sensible heat flux in two cause of existing lake and not. Temperature and mixing ratio in southwest of Andong lake increased because of the air that was warm and moist above the lake moved to southwest due to the northeasterly wind. In the case of existing lake around Andong, latent heat flux increased much in the daytime after sunrise. However, sensible heat flux decreased but it didn't change distinctly in southwest of Andong like the other values.

This study was carried out for reading the change of local meteorological environment according to dam construction of Nakdong-river using meteorological data analysis, and modeling. The meteorological data analysised are mean temperature, foggy day, precipittion day and sunshine time. As the result of analyzing meteorological data of before and after the construction of dam in Andong and Hapchon, some discrepancy were observed by month because the lakes have different effect on the region as wind field. The common phenomenons that are revealed after dam construction are increase of foggy day and decrease of sunshine time.

The characteristic features of surface ozone concentration and the forecasting procedure of high ozone days have been studied. The ozone concentration was continuously measured during 3 years (1997∼1999) at air quality monitoring stations in five major cities in Korea. The diurnal variation of surface ozone concentration on high ozone days is characterized by low ozone concentration at night. The ozone concentration increases continuously after sunrise, to reach a peak at 1500∼1600 LST. Thereafter it decreases steadily to a low concentration at sunset. The diurnal and annual maximum of the surface ozone concentration at Seoul were observed in May and June, respectively. The favorable synoptic condition for the high ozone day is divided into 4 different synoptic weather patterns: a high-pressure system from the Sea of Okhotsk, the Pacific subtropical high extending westward, a moving high-pressure system covering the Korean peninsula, and a synoptic system in front of a typhoon. Most of high ozone days occur under the high pressure system in Korea.

우리나라 벼 수량의 기상반응을 종합적으로 검토하여 벼 수량예측모델을 구축하고자 1985년부터 1999년까지 15년간 수행한 20개 지역의 벼 지역적응시험 자료를 이용하여 기상에 대한 수량반응의 최대경계선(boundary line)분석을 하였으며, 이에 근거하여 수량예측모형을 설정하였다. 1. 벼의 생육기간을 영양생장기, 생식생장기, 등숙기로 구분하고 각 발육단계를 15-20일 간으로 구분하여 각 시기의 기상요소에 대한 수량반응의 최대경계선은 평균기온( Ta )과 일조시수( Sh)에 대해서는 지수함수 f( Ta )=β0(1-exp(-β1 / Ta ), f( Sh)=β0(1-exp(-β1 Th)로 나타났으며 일교차(Tr)는 2차함수 f( Tr)=β0(1-( Tr-β1 )2 )로, 이 식에서 상수항 β0를 제거하여 수량에 대한 각 기상요소의 영향도를 0-1로 나타내는 기상지수로 나타내었다. 2. 각 생육시기의 평균기온, 일조시간 및 일교차에 대한 수량반응의 최대경계선이외에 불임에 의한 등숙률 저하와 그에 따른 수량감소를 고려하기 위하여 Uchijima(1976)가 제안한 냉각도일수(cooling degree day)를 출수전 30일간의 생식생장기에 계산하여 이에 대한 수량과 등숙률 반응의 최대경계선을 계산하였는데 냉각도일수가 증가하면 수량이 감소하는 지수함수로 잘 표현되어 기존의 연구들과 같은 결과였다. 3. 기상지수는 벼의 생육기간을 영양생장기, 생식생장기 및 등숙기로 구별하고 각 시기별로 수량 기상지수를 각 기상요소 기상지수를 기하평균하여 산출하였는데 각 시기별 수량기상지수의 수량변이 설명도는 각각 0.383-0.430, 0.460-0.534, 0.4603-0.587로 결정계수는 영양생장기＜생식생장기＜등숙기의 순으로 컸다. 4. 최대경계선 분석방법을 통하여 얻어진 각 생육시기별 수량기상지수를 기하평균하여 구한 종합수량기상지수와 수량과의 직선회귀식을 구하여 수량예측모형(Model I, II, III)을 작성하였다. Model I, II, III)은 각각 결정계수가 0.6512, 0.6703, 0.6129로 모든 생육단계에 걸쳐서 기간을 15-20일 단위로 세분하여 모든 기간의 수량에 대한 기상지수를 고려하여 전 생육기간의 종합수량기상지수를 산출한 Model II가 기상변화에 따른 수량변이의 설명도가 가장 높았다.

1987년부터 1995년까지 전남 고흥군의 농가포장에서 감자의 주요특성과 재배기간중 관측된 기상자료를 이용하여 생육 및 수량과 기상요인과의 상관관계, 분석 및 수량추정식을 유도한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1.기상요인 중 변이가 큰 것은 3월과 4월의 최저기온으로서 변이계수는 각각 368.0%, 126.0%였으며 5, 6월의 평균기온, 최고기온 및 최저기온은 비교적 변이가 적 었다. 2. 생육 및 수량형질의 변이계수에서 수량은 3.7%로 매우 낮아 품종고유의 유전특성의 지배를 많이 받는 반면, 경장은 14.3%, 경수는 9.3%로 높아서 어느정도 환경요인에 영 향을 받는것으로 나타났다. 3. 4월의 강수량 및 6월의 평균기온과 수량간에는 부의 상관으로 나타났다. 4. 생육 및 수량간에 는 모두가 정의 상관으로 유의성이 인정되었으며 4월의 강수량을 이용하여 경장을 추정한 결과 Y1: 82.47-0.11X (R2=0.3959)의 직선 회귀식을 유도할 수 있었고, 역시 4월의 강수량을 이용하여 수량을 추정한 결과 Y2: 2003.61-0.94X (R2=0.5418)의 직선 회귀식을 얻을 수 있었으며 이들에 대한 분산분석에서도 유의성이 인정되었기에 수량에 대한 추정식을 이용하여 이론적 수량과 실제 수량의 오차를 구한 결과 값이 같아서 잘 적중되었다.

The traffic accidents in large cities such as Pusan metropolitan city have been increased every year due to increasing of vehicles numbers as well as the gravitation of the population. In addition to the carelessness of drivers, many meteorological factors have a great influence on the traffic accidents. Especially, the number of traffic accidents is governed by precipitation, visibility, humidity, cloud amounts and temperature, etc. In this study, we have analyzed various data of meteorological factors from 1992 to 1997 and determined the standardized values for contributing to each traffic accident. Using the relationship between meteorological factors(visibility, precipitation, relative humidity and cloud amounts) and the total automobile mishaps, an experimental prediction formula for their traffic accident rates was seasonally obtained at Pusan city in 1997. Therefore, these prediction formulas at each meteorological factor may be used to predict the seasonal traffic accident numbers and contributed to estimate the variation of its value according to the weather condition in Pusan city.

The purpose of the present study is to develope the estimation scheme for sensible heat flux by semi-empirical approach using routine meteorological data such as solar radiation and air temperature. To compare observed sensible heat flux with estimated sensible heat flux, the sensible heat fluxes were measured by three dimensional sonic anemometer-thermometer. The field observation was performed during 1 year from December 1, 1995 to November 30, 1996 on a rice paddy field in Chunchon basin. The heat fluxes were measured at a heights of 5m and mean meteorological variables were obtained at two levels, 2.5m(or 1.5m) and 10m. Since condition of rice paddy field such as, wetness of the field, roughness length, vary widely, we devided annual data to 5 periods. Comparing with two sensible heat fluxes, the results showed that the correlation coefficients were more than 0.86. Thus, we can conclude that the estimation method of sensible heat fluxes using routine meteorological data is practical and reliable enough.

A series of meteorological observation using automation weather station(AWS) carried out to investigate characteristics of nocturnal meteorological parameters for 16∼17 June 1998 at Buljeongdong mountain slope, Kyungbuk. Dry temperature at valley was lower than mountain because of high lapse rate at valley, so the strong inversion layer occurrenced at mountain slope for nighttime. Contrary of dry temperature, relative humidity of valley was higher than mountain for nighttime. Wind speed at valley from sunset to next day morning was lower than mountain, but that of valley after sunrise was higher than mountain. Wind direction at valley for all observation time were southeasterlies(SE), that of mountain for nighttime were northeasterlies(NE) or northnorthwesterlies(NNW), and that of mountain after sunrise were irregular. Vapor pressure at valley for all observation time was higher mountain, particularly the difference was high for nighttime.

The concentration of air pollution in a large city such as Pusan has been increased every years due to the increase on fuel consumption at factories and by vehicles as well as the gravitation of the population. In this study, we have analyzed NO2 concentration data and various data of meteorological factors during 1994-1997 to investigate the characteristics of NO2 concentration and how the high NO2 concentration is generated under the meteorological condition. According to the study, NO2 peak concentration at most sites occurred about 1h later after the rush hour. In the characteristics of emissions in sites, sinpyeong- dong was highly contributed to point source while the other sites were highly contributed to line source. The high NO2 concentration had high generation probability when temperature contained typical seasonal characteristics and wind speed was low. Using the relationship between meteorological factors and the daily average NO2 concentration, correlation analysis was practiced. The seasonal variation of the daily average NO2 concentration was correlated with air temperature, solar radiation and wind speed, but the correlation coefficient between meteorological factors and the daily average NO2 concentration was not so much high. Thus we have known that the daily average NO2 concentration is partially explained by meteorological factors.

This study was performed to investigate the characteristics of nocturnal maximum ozone occurrence and the meteorological relevance using to hourly ozone data and meteorological data for 1995∼1996 in Pusan coastal area. Kwangbokdong showed the highest occurrence of nocturnal maximum ozone as 36.9%, and Deokcheondong showed the lowest occurrence(9.2%) for research period in Pusan. The occurrence rates of nocturnal maximum ozone concentration were decreased toward land area. The low maximum temperature, high minimum temperature, low diurnal range, high relative humidity, high wind speed, high cloud amount, low sunshine and low radiation were closely related to the main meteorological characteristics occurring the nocturnal maximum concentration of ozone. It was shown that normal daily variation of ozone concentration by strong photochemical reaction at the before day of nocturnal maximum ozone. The concentration of nocturnal maximum ozone were occured by entrainment of ozone from the upper layer of developed mixing layer. There are no ozone sources near the ground at night, so that the nighttime ozone should be entrained from the upper layer by forced convection.

A porous α-alumina tube of 2.5 ㎜ O.D. and 1.9 ㎜ I.D. was used as the support of an inorganic membrane. Macropores of the tube, about 150 nm in size, were plugged with silica formed by thermal decomposition of tetraethylorthosillcate at 600℃. The forced cross-flow CVD method that reactant was evacuated through the porous wall of the support was very effective in plugging macropores. The H_2 permeance of the prepared membrane was of the order of 10^-8 mol s^-1 m^-2 . Pa^-1, while the N_2 permeance was below 10^-11 mol. s^-1 . m^-2 . Pa^-1 at 600℃. This was comparable to that of silica-modified Vycor glass whose size was 4 nm.

Meteorological measurements were carried out in the basin of Cheong-Kwan located Yang-San near Pusan city, from Oct. 30 to Nov. 1, 1988. According to the measured data, we verified the close relationship between the variation of nocturnal inversion layer and the meteorological elements. The nocturnal inversion layer by radiative cooling in this site extends up to 130 meters or so. And the nocturnal jet appears just above or at the top of the inversion layer, and the stronger of the prevailing wind blows, and the lower of the jet level appears. Some meteorological features such as heating, cooling etc., began to change in or in the slightly higher level of the inversion layer, when they are formed, reinforced and disappeared. And the air in the basin preserves its character because it is not affected by local scale air flow.